external adj. 1 外部的, 客觀的, [醫(yī)]外用的2 外國(guó)的 n. 外部, 外面
[同義] exterior ， outer， outside， surface
[反義] internal adj. 內(nèi)在的, 國(guó)內(nèi)的
measure n. 1尺寸, 量度器, 量度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2 方法, 測(cè)量, 措施
vt. 1 測(cè)量, 測(cè)度, 估量2 分派, 權(quán)衡, 調(diào)節(jié) vi. 量
[例] 1 測(cè)量：The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的千克是測(cè)量質(zhì)量的量度
2 較量She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary. 她拿自己的力量和危險(xiǎn)的敵手進(jìn)行較量
[同義] appraise ，assess ，compare， estimate ，grade， rank ，rate ，size
[固定搭配] measure up （常與to 連用）合格；符合（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）
contrast vt. 使與...對(duì)比, 使與...對(duì)照 vi. 和...形成對(duì)照 n. 對(duì)比, 對(duì)照, (對(duì)照中的)差異
[例] My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before. 我的新學(xué)校比以前的好多了。
[同義] compare， liken， match， measure
definition n. 1 定義2 解說(shuō)3 精確度, (輪廓影像等的)清晰度
[例] Good photographs have definition. 好的照片都很清晰。
[派生] define vt. 定義, 詳細(xì)說(shuō)明 definite adj. 明確的, 一定的
specific n. 1 特效藥2 細(xì)節(jié) adj. 1 詳細(xì)而精確的, 明確的2 特殊的, 特效的, [生物]種的
[例] I want a specific answer.我想要一個(gè)明確的回答。
[同義] definite ，fixed， particular ，precise， special
[反義] general n. 1 普通2 將軍3 概要
adj. 1 一般的, 普通的2 綜合的, 概括的, 全面的, 大體的 n. 常規(guī)
[派生] specify vt. 1 指定2 詳細(xì)說(shuō)明, 列入清單
specification n. 詳述, 規(guī)格, 說(shuō)明書(shū), 規(guī)范
signpost n. 路標(biāo)
[例] We usually put up signposts on the highway for the drivers.我們經(jīng)常在高速公路上為司機(jī)們?cè)O(shè)立些路標(biāo)。
landmark n. 1(航海)陸標(biāo), 地界標(biāo), 里程碑2 劃時(shí)代的事
[例] The Potala Palace is Tibet's cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture. 布達(dá)拉宮是西藏標(biāo)志性的建筑，它能被認(rèn)為是東方建筑的奇跡之一。
[同義] milestone ，point
encounter v. 遭遇, 遇到, 相遇 n. 遭遇, 遭遇戰(zhàn)
[例] The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.
年輕的科學(xué)家們?cè)谔诫U(xiǎn)期間遇到了許多困難。
[同義] battle， collide， come across， confront ，meet， oppose
obstacle n. 障礙, 妨害物
[例] We combat obstacles in order to get repose? Henry Adams).
"為了獲得歇息，我們與困難斗爭(zhēng)"（亨利?亞當(dāng)斯）。
[同義] barrier， block， deterrent ，hindrance ，hitch， impediment obstruction，snag ，stoppage
[反義] help n. 幫忙, 補(bǔ)救辦法, 助手, 治療, <美>傭工 vt. 幫助, 助長(zhǎng), 接濟(jì), 治療, 款待
vi. 有用, 救命, 招待
essential adj. 1 本質(zhì)的, 實(shí)質(zhì)的, 基本的2 提煉的, 精華的 n. 1 本質(zhì), 實(shí)質(zhì)2 要素, 要點(diǎn)
[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems? 這兩種經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的本質(zhì)區(qū)別是什么?
[同義] basic, fundamental, important, necessary , needed, required , vital
[派生] essence n. 基本, [哲]本質(zhì), 香精
perceive vt. 察覺(jué) v. 感知, 感到, 認(rèn)識(shí)到
[例] I perceived that I could not make her change her mind. 我發(fā)覺(jué)我不能使她改變她的主意。
[同義] detect, distinguish, experience, feel make out, observe, recognize sense
[派生] perception n.理解, 感知, 感覺(jué), DPS 公司出的數(shù)字影像壓縮卡
perceptive adj. 有理解的
tend vi . 趨向, 往往是 vt. 照管, 護(hù)理
[例] People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.處于壓力下的人容易發(fā)揮自己全部的潛力。
[同義] administer, attend , bend , care for, foster, help , incline
[派生] tendency n. 趨向, 傾向
indecisive adj. 非決定性的
[例] There are no indecisive boundaries between the two opinions. 這兩種意見(jiàn)界線分明。
[反義] decisive adj. 決定性的
timidity n. 膽怯
[例] His timidity prevented him from asking her to the dance . 他由于膽怯沒(méi)敢邀請(qǐng)她去參加舞會(huì)。
[派生] timid adj. 膽小的, 羞怯的
hesitate v. 猶豫, 躊躇, 不愿
[例] He hesitated before he answered because he didn't know what to say.
他在回答之前猶豫了一下，因?yàn)樗恢勒f(shuō)什么。
[同義] falter， flounder， let up ，pause， rest， waver
[反義] dare ，decide ，determine
[派生] hesitation n. 猶豫, 躊躇
cope vi. (善于)應(yīng)付, (善于)處理
[例] She is not a competent driver and can't cope with driving in heavy traffic.
"她不是個(gè)能干的司機(jī),在交通擁擠時(shí)就開(kāi)不好車。"
[同義] face， put up ，struggle
insecurity n. 不安全, 不安全感
[例] The child's feeling of insecurity was caused by his mother's early death .
這孩子無(wú)依無(wú)靠的感覺(jué)是由于他母親早死所造成的。
[反義] security n. 安全
[派生] secure adj. 安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 無(wú)慮的 v. 保護(hù)
unavoidable adj. 不能避免的, 不能取消的
[例] an unavoidable accident 必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事故
[同義] certain， inescapable， inevitable ， sure
[反義] avoidable adj. 可避免的
cease v. 停止, 終了
[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time. 我們不停地生產(chǎn)以便按時(shí)完成計(jì)劃
[同義] discontinue， end， halt， quit ，stop
[反義] begin v. 開(kāi)始, 首先
[固定搭配] cease out 絕跡； cease to be 不再是；cease to be in force 失效； cease to be in effect 失效；
[同義] exterior ， outer， outside， surface
[反義] internal adj. 內(nèi)在的, 國(guó)內(nèi)的
measure n. 1尺寸, 量度器, 量度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2 方法, 測(cè)量, 措施
vt. 1 測(cè)量, 測(cè)度, 估量2 分派, 權(quán)衡, 調(diào)節(jié) vi. 量
[例] 1 測(cè)量：The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的千克是測(cè)量質(zhì)量的量度
2 較量She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary. 她拿自己的力量和危險(xiǎn)的敵手進(jìn)行較量
[同義] appraise ，assess ，compare， estimate ，grade， rank ，rate ，size
[固定搭配] measure up （常與to 連用）合格；符合（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）
contrast vt. 使與...對(duì)比, 使與...對(duì)照 vi. 和...形成對(duì)照 n. 對(duì)比, 對(duì)照, (對(duì)照中的)差異
[例] My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before. 我的新學(xué)校比以前的好多了。
[同義] compare， liken， match， measure
definition n. 1 定義2 解說(shuō)3 精確度, (輪廓影像等的)清晰度
[例] Good photographs have definition. 好的照片都很清晰。
[派生] define vt. 定義, 詳細(xì)說(shuō)明 definite adj. 明確的, 一定的
specific n. 1 特效藥2 細(xì)節(jié) adj. 1 詳細(xì)而精確的, 明確的2 特殊的, 特效的, [生物]種的
[例] I want a specific answer.我想要一個(gè)明確的回答。
[同義] definite ，fixed， particular ，precise， special
[反義] general n. 1 普通2 將軍3 概要
adj. 1 一般的, 普通的2 綜合的, 概括的, 全面的, 大體的 n. 常規(guī)
[派生] specify vt. 1 指定2 詳細(xì)說(shuō)明, 列入清單
specification n. 詳述, 規(guī)格, 說(shuō)明書(shū), 規(guī)范
signpost n. 路標(biāo)
[例] We usually put up signposts on the highway for the drivers.我們經(jīng)常在高速公路上為司機(jī)們?cè)O(shè)立些路標(biāo)。
landmark n. 1(航海)陸標(biāo), 地界標(biāo), 里程碑2 劃時(shí)代的事
[例] The Potala Palace is Tibet's cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture. 布達(dá)拉宮是西藏標(biāo)志性的建筑，它能被認(rèn)為是東方建筑的奇跡之一。
[同義] milestone ，point
encounter v. 遭遇, 遇到, 相遇 n. 遭遇, 遭遇戰(zhàn)
[例] The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.
年輕的科學(xué)家們?cè)谔诫U(xiǎn)期間遇到了許多困難。
[同義] battle， collide， come across， confront ，meet， oppose
obstacle n. 障礙, 妨害物
[例] We combat obstacles in order to get repose? Henry Adams).
"為了獲得歇息，我們與困難斗爭(zhēng)"（亨利?亞當(dāng)斯）。
[同義] barrier， block， deterrent ，hindrance ，hitch， impediment obstruction，snag ，stoppage
[反義] help n. 幫忙, 補(bǔ)救辦法, 助手, 治療, <美>傭工 vt. 幫助, 助長(zhǎng), 接濟(jì), 治療, 款待
vi. 有用, 救命, 招待
essential adj. 1 本質(zhì)的, 實(shí)質(zhì)的, 基本的2 提煉的, 精華的 n. 1 本質(zhì), 實(shí)質(zhì)2 要素, 要點(diǎn)
[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems? 這兩種經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的本質(zhì)區(qū)別是什么?
[同義] basic, fundamental, important, necessary , needed, required , vital
[派生] essence n. 基本, [哲]本質(zhì), 香精
perceive vt. 察覺(jué) v. 感知, 感到, 認(rèn)識(shí)到
[例] I perceived that I could not make her change her mind. 我發(fā)覺(jué)我不能使她改變她的主意。
[同義] detect, distinguish, experience, feel make out, observe, recognize sense
[派生] perception n.理解, 感知, 感覺(jué), DPS 公司出的數(shù)字影像壓縮卡
perceptive adj. 有理解的
tend vi . 趨向, 往往是 vt. 照管, 護(hù)理
[例] People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.處于壓力下的人容易發(fā)揮自己全部的潛力。
[同義] administer, attend , bend , care for, foster, help , incline
[派生] tendency n. 趨向, 傾向
indecisive adj. 非決定性的
[例] There are no indecisive boundaries between the two opinions. 這兩種意見(jiàn)界線分明。
[反義] decisive adj. 決定性的
timidity n. 膽怯
[例] His timidity prevented him from asking her to the dance . 他由于膽怯沒(méi)敢邀請(qǐng)她去參加舞會(huì)。
[派生] timid adj. 膽小的, 羞怯的
hesitate v. 猶豫, 躊躇, 不愿
[例] He hesitated before he answered because he didn't know what to say.
他在回答之前猶豫了一下，因?yàn)樗恢勒f(shuō)什么。
[同義] falter， flounder， let up ，pause， rest， waver
[反義] dare ，decide ，determine
[派生] hesitation n. 猶豫, 躊躇
cope vi. (善于)應(yīng)付, (善于)處理
[例] She is not a competent driver and can't cope with driving in heavy traffic.
"她不是個(gè)能干的司機(jī),在交通擁擠時(shí)就開(kāi)不好車。"
[同義] face， put up ，struggle
insecurity n. 不安全, 不安全感
[例] The child's feeling of insecurity was caused by his mother's early death .
這孩子無(wú)依無(wú)靠的感覺(jué)是由于他母親早死所造成的。
[反義] security n. 安全
[派生] secure adj. 安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 無(wú)慮的 v. 保護(hù)
unavoidable adj. 不能避免的, 不能取消的
[例] an unavoidable accident 必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事故
[同義] certain， inescapable， inevitable ， sure
[反義] avoidable adj. 可避免的
cease v. 停止, 終了
[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time. 我們不停地生產(chǎn)以便按時(shí)完成計(jì)劃
[同義] discontinue， end， halt， quit ，stop
[反義] begin v. 開(kāi)始, 首先
[固定搭配] cease out 絕跡； cease to be 不再是；cease to be in force 失效； cease to be in effect 失效；