5)描寫敘述型題目：需要變換詞法或句型。此類題句子內(nèi)容和表達(dá)詞在原文中能找到，考生關(guān)鍵是進(jìn)行時態(tài)的變換、句型的轉(zhuǎn)換。在替換過程中切勿因粗心犯了不該犯的錯誤，如時態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)和動名詞等。)
例(1) What does the author think Joe Jempler should be blamed for? (1997年1月六級簡答題72)
(分析：此題答案在文可找到大部分詞句，但需要作些變換。原句有：Joe Templer should have known better: ……。It won't hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, ……。考生應(yīng)知道："should +have+V-ed"用法，其次"leave the key in the truck"是關(guān)鍵詞。通過這些知識點(diǎn)可知答案為：Having left his key in the truck. 注意答案時態(tài)變化。)
例(2) What are the two ways, thieves sell the stolen cars?
(分析：此題答案文中有兩句已告知。Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals. But as many as 200,000 cars are struggled out of the country every year. 考生需要把這兩句話意思高度概括出，在詞法句式上作些變化。答案為：Selling by parts and smuggling into other countries.)
例(3) The last sentence of the passage indicates that one's exposure to the media is ______ (1998年6月六級簡答題S5)
(分析：此題答案文中最后一句話已表明。These various factors have so much influence on your media exposure that so little of that exposure is planned. 考生只需作些詞法變換即可，答案為：hardly planned.)
例(4)Ｗhat was the explanation of animal-behavior experts for the "clever" behavior of pets? (1997年6月六級簡答題S5)
(分析：此題答案短文最后一句即點(diǎn)明：The behavior was a mechanical result of the training. 但考生需要聯(lián)系本段中心意思，得知此結(jié)論符合動物專家觀點(diǎn)，故答案為：A mechanical result of training)
3、推理題
這類題型主要包括兩種：描述事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)上推理和邏輯上的推理。
(1)在描述事實(shí)事礎(chǔ)上的推理題。考生只要在描述細(xì)節(jié)句子范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行推理，不必顧及整體文章大旨，以防干擾。
例(1) What did Newton seem puzzled about? (1997年6月六級簡答題S1)
(分析：此題文中第一段只描寫了一個事實(shí)：Whenever I tossed out a Frishbee(飛碟) for him to chase, he'd take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose track of it. Moving back and forth only a yard of two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the tress. He seemed genuinely puzzled. 通過對這幾句描述的理解，考生應(yīng)明白Newton似乎不知上哪兒去找飛碟，故答案為：Not knowing the Frishee's track.)
例(2)What made it possible for the TIM reporters to come up with so many interesting stories about pets?
(分析：此題考生需要理解短文第二段第一、二句話：Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share it with anyone who will listen. On very short notice, TIME reporters came up with ……. 從這里可推知，記者們正是聽到了寵物主人的宣揚(yáng)才得知這些故事的。因此答案為：That the owners want others to share their stories.)
例(3) According to many parents, without TV, their children would like them to _____ .
(分析: 此題答案在短文首句中即可推斷出. Many parents who welcome the family arestill worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. 關(guān)鍵詞是without TV, be on call as entertainers,由此可知,孩子們是希望父母陪他們玩, 故答案為:play with their children.)
例(4)What comment did the author make about the highly successful people travelling with him?(1998年1月六級簡答題S1)
(分析:此題通過作者對細(xì)節(jié)的強(qiáng)調(diào)而知道作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn).
Atfer only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cop with the unpredictable and turns of the river. 句中"accustomed to being spoiled and indulged"是關(guān)鍵詞，它表有作者的評價。故答案為：They were used to being spoiled and idulged.)
(2)通過前后句以及上、下文內(nèi)在邏輯進(jìn)行推理。此類題一般針對主題思想、作者意圖而設(shè)計(jì)的。考生要注意首句、段尾句和表示轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系的一些詞，如：but, however, yet, in short, as, although, as a result, because, since, therefore, thus, so等。
例(1) Why does the author say Newton had unique sense of humour?
(分析：短文第一段先描寫了Newton似乎不知道該上哪兒找飛碟，但當(dāng)作者準(zhǔn)備去幫它時，"he would run invariably straight over the Frisbee, grab it and start running like mad, looking over his should with what looked suspiciously like a grin."從這前，后句可以看出Newton是在挑逗、欺騙作者。故答案為：Because Newton intended to deceive him.)
例(2)?。議at happeed to the New York knicks in the 1980s? (1998年1月六級簡答題S3)
（分析：此題答案需要從短文中關(guān)鍵一句才能推出。I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New Yourk Knicks, has recovered from years of the adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s. 句中： recovered from years of adversity "是關(guān)鍵詞，它暗示出該隊(duì)曾陷入困境，故答案為：It was in adversity.這需要從句子的內(nèi)在邏輯中才能推出。)
例(3) What spirit was encouraged in the reoped GM plant? (1998年1月六級簡答題S5)
(分析：此題需要理解全文的中心思想才能推導(dǎo)出。因?yàn)槿恼率侵v團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的重要性。最后一段通過事實(shí)圍繞此主題展開的，因此可知答案為：teamwork spirit。)
例(4)Exposure to all media is important and people sometimes tend to use more media if ____ (1998年6月六級簡答題S1)
(分析：此題從原文中直接找不到答案，它需要理解第一段中心大意及關(guān)鍵句子，且考生只能用自己語言來表達(dá)。首段主要講大眾媒體的重要性，然后用一句話點(diǎn)出：Our exposure to all media is important, however, because all of them contribute materials for the construction of that world in our heads. 考生只要理解了because 后面句子意思，就能準(zhǔn)確地補(bǔ)完題干條件句：if they want to know more about the world 。)
例(5) Many parents think that, instead of watching a lot of TV, their children should ______. (1999年1月六級簡答題題S2)
(分析：此題答案在第一段關(guān)鍵一句理解基礎(chǔ)上再作逆向思維即可推導(dǎo)出。They remember thinking up all sorts of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful, somehow. 此句意即父母們記得他們小時候總能想到許多事情去做的。但他們現(xiàn)在的孩子似乎不同，總覺得沒什么事做。這就表明，許多父母認(rèn)為，如果不去看電視，他們的孩子也應(yīng)該想出許多事做，故答案為：think up things to do.)
三、簡答題得高分基本原則
以上歸納了簡答命題傾向及解題技巧，考生掌握了這些知識后，還要注意以下幾個方面才能得到高分。
1、答案盡量用短語或詞組，句子要簡潔，一般都規(guī)定了不能超過10個單詞，多了要扣分。
2、盡量用短文中出現(xiàn)的詞組或短語，句子的用詞也應(yīng)以短文中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞為先。若非用自己的語言組織、表達(dá)不可，則注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的精煉、完整和時態(tài)的正確。
3、注意大小寫正確及書寫的工整。
例(1) What does the author think Joe Jempler should be blamed for? (1997年1月六級簡答題72)
(分析：此題答案在文可找到大部分詞句，但需要作些變換。原句有：Joe Templer should have known better: ……。It won't hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, ……。考生應(yīng)知道："should +have+V-ed"用法，其次"leave the key in the truck"是關(guān)鍵詞。通過這些知識點(diǎn)可知答案為：Having left his key in the truck. 注意答案時態(tài)變化。)
例(2) What are the two ways, thieves sell the stolen cars?
(分析：此題答案文中有兩句已告知。Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals. But as many as 200,000 cars are struggled out of the country every year. 考生需要把這兩句話意思高度概括出，在詞法句式上作些變化。答案為：Selling by parts and smuggling into other countries.)
例(3) The last sentence of the passage indicates that one's exposure to the media is ______ (1998年6月六級簡答題S5)
(分析：此題答案文中最后一句話已表明。These various factors have so much influence on your media exposure that so little of that exposure is planned. 考生只需作些詞法變換即可，答案為：hardly planned.)
例(4)Ｗhat was the explanation of animal-behavior experts for the "clever" behavior of pets? (1997年6月六級簡答題S5)
(分析：此題答案短文最后一句即點(diǎn)明：The behavior was a mechanical result of the training. 但考生需要聯(lián)系本段中心意思，得知此結(jié)論符合動物專家觀點(diǎn)，故答案為：A mechanical result of training)
3、推理題
這類題型主要包括兩種：描述事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)上推理和邏輯上的推理。
(1)在描述事實(shí)事礎(chǔ)上的推理題。考生只要在描述細(xì)節(jié)句子范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行推理，不必顧及整體文章大旨，以防干擾。
例(1) What did Newton seem puzzled about? (1997年6月六級簡答題S1)
(分析：此題文中第一段只描寫了一個事實(shí)：Whenever I tossed out a Frishbee(飛碟) for him to chase, he'd take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose track of it. Moving back and forth only a yard of two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the tress. He seemed genuinely puzzled. 通過對這幾句描述的理解，考生應(yīng)明白Newton似乎不知上哪兒去找飛碟，故答案為：Not knowing the Frishee's track.)
例(2)What made it possible for the TIM reporters to come up with so many interesting stories about pets?
(分析：此題考生需要理解短文第二段第一、二句話：Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share it with anyone who will listen. On very short notice, TIME reporters came up with ……. 從這里可推知，記者們正是聽到了寵物主人的宣揚(yáng)才得知這些故事的。因此答案為：That the owners want others to share their stories.)
例(3) According to many parents, without TV, their children would like them to _____ .
(分析: 此題答案在短文首句中即可推斷出. Many parents who welcome the family arestill worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. 關(guān)鍵詞是without TV, be on call as entertainers,由此可知,孩子們是希望父母陪他們玩, 故答案為:play with their children.)
例(4)What comment did the author make about the highly successful people travelling with him?(1998年1月六級簡答題S1)
(分析:此題通過作者對細(xì)節(jié)的強(qiáng)調(diào)而知道作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn).
Atfer only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cop with the unpredictable and turns of the river. 句中"accustomed to being spoiled and indulged"是關(guān)鍵詞，它表有作者的評價。故答案為：They were used to being spoiled and idulged.)
(2)通過前后句以及上、下文內(nèi)在邏輯進(jìn)行推理。此類題一般針對主題思想、作者意圖而設(shè)計(jì)的。考生要注意首句、段尾句和表示轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系的一些詞，如：but, however, yet, in short, as, although, as a result, because, since, therefore, thus, so等。
例(1) Why does the author say Newton had unique sense of humour?
(分析：短文第一段先描寫了Newton似乎不知道該上哪兒找飛碟，但當(dāng)作者準(zhǔn)備去幫它時，"he would run invariably straight over the Frisbee, grab it and start running like mad, looking over his should with what looked suspiciously like a grin."從這前，后句可以看出Newton是在挑逗、欺騙作者。故答案為：Because Newton intended to deceive him.)
例(2)?。議at happeed to the New York knicks in the 1980s? (1998年1月六級簡答題S3)
（分析：此題答案需要從短文中關(guān)鍵一句才能推出。I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New Yourk Knicks, has recovered from years of the adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s. 句中： recovered from years of adversity "是關(guān)鍵詞，它暗示出該隊(duì)曾陷入困境，故答案為：It was in adversity.這需要從句子的內(nèi)在邏輯中才能推出。)
例(3) What spirit was encouraged in the reoped GM plant? (1998年1月六級簡答題S5)
(分析：此題需要理解全文的中心思想才能推導(dǎo)出。因?yàn)槿恼率侵v團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的重要性。最后一段通過事實(shí)圍繞此主題展開的，因此可知答案為：teamwork spirit。)
例(4)Exposure to all media is important and people sometimes tend to use more media if ____ (1998年6月六級簡答題S1)
(分析：此題從原文中直接找不到答案，它需要理解第一段中心大意及關(guān)鍵句子，且考生只能用自己語言來表達(dá)。首段主要講大眾媒體的重要性，然后用一句話點(diǎn)出：Our exposure to all media is important, however, because all of them contribute materials for the construction of that world in our heads. 考生只要理解了because 后面句子意思，就能準(zhǔn)確地補(bǔ)完題干條件句：if they want to know more about the world 。)
例(5) Many parents think that, instead of watching a lot of TV, their children should ______. (1999年1月六級簡答題題S2)
(分析：此題答案在第一段關(guān)鍵一句理解基礎(chǔ)上再作逆向思維即可推導(dǎo)出。They remember thinking up all sorts of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful, somehow. 此句意即父母們記得他們小時候總能想到許多事情去做的。但他們現(xiàn)在的孩子似乎不同，總覺得沒什么事做。這就表明，許多父母認(rèn)為，如果不去看電視，他們的孩子也應(yīng)該想出許多事做，故答案為：think up things to do.)
三、簡答題得高分基本原則
以上歸納了簡答命題傾向及解題技巧，考生掌握了這些知識后，還要注意以下幾個方面才能得到高分。
1、答案盡量用短語或詞組，句子要簡潔，一般都規(guī)定了不能超過10個單詞，多了要扣分。
2、盡量用短文中出現(xiàn)的詞組或短語，句子的用詞也應(yīng)以短文中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞為先。若非用自己的語言組織、表達(dá)不可，則注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的精煉、完整和時態(tài)的正確。
3、注意大小寫正確及書寫的工整。