英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作總結(jié).

字號(hào):

英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作總結(jié)!絕對(duì)管用!
    lisihua*細(xì)節(jié)支持句型
    1.A good case in point is
    2.Let us suppose that
    3.Just imagine what would be like if
    4.I can think of no better illustration than
    事實(shí)證明
    1. No one can deny the fact that
    2. There is strong evidence that
    3. You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth
    4. Gone are the days when
    5. One may not forget the old days
    數(shù)據(jù)引用
    1.……increased/decreased by x%
    2.……rose/dropped almost twice,compared with……
    3.……the percentage was……,-------x percent more than the 1990 level.
    4.There were a x percent decline this year,a drop of x percentage point from……
    5.The rate has reached an average of x percent
    6. It accounts for x percent of the total.
    7. After leveling off for 3 years,the rate starts rising once again
    承上闡述
    1. To understand the truth of……,it is important to see……
    2. To get a sense of how……,we must turn first to……
    3. A study of……will make this point clear.
    深入闡述
    1. But that’s only part of the story……
    2. Another equally important aspect is……
    3. ……may further be supported by……
    反面闡述
    1. Dispite the difficulty
    2. On the other hand
    3. Rather than
    觀點(diǎn)法
    1. Nothing is more dangerous than……
    2. Now people are beginning to realize
    3. Now there is a growing awaremess of ……
    4. We might marvel at the progress
    引用法
    “ “ How often we hear such words like those.
    比較法
    1. For years it had been viewed as……,but now……
    2. People used to think ……,but things are different……
    問(wèn)題法
    1. What do you think……?
    2. Why……?Many people pose the question like this.
    結(jié)尾句型:結(jié)論型
    1. From what has been discussed above,we may draw the conclusion that……
    2. The evidence upon all sides points to……
    3. In summary,it is important ……
    后果型
    1. We must search for a quick action,because if……
    2. Obviously,if we ignore the problem,it is likely……
    3. Any person who ignores the warning would……
    4. We need to take a second look at……,otherwise………
    號(hào)召性
    1. It might be time to take the warning……
    2. It is necessary that steps should be taken to……
    3. There is no doubt that attention must be paid to……
    4. Obviously,if we are to……,it is essential……
    建議性
    1. It is hoped that efforts be made……
    2. In short,we should……
    3. What we need is……
    4. It is high time…….Here are a few examples.
    5. While it can’t be solved immediately,still there are ways……
    6. Awarenese of the problem is the first step.
    方向性
    1. Many solutions are being offered here.
    2. There is no easy method,but……might be helpful.
    3. What will happen to ……?One thing is certain……
    4. We have done……,but we will achieve more if……
    5. The great challenge today is……
    意義性
    1. Following these methods may not……,but the pay-off might be worth the effort.
    2. We are now entering a new era which calls for……
    3. Anyhow,whether it is good or not ,one thing is certain……
    原因結(jié)果句型
    1. There are many reasons for……
    2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
    3. One may attribute the change to……
    4. One tends to view the trend as a response to……
    5. A number of factors could account for the success.
    6. These factors,coupled with the growth of……,lead to……
    另一原因
    1. Among the most important reason cited by people is
    2. Another important reason is……
    3. ……is also responsible for the change.
    4. Of course ,the growth is the not the sole reason for……
    5. We may blame,but the causes go far deeper.
    后果影響
    1. There are a number of effects.
    2. The effect is evident.
    3. It will exert a profound influence.
    4. The influence has not been confined to……
    5. It may give rise to a host of problems.
    比較對(duì)照句型
    1. When the advantages and disadvantages are weighed……
    2. Obviously,it has both negative effects and positive effects.
    3. Like anything else,it has it faults.
    4. But is it all good?when considering the drawbacks……
    大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),是件頭疼的事。說(shuō)老實(shí)話,要想掌握一種語(yǔ)言,在缺乏必要的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境的條件下,實(shí)在沒(méi)有什么捷徑可走。概括起來(lái),只有四個(gè)字:下苦功夫。學(xué)好英語(yǔ),一套科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)方法是必不可少的。由于個(gè)人實(shí)際情況不同,生搬硬套是行不通的。 但我相信:只要仔細(xì)體會(huì),逐漸摸索,人人都可以創(chuàng)造出一套有特色并且行之有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法。在這里,我同大家談?wù)勎以诖髮W(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試過(guò)程中的一些體會(huì),以供參考。
    一、 聽(tīng)力
    聽(tīng)力技巧的掌握以綜合英語(yǔ)水平為基礎(chǔ),這涉及到掌握的詞匯量、詞匯的熟練程度,閱讀能力等考試的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。我們只有在提高自己英語(yǔ)水平的各個(gè)方面的前提下才能更有效的提高聽(tīng)力成績(jī)。
    考生在聽(tīng)力方面的主要困惑是對(duì)詞匯讀音的熟悉程度,對(duì)語(yǔ)流的處理能力及抓重點(diǎn)詞匯,迅速理解的能力。對(duì)詞匯讀音不熟,造成很多考生在聽(tīng)時(shí),往往被一些單詞卡住,極力思索這些單詞時(shí),就無(wú)暇顧及后面的大段文字。語(yǔ)流即進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言表達(dá)時(shí),節(jié)奏的急緩有致和語(yǔ)調(diào)的高低起伏。聽(tīng)的重點(diǎn)是抓住音位高的重讀詞和朗讀略緩的部分。這些部分是重要信息,應(yīng)將主要精力放在這些地方。
    因此,考生復(fù)習(xí)、背單詞時(shí),不僅要掌握詞義,還要特別注意單詞發(fā)音。熟悉單詞讀音后,還要把每個(gè)詞放進(jìn)語(yǔ)流中去進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化。這就要多聽(tīng)一些對(duì)話和短文,來(lái)訓(xùn)練你在連貫語(yǔ)流面前的迅速反應(yīng)能力。建議考前不要聽(tīng)電影原聲、電視英語(yǔ)類與考試內(nèi)容、題材關(guān)系不大的聽(tīng)力材料,而是純粹以模擬試題作為訓(xùn)練材料,且不要貪多求快,務(wù)必保證扎實(shí)地聽(tīng)懂每套題。
    聽(tīng)力的重點(diǎn)在對(duì)話上,對(duì)話可分為數(shù)字與計(jì)算、索求提供、詢問(wèn)身份、原因與結(jié)果、計(jì)劃與行動(dòng)、內(nèi)涵與推理幾類??忌谧雎?tīng)力的過(guò)程中,要多留心這些題型,熟悉各類中常出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)與句式。
    在考試中:
    A、首先要做好心理準(zhǔn)備。緊張不利于理解,只有放松情緒,聽(tīng)覺(jué)器官才能對(duì)聲音信號(hào)作出敏感的反映,進(jìn)而提高思維理解能力。因此如果考前感到緊張,不妨做一下深呼吸或想些與考試無(wú)關(guān)的事情。這樣就很容易把精力集中起來(lái), 從而取得良好的聽(tīng)力效果。
    B、要力爭(zhēng)主動(dòng),帶著問(wèn)題聽(tīng)。四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力理解從開(kāi)始播放題頭音樂(lè)到正式開(kāi)始做題之前,大約有2分鐘的時(shí)間。因此,考生可充分利用這段時(shí)間去閱讀試卷上各題的選擇項(xiàng),盡量爭(zhēng)取在這2分鐘內(nèi)多看幾道題。這樣做的好處是:第一,可以判斷所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容,第二, 依據(jù)上下文有助于預(yù)測(cè)答案。這樣在聽(tīng)錄音的時(shí)候,我們就可以不免緊張,可以有針對(duì)性的去聽(tīng),尋找有效信息。正式開(kāi)始做題之后,要嚴(yán)格控制答題時(shí)間,根據(jù)自己聽(tīng)懂的內(nèi)容,盡快確定并標(biāo)出答案。倘若遇到難題,應(yīng)當(dāng)機(jī)立斷,不要在該題上花太多的時(shí)間。盡量余下幾秒再次瀏覽下一題的選擇項(xiàng)。通過(guò)再次瀏覽,考生基本上可以預(yù)測(cè)出所提問(wèn)題的大致方向,從而可使自己在聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中處于主動(dòng)地位處理好聽(tīng)與看的關(guān)系。聽(tīng)是正確理解的關(guān)鍵。當(dāng)做上一題余下的幾秒鐘內(nèi)看不完下一題的書(shū)面選擇項(xiàng)時(shí),則應(yīng)把注意力放在聽(tīng)上,而不要為了看而耽誤了聽(tīng)錄音的內(nèi)容。畢竟這是在進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力測(cè)試,如果聽(tīng)得清、記得準(zhǔn)的話,自然可以選擇出正確的答案。
    C、 快速瀏覽短文,預(yù)測(cè)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容。聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的短文一般在100-200字左右,共重復(fù)三遍??忌衫寐?tīng)指令前的空隙,略看一下短文,做到"有的放矢",這樣就不會(huì)措手不及,心慌意亂,影響正常水平的發(fā)揮了。
    D、沉著應(yīng)戰(zhàn)。在整個(gè)聽(tīng)音過(guò)程中,要注意思想集中。在聽(tīng)懂大意的基礎(chǔ)上,抓住所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容的主旨與有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。同時(shí)利用在預(yù)讀中得到的潛在信息、讀音手段等抓住重點(diǎn),并用自己熟悉的形式把關(guān)鍵信息、數(shù)字等迅速記錄下來(lái)。這時(shí)應(yīng)是耳眼并用,耳聽(tīng)錄音信息, 眼觀書(shū)面信息,邊聽(tīng)邊分析整理。遇到不會(huì)答的難題,果斷放棄,猜一個(gè)答案,然后集中精力做下一道題。要相信自己的能力,堅(jiān)信只要專心致志就一定能發(fā)揮出自己的實(shí)際水平。
    2. 語(yǔ)法與詞匯
    大家常常反映:此類題最難于復(fù)習(xí),它涉及的面太廣而分值又偏低。詞匯是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中最基本的部分, 很多同學(xué)在考試前強(qiáng)記四六級(jí)單詞, 但考試的結(jié)果往往不太理想。 事實(shí)上, 在考試中, 純粹考單詞的分值是不大的, 考生應(yīng)在平時(shí)的泛讀中注意單詞的理解, 建立一種模糊的概念, 這樣有利于提高閱讀理解部分的成績(jī), 可在的時(shí)間內(nèi)取得最理想的成績(jī), 因?yàn)閺?qiáng)背單詞是非常累的, 而在泛讀中淺移默化中樹(shù)立單詞的模糊概念則顯得比較輕松。復(fù)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵在于動(dòng)詞用法的掌握。如常考的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣等都是在動(dòng)詞上做文章。因此,動(dòng)詞的復(fù)習(xí)要求全面仔細(xì)。動(dòng)詞詞組,動(dòng)詞與形、副、名詞的搭配,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化等各方面都要顧及。
    復(fù)習(xí)中做這類題時(shí),選擇有充分、翔實(shí)的講解的書(shū),方便對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的理解、記憶。
    3. 閱讀
    閱讀理解在考級(jí)中可謂是“重頭戲”。其題型一般可分為主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、作者態(tài)度題、判別題及詞匯題。做閱讀理解,讀懂文章很重要;而要讀懂文章,首先要有耐性,要沉得住氣。開(kāi)始時(shí)讀不懂,可繼續(xù)往下讀,不要看見(jiàn)生詞就發(fā)抖——其實(shí),許多生詞并不妨礙對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解。許多詞匯題即取自這些生詞,而這些生詞在上下文中肯定存在解釋,且所考的一般不會(huì)是其本義或常見(jiàn)義。所以不要把大量時(shí)間花費(fèi)在個(gè)別生詞上,個(gè)別較長(zhǎng)較復(fù)雜的句子可先找出框架,著重放在綜合理解上,否則影響全篇理解。
    在考前的閱讀訓(xùn)練中,也要注意訓(xùn)練速度,且要速度、質(zhì)量兼顧。平時(shí)大量的閱讀對(duì)提高閱讀水平是完全必要的。
    4. 寫(xiě)作
    掌握寫(xiě)作技巧的關(guān)鍵在平時(shí)筆頭的積累。平時(shí)可多儲(chǔ)備一些不同題材的提綱,寫(xiě)作時(shí)就可信手拈來(lái)。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意,詞語(yǔ)的使用應(yīng)求變,忌重復(fù)。句式也不要拘泥于簡(jiǎn)單句。論述時(shí)通過(guò)正反兩方面的對(duì)比論證,可以使文章內(nèi)容更豐滿。一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)的添加和句式轉(zhuǎn)換,可加強(qiáng)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)性。寫(xiě)作時(shí)更要盡量避免犯一些低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤,如拼寫(xiě)、時(shí)態(tài)、名詞復(fù)數(shù)、人稱變化等。臨場(chǎng)注意事項(xiàng) :
    放松情緒,消除恐懼感,必要時(shí)可借助深呼吸來(lái)緩解緊張的心情。如試卷一、二(作文在試卷2上)同時(shí)發(fā)下來(lái),應(yīng)在做完聽(tīng)力部分后,迅速地看一下作文題,讓其在大腦中留有一席之地,這樣便于在做詞匯、閱讀時(shí)隨時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)寫(xiě)作可借用的詞匯、例子、句型等相關(guān)內(nèi)容,而不致于在本來(lái)較短的寫(xiě)作時(shí)間內(nèi),大腦一片空白,無(wú)從下手。一定要認(rèn)真審題,弄清文章及各段主題,實(shí)現(xiàn)由提綱到主題句的轉(zhuǎn)換。打草稿:擺事實(shí),理清思路,從易于表達(dá),且論證豐富的觀點(diǎn)入手,不局限于一種看法,一種表達(dá)法或一種句式。具體寫(xiě)作時(shí)分段來(lái)寫(xiě),各段之間空二至三行,以利于隨時(shí)增減或刪改。而且字跡要工整,卷面要保持清潔,給評(píng)卷人一個(gè)好印象。寫(xiě)完后仔細(xì)檢查作文中用詞、句法方面有無(wú)不準(zhǔn)確的地方;句式有無(wú)變化;句與句之間,段與段之間有無(wú)合適的連接及過(guò)渡等。