9.3 連詞+分詞(短語(yǔ))
有時(shí)為使分詞短語(yǔ)與主句關(guān)系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。 連詞有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分詞的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)必須為同一個(gè)，如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主語(yǔ)相同。
9.4 分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞之后，如：
I found my car missing. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見(jiàn)了。
I’ll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分詞作表語(yǔ)
現(xiàn)在分詞： 表示主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行
過(guò)去分詞： 表示被動(dòng)，已經(jīng)完成
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分詞作插入語(yǔ)
其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。
generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)
talking of (speaking of) 說(shuō)道
strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說(shuō)
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來(lái)看
taking all things into consideration 全面看來(lái)
Judging from his face, he must be ill. 從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的動(dòng)作)
9.7 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)
1）與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽(tīng)到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。
典型例題
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此處沒(méi)有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2）先于主動(dòng)詞
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。
分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。
典型例題
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動(dòng)作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，例如：
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是給你錢的那個(gè)人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那個(gè)被車攔住的人。
2）不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一個(gè)讀過(guò)許多書(shū)的人
a much-travelled may 一個(gè)去過(guò)許多地方的人
a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴
有時(shí)為使分詞短語(yǔ)與主句關(guān)系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。 連詞有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分詞的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)必須為同一個(gè)，如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主語(yǔ)相同。
9.4 分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞之后，如：
I found my car missing. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見(jiàn)了。
I’ll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分詞作表語(yǔ)
現(xiàn)在分詞： 表示主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行
過(guò)去分詞： 表示被動(dòng)，已經(jīng)完成
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分詞作插入語(yǔ)
其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。
generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)
talking of (speaking of) 說(shuō)道
strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說(shuō)
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來(lái)看
taking all things into consideration 全面看來(lái)
Judging from his face, he must be ill. 從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的動(dòng)作)
9.7 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)
1）與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽(tīng)到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。
典型例題
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此處沒(méi)有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2）先于主動(dòng)詞
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。
分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。
典型例題
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動(dòng)作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，例如：
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是給你錢的那個(gè)人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那個(gè)被車攔住的人。
2）不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一個(gè)讀過(guò)許多書(shū)的人
a much-travelled may 一個(gè)去過(guò)許多地方的人
a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴