語法釋疑之分詞(一)

（一）大家都知道英文的動詞(verb)不像中文那般單純。比如說"幫助"一詞，雖可做動詞，也可做名詞用；可是就沒有時間性。而英文動詞的變化可就多了，它可變成名詞、形容詞、副詞等，而且還有所謂"Tenses"(時態(tài)）。比如"help"，就有下列各種時態(tài)：
    Simple Present 現(xiàn)在時態(tài) -- help, helps
    Simple Past　　過去時態(tài) -- helped
    Simple Future　將來時態(tài) -- shall help, will help ...
    Present Continuous 現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài) -- be helping
    Present Perfect　　現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài) -- have helped, has helped...
    Present Perfect Continuous 現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài) -- have been helped...
    Past Continuous 過去進行時態(tài) -- was helping...
    Past Perfect　　過去完成時態(tài) -- had helped...
    Past Perfect Continuous 過去完成進行時態(tài) -- had been helping...
    Future Continuous 將來進行時態(tài) -- shall be helping...
    Future Perfect　　將來完成時態(tài) -- shall have helped...
    Future Perfect Continuous 將來完成進行時態(tài) -- shall have been helping...
    Present Participle 現(xiàn)在式分詞 -- helping
    Past Participle　　過去式分詞 -- helped
    Perfect Participle 完成式分詞 -- having helped...
    實際上，上面所舉的那個help，看來只有下列幾種"變形"而已：
    help,　helping,　helped
    但是好多動詞它的Past和Perfect時態(tài)的拼寫法就不太相同，如：
    write: wrote(Past),　written(Perfect)
    sing:　sang(Past),　 sung(Perfect)
    而有些動詞則"始終如一"，各種時態(tài)(除了各類進行式)都是一樣的拼寫，如：
    cut,hit, hurt, let, put, read, shut ...
    上面所談都是一些動詞的基礎(chǔ)知識。言歸正傳，基本上分詞分為下列兩種(第三種的Perfect Participle拼入　　Past Participle)：
    1.　現(xiàn)在式分詞(Present Participle)
    2.　過去式分詞（Past Participle)
    注意：過去式分詞所用的動詞都屬于"完成時態(tài)"（Perfect)。