考研英語知識點答疑之完型填空解題基本原則(2)

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(3)整個文章結(jié)構(gòu)之中-除了看未知填空所在的句子、其所在句子的上下句之外,例如:2002年考研英語完型試題的21題
    Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 ) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 ) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.
    [A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later
    分析:解除本題所考查的介詞的關(guān)鍵是分析清楚文章的結(jié)構(gòu),把握文章的中心主線,從中定位找出本題的相關(guān)線索:
    文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析-。本文的結(jié)構(gòu)還是非常明了的總分對照結(jié)構(gòu),并且文章的頭兩句就是整個文章總述句。根據(jù)文章的結(jié)構(gòu),我們看出19世紀(jì)所代表的"much"發(fā)生在15、16世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)這兩個時間段之間,因此本題的答案是between。
    單個或多重相關(guān)已知信息點一個未知填空有可能只受到單個相關(guān)已知信息點的限制也可能同時受到多個相關(guān)已知信息點的限制。從歷年真題來看,大部分的未知填空還是受到多個相關(guān)已知信息點的限制,只受到單個相關(guān)已知信息點的限制的題不多見。
    例如:2000年考研英語完型試題的44和45題:
    "as a commodity which he must sell insgroupsto 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil."
    44. (A) replace (B) purchase (C) supplement (D) dispose
    45. (A) enhance (B) mix (C) feed (D) raise
    分析:上面這段話考了兩個動詞,而且均為及物動詞,但與這兩個動詞相關(guān)聯(lián)的已知信息點的數(shù)量卻是不同的。45題這個空基本上只受到一個相關(guān)已知信息點的限制,只要看45空后邊的賓語the soil就足以解出本題,即主要考慮45空所要選的動詞與the soil之間動賓搭配的匹配性就可以了。44題就同時受到一共3個相關(guān)已知信息點的限制了。
    做完型填空題的大忌-- "只見樹木、不見森林"
    通過總結(jié)歷年真題可以看出,大部分的填空是受到多個相關(guān)已知信息點的限制,而這些多個相關(guān)已知信息點往往又在3個層次都有分布,兩者是交替出現(xiàn)的。正是這種現(xiàn)象決定了考生在做完型填空題時不能犯"孤立主義"或"只見樹木、不見森林"的錯誤,即不能只關(guān)注填空左右附近的信息,而是要"瞻前顧后"、"胸懷大局"。