Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each numbered blank.
Only three strategies are available for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not _1_known; there is no good evidence that screening is much help; and treatment _2_in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be_3_. This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, reseach_4_ the past few decades has produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment.
_5_, however, we consider not what researcher may one day offer but what today’s knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practical and cost-efficient opportunities for _6_ premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved _7_, but prevention.
This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can _8_ tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by _9_ on the type of education that already appears to have a _10_ effect on cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar _11_ per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, _12_, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become _13_ only recently. In China, lung cancer _14_ accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century _15_ the rise in smoking to increase in the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990’s or early in the next century, _16_ prompt effective action is taken against the habit-indeed, such increase are already plainly evident in parts of the _17_.
There are reasons why the preventions of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: first, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other types of cancer now _18_; secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and finally, _19_, tobacco consumption will also have a substantial _20_ on many other diseases.
1.A. hardly B. never C. less D. reliably
2.A. fails B. succeeds C. results D. rises
3.A. treatment B. cure C. prevention D. diagnosis
4.A. over B. on C. from D. near
5.A. Although B. If C. Since D. Unless
6.A. resulting B. deducing C. avoiding D. causing
7.A. health B. control C. environment D. treatment
8.A. eliminate B. abolish C. cut down D. cope with
9.A. dealing B. expending C. hardening D. inspecting
10.A. innocent B. positive C. likely D. moderate
11.A. contained B. delivering C. adopted D. regulated
12.A. for example B. such as C. as well as D. but
13A. sensitive B. tight C. widespread D. rough
14.A. still B. also C. as yet D. always
15.A. of B. at C. due to D. for
16.A. if B. unless C. provided D. while
17.A. China B. world C. U.K D. globe
18.A. has B. emerges C. causes D. does
19.A. yield B. handing C. increasing D. reducing
20.A. trouble B. margins C. impact D. threat
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each numbered blank.
Only three strategies are available for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not _1_known; there is no good evidence that screening is much help; and treatment _2_in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be_3_. This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, reseach_4_ the past few decades has produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment.
_5_, however, we consider not what researcher may one day offer but what today’s knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practical and cost-efficient opportunities for _6_ premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved _7_, but prevention.
This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can _8_ tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by _9_ on the type of education that already appears to have a _10_ effect on cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar _11_ per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, _12_, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become _13_ only recently. In China, lung cancer _14_ accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century _15_ the rise in smoking to increase in the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990’s or early in the next century, _16_ prompt effective action is taken against the habit-indeed, such increase are already plainly evident in parts of the _17_.
There are reasons why the preventions of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: first, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other types of cancer now _18_; secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and finally, _19_, tobacco consumption will also have a substantial _20_ on many other diseases.
1.A. hardly B. never C. less D. reliably
2.A. fails B. succeeds C. results D. rises
3.A. treatment B. cure C. prevention D. diagnosis
4.A. over B. on C. from D. near
5.A. Although B. If C. Since D. Unless
6.A. resulting B. deducing C. avoiding D. causing
7.A. health B. control C. environment D. treatment
8.A. eliminate B. abolish C. cut down D. cope with
9.A. dealing B. expending C. hardening D. inspecting
10.A. innocent B. positive C. likely D. moderate
11.A. contained B. delivering C. adopted D. regulated
12.A. for example B. such as C. as well as D. but
13A. sensitive B. tight C. widespread D. rough
14.A. still B. also C. as yet D. always
15.A. of B. at C. due to D. for
16.A. if B. unless C. provided D. while
17.A. China B. world C. U.K D. globe
18.A. has B. emerges C. causes D. does
19.A. yield B. handing C. increasing D. reducing
20.A. trouble B. margins C. impact D. threat