答案及解析：來(lái)源：考試大
文章標(biāo)題分析： Don’t count on Dung來(lái)源：考試大
Conservationists may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers．（觀點(diǎn)句） The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung the creatures leave behind．
根據(jù)“Threatened animals”的出現(xiàn)推測(cè)文章可能與“生存受到威脅的動(dòng)物”有關(guān)，猜測(cè)文章也是與自然環(huán)境（動(dòng)物保護(hù)）有關(guān)。
直接解題：來(lái)源：考試大
1．The word “threatened” in the first paragraph could be best replaced by ___．
A．endangered
B．frightened
C．died
D．a(chǎn)ngered
1．A。分析：根據(jù)常識(shí)（環(huán)境保護(hù)，動(dòng)物保護(hù)）是常見主題，所以推測(cè)A（有危險(xiǎn)的）是答案。 也可以借助原文，文章最后的句子：Plumptre says that similar problems may also plague(使苦惱) other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows． 該句提到“對(duì)其他動(dòng)物數(shù)量的調(diào)查研究”，因此可以肯定的判斷文章應(yīng)該與動(dòng)物保護(hù)有關(guān)，因此“threatened animals應(yīng)該是“生存受到威脅的動(dòng)物”。
提示：需要確認(rèn)文章主題/中心可以從文章開頭或/和結(jié)尾處找到相關(guān)信息。
3． Piles of dung can’t be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers because ___．
A．they are different in size．
B．They scatter all over the region
C．They are different in the rate of decay
D．They are different in quality來(lái)源：考試大
3 C。分析：?jiǎn)栴}說(shuō)“不能憑借糞的堆數(shù)（來(lái)確認(rèn)大象數(shù)目）”，注意文章中相關(guān)的句子，這樣在上一題的答案相關(guān)句后不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)“decay”這個(gè)詞，推測(cè)C是答案。相關(guān)句內(nèi)容：They also need to know the rate at which dung decays． Because it’s extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers tallying(計(jì)算) elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere．這些句子在內(nèi)容上提到“科學(xué)家需要知道糞便的腐爛速度，需要依靠在其他任何地方都被認(rèn)可的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腐爛速度”，因此判斷C是答案。
4．When researchers carry out a dung-pile census, according to Plumptre, the area selected should be ___
A．a(chǎn) small one來(lái)源：考試大
B．a(chǎn) protected one
C．a(chǎn) monitored one來(lái)源：考試大
D．so large that elephants can’t move in and out of it freely
4． D。分析：利用題干中提到的“area”作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants’ natural range． The usual technique of monitoring only small and protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of monitoring region, he says． (劃線句大意是“通常采用的監(jiān)控小面積的，受到保護(hù)的地區(qū)的做法會(huì)使大象的數(shù)字變的不真實(shí)”)，借助該句內(nèi)容對(duì)比被選項(xiàng)判斷D是答案。
提示：“避重就輕”法。
5． All of the following are indirect evidence EXCEPT
A．trunks
B．dung
C．nests
D．burrows
5．分析：利用被選項(xiàng)中的詞語(yǔ)作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)涉及到這些詞語(yǔ)的句子： Plumptre says that similar problems may also plague(使苦惱) other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows．再結(jié)合對(duì)文章的理解：dung也是間接大象數(shù)目確認(rèn)的證據(jù)，因此判斷A是答案。
文章標(biāo)題分析： Don’t count on Dung來(lái)源：考試大
Conservationists may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers．（觀點(diǎn)句） The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung the creatures leave behind．
根據(jù)“Threatened animals”的出現(xiàn)推測(cè)文章可能與“生存受到威脅的動(dòng)物”有關(guān)，猜測(cè)文章也是與自然環(huán)境（動(dòng)物保護(hù)）有關(guān)。
直接解題：來(lái)源：考試大
1．The word “threatened” in the first paragraph could be best replaced by ___．
A．endangered
B．frightened
C．died
D．a(chǎn)ngered
1．A。分析：根據(jù)常識(shí)（環(huán)境保護(hù)，動(dòng)物保護(hù)）是常見主題，所以推測(cè)A（有危險(xiǎn)的）是答案。 也可以借助原文，文章最后的句子：Plumptre says that similar problems may also plague(使苦惱) other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows． 該句提到“對(duì)其他動(dòng)物數(shù)量的調(diào)查研究”，因此可以肯定的判斷文章應(yīng)該與動(dòng)物保護(hù)有關(guān)，因此“threatened animals應(yīng)該是“生存受到威脅的動(dòng)物”。
提示：需要確認(rèn)文章主題/中心可以從文章開頭或/和結(jié)尾處找到相關(guān)信息。
3． Piles of dung can’t be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers because ___．
A．they are different in size．
B．They scatter all over the region
C．They are different in the rate of decay
D．They are different in quality來(lái)源：考試大
3 C。分析：?jiǎn)栴}說(shuō)“不能憑借糞的堆數(shù)（來(lái)確認(rèn)大象數(shù)目）”，注意文章中相關(guān)的句子，這樣在上一題的答案相關(guān)句后不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)“decay”這個(gè)詞，推測(cè)C是答案。相關(guān)句內(nèi)容：They also need to know the rate at which dung decays． Because it’s extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers tallying(計(jì)算) elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere．這些句子在內(nèi)容上提到“科學(xué)家需要知道糞便的腐爛速度，需要依靠在其他任何地方都被認(rèn)可的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腐爛速度”，因此判斷C是答案。
4．When researchers carry out a dung-pile census, according to Plumptre, the area selected should be ___
A．a(chǎn) small one來(lái)源：考試大
B．a(chǎn) protected one
C．a(chǎn) monitored one來(lái)源：考試大
D．so large that elephants can’t move in and out of it freely
4． D。分析：利用題干中提到的“area”作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants’ natural range． The usual technique of monitoring only small and protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of monitoring region, he says． (劃線句大意是“通常采用的監(jiān)控小面積的，受到保護(hù)的地區(qū)的做法會(huì)使大象的數(shù)字變的不真實(shí)”)，借助該句內(nèi)容對(duì)比被選項(xiàng)判斷D是答案。
提示：“避重就輕”法。
5． All of the following are indirect evidence EXCEPT
A．trunks
B．dung
C．nests
D．burrows
5．分析：利用被選項(xiàng)中的詞語(yǔ)作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)涉及到這些詞語(yǔ)的句子： Plumptre says that similar problems may also plague(使苦惱) other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows．再結(jié)合對(duì)文章的理解：dung也是間接大象數(shù)目確認(rèn)的證據(jù)，因此判斷A是答案。