文章詳解:
1. 首先解讀標(biāo)題:Electric(這是理工類閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的單詞,因此含義要記?。弘娮拥模〣ackpack(合成詞:back是后背的意思,pack是包、包裹的意思,因此backpack就是背包。)背包是大家日常生活中很熟悉的東西,但電子背包沒聽說(shuō)過(guò)。帶著一份好奇,通讀一遍原文,大致了解,電子書包除了大家知道的普通功能之外,科學(xué)家還打算讓它具有更多更新的功能。雖然現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上還買不到,但總有一天會(huì)走進(jìn)我們的生活,為我們帶來(lái)更多便利的。
2.接下來(lái),在正式看文章每句話之前,先瀏覽所設(shè)置的問(wèn)題,這樣一方面可以更清楚地了解文章的脈絡(luò),另一方面一會(huì)兒精讀時(shí),也比較容易在相關(guān)段落找到答案。通過(guò)看五個(gè)問(wèn)題,我們知道,它們的答案就出現(xiàn)在文章相應(yīng)的五個(gè)段落里,而且以細(xì)節(jié)題居多。所以,我們就看一題,針對(duì)性地精讀一段。先看問(wèn)題1:
1. Backpacks are convenient because___________.
A) They can be very large他們能夠非常大
B) They can hold as many things as you want to carry.你想帶多少東西,背包就能裝多少東西
C) Your hands are freed to do other things.你的雙手能夠被解放出來(lái)干其它事情
D) You do not have to carry things with you. 你不用隨身攜帶東西了。
題目的意思是:背包很方便,是因?yàn)?。。。。?biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)題形式:
文章一開頭,就提到Backpacks(背包) are convenient.所以,我們一起把第一段讀完:They can hold(裝) your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes(換洗衣服), leaving (留著)your hands free (自由的、空閑的)to do other things. Someday(有朝一日), if(如果) you don’t mind carrying (介意做某事,一般用mind doing sth)a heavy load(很重的東西), your backpacks might also power(動(dòng)詞,給。。。提供電能) your MP3 player(MP3播放機(jī)), keep(使) your cell phone (手機(jī))running(運(yùn)行、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)), and maybe even light(照亮) your way home(你回家的路).
看到這里,問(wèn)題應(yīng)該有答案了,就是因?yàn)镃。而其它三個(gè)答案,根本就沒出現(xiàn)在段落里。
3.看第二題:
2. What is the most important feature (特點(diǎn)、特征)of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),被。。。所發(fā)明的背包)?
A) It produces electricity for electronic devices(設(shè)施) while the wearer walks.
當(dāng)背著它的人在行走時(shí),它能為電子設(shè)施產(chǎn)生電流。
B) It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.
在軍事行動(dòng)中或在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究中,它能被用作手機(jī)電話、全球定位系統(tǒng)。
C) It is small and convenient. 它又小又方便。
D) It is light and easy to carry. 它輕而且容易攜帶。
題目的意思:由Lawrence和他的同事所發(fā)明的背包重要的特征是什么?這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。一起讀第二段:
Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues(同事們) from(來(lái)自于) the University of Pennsylvania(賓西法尼亞大學(xué)) in Philadelphia(費(fèi)城[美國(guó)賓夕法尼亞州東南部港市]) and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole(美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州的一個(gè)漁村,也是許多重要研究機(jī)構(gòu)所在地), Mass(Massachusetts 的縮寫:馬薩諸塞州,美國(guó)東北部的一個(gè)州。)have invented(發(fā)明) a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced(定語(yǔ)從句,意思是:背包能夠通過(guò)被產(chǎn)生的能量而發(fā)電) while its wearer walks. In military actions(在軍事行動(dòng)中), search-and-rescue(搜救) operations(行動(dòng)), and scientific field studies(科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究), people increasingly(越來(lái)越)rely on (依賴)cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)(全球定位系統(tǒng)) receivers(接收機(jī)), night-vision goggles(夜視鏡), and other(其它的) battery-powered(以電池為動(dòng)力的) devices(設(shè)施) to get around(四處活動(dòng)) and do their work.. The backpack’s electricity-generating(發(fā)電的,復(fù)合形容詞,來(lái)自于:generate electricity) feature could dramatically(極大地, 同義詞:greatly) reduce(減少) the amount (數(shù)量)of a wearer’s load(負(fù)重、重量) now devoted to(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),修飾load,表示被用于。。。) spare batteries(備用電池)(這句話的意思是:背包的發(fā)電的特征能夠大大地減少過(guò)去用于攜帶備用電池所增加的重量), report(報(bào)告) Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science(科學(xué)雜志,是國(guó)際上的自然科學(xué)綜合類學(xué)術(shù)期刊,當(dāng)年愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論就發(fā)表其上。).
通過(guò)對(duì)這一段的學(xué)習(xí),我們知道了這種背包重要的特性就是:當(dāng)背上它的人一邊走就會(huì)一邊產(chǎn)生電能。所以答案為A。
4.讓我們繼續(xù)看第三題:
3. The word “springs” in Paragraph 3 means ____________.
A) a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.一小股自然流淌的水流(泉水)
B) the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.一年中的一個(gè)季節(jié),介于冬季和夏季之間(春天)
C) the act or an instance of jumping or leaping. 突然跳起來(lái)(蹦)
D) a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed. 來(lái)回繞的一段金屬,在被擠壓后能回復(fù)它的原形(彈簧)
這種題型屬于曾經(jīng)介紹過(guò)的單詞釋義題,通常所面對(duì)的詞匯是多義詞,但要通過(guò)它出現(xiàn)的上下文,猜測(cè)出它的含義。Spring當(dāng)動(dòng)詞時(shí),意思是蹦、躍起;當(dāng)名詞講,是泉水、彈簧、發(fā)條、春天等。讓我們看看文章里含有該詞的句子:
The backpack’s electricity-creating(產(chǎn)生的) powers (能量)depend on springs used(被用來(lái)) to hang(掛) a cloth pack(布包) from its metal frame(金屬框架).
所以,可以推斷spring只能當(dāng)彈簧講,因此答案是D。
The frame sits(擱、放) against (倚、靠)the wearer’s back, and the whole pack(包) moves up and down(上下移動(dòng)) as(當(dāng)) the person walks. A gear ()mechanism(機(jī)械裝置) converts(轉(zhuǎn)化) vertical(垂直的) movements of the pack to rotary (旋轉(zhuǎn)的)motions(運(yùn)動(dòng)) of an electrical generator(電子發(fā)電機(jī)), producing up to(多達(dá)) 7.4 watts(瓦,電功率單位).
5.第四題:考試大(www.Examda。com)
4. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?
A) To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.為了使背包對(duì)于背的人來(lái)說(shuō)更舒適
B) To put the backpack on the market. 為了把背包推向市場(chǎng)
C) To test the advantage of the backpack. 為了檢測(cè)背包的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
D) To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.為了在報(bào)紙上或電視上促銷背包。
題目的意思是;根據(jù)第四段,羅馬計(jì)劃要做什么?又是細(xì)節(jié)題。
Unexpectedly(出人意料的是), tests (實(shí)驗(yàn))showed that wearers of the new backpack alter(同義詞change, 改變)their gaits(步態(tài),步法) in response to(響應(yīng)、配合)the pack’s oscillations(擺動(dòng)) so that (引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“為了”)they carry(攜帶) loads(重物、重量) more comfortably and with less effort(更少的力量) than they do ordinary(普通的) backpacks. Because of that surprising(令人吃驚的) advantage(優(yōu)點(diǎn)、優(yōu)勢(shì)), Rome plans(動(dòng)詞,計(jì)劃) to commercialize(使。。。商業(yè)化) both electric(電子的) and non-electric(非電子的) versions (種類)of the backpack.
后一句是答案的出處,即Rome計(jì)劃將這種背包商業(yè)化,即,推向市場(chǎng)。
所以,答案是B。考試大(www.Examda。com)
6.看后一個(gè)問(wèn)題:
5. What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!”
A) You will be too excited to watch the traffic. 你會(huì)太興奮以至于不注意來(lái)往車輛。
B) Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.
一邊走一邊享受電子設(shè)施有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致意外。
C) It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.你不可能得到這樣一個(gè)背包。
D) It is wise of you to have such a backpack. 擁有這樣一個(gè)背包對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是明智的。
題目的意思是:“如果你終于得到這樣的背包,過(guò)馬路時(shí)一定要兩面都看看?!边@句話根據(jù)提問(wèn)方式是推理題:即,根據(jù)文章已有的信息或文章的含義進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié);或推斷文章的引申、暗示的含義;
我們一起看后一段:
The backpack could be especially(尤其) useful(有用的) for soldiers(士兵), scientists, mountaineers(登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員), and emergency workers (對(duì)緊急情況進(jìn)行處理的工作人員)who typically(特別地、獨(dú)特地) carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us(對(duì)于我們其余人而言), power-generating backpacks could make it (形式賓語(yǔ))possible to walk, play video games(玩游戲), watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time(同時(shí)間進(jìn)行). Electricity-generating packs aren’t on the market (還沒有出現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上)yet, but 5>.if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!
我們也知道,凡事既有利又有弊。通過(guò)讀這篇文章,我們知道電子背包有很多的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但當(dāng)我們一邊走路,一邊玩著游戲、聽著音樂、看著電視,就有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致交通意外的發(fā)生。所以答案就是B。
小結(jié):至此為止,這篇文章我就已經(jīng)順利完成了。后我總結(jié)一下做閱讀的需要注意的地方:
首先,不要怕文章長(zhǎng),單詞多。偏離大綱的詞匯一般會(huì)給出注解。
其次,拿到一篇文章不要著急做題,借助標(biāo)題,很快將文章瀏覽一遍;
第三,文章看過(guò),一般應(yīng)先看后面題目,如果是細(xì)節(jié)題一般按照文章段落的先后順序解答比較好;若是主旨題,就要在對(duì)全文有了理解的基礎(chǔ)之上再解題。
第四,解題時(shí)要將題目看清,千萬(wàn)別粗心大意,否則就一失足成千古恨。如:題干中的NOT, EXCEPT, BESIDES等字眼一定看明白,必要時(shí)可用筆作出記號(hào)時(shí)刻提醒你要小心。
第五,如果我們上課講過(guò)的文章出現(xiàn)在考卷上仍要特別注意,文章是原文但題目會(huì)小變甚至?xí)婺咳?,一定不要背答案,要看懂題目。我們說(shuō)只要文章弄清楚了,無(wú)論題目怎么變化,都是在原文的基礎(chǔ)之上的。
后,平時(shí)做閱讀題建議一口氣做完,好能有個(gè)時(shí)間的概念。
1. 首先解讀標(biāo)題:Electric(這是理工類閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的單詞,因此含義要記?。弘娮拥模〣ackpack(合成詞:back是后背的意思,pack是包、包裹的意思,因此backpack就是背包。)背包是大家日常生活中很熟悉的東西,但電子背包沒聽說(shuō)過(guò)。帶著一份好奇,通讀一遍原文,大致了解,電子書包除了大家知道的普通功能之外,科學(xué)家還打算讓它具有更多更新的功能。雖然現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上還買不到,但總有一天會(huì)走進(jìn)我們的生活,為我們帶來(lái)更多便利的。
2.接下來(lái),在正式看文章每句話之前,先瀏覽所設(shè)置的問(wèn)題,這樣一方面可以更清楚地了解文章的脈絡(luò),另一方面一會(huì)兒精讀時(shí),也比較容易在相關(guān)段落找到答案。通過(guò)看五個(gè)問(wèn)題,我們知道,它們的答案就出現(xiàn)在文章相應(yīng)的五個(gè)段落里,而且以細(xì)節(jié)題居多。所以,我們就看一題,針對(duì)性地精讀一段。先看問(wèn)題1:
1. Backpacks are convenient because___________.
A) They can be very large他們能夠非常大
B) They can hold as many things as you want to carry.你想帶多少東西,背包就能裝多少東西
C) Your hands are freed to do other things.你的雙手能夠被解放出來(lái)干其它事情
D) You do not have to carry things with you. 你不用隨身攜帶東西了。
題目的意思是:背包很方便,是因?yàn)?。。。。?biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)題形式:
文章一開頭,就提到Backpacks(背包) are convenient.所以,我們一起把第一段讀完:They can hold(裝) your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes(換洗衣服), leaving (留著)your hands free (自由的、空閑的)to do other things. Someday(有朝一日), if(如果) you don’t mind carrying (介意做某事,一般用mind doing sth)a heavy load(很重的東西), your backpacks might also power(動(dòng)詞,給。。。提供電能) your MP3 player(MP3播放機(jī)), keep(使) your cell phone (手機(jī))running(運(yùn)行、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)), and maybe even light(照亮) your way home(你回家的路).
看到這里,問(wèn)題應(yīng)該有答案了,就是因?yàn)镃。而其它三個(gè)答案,根本就沒出現(xiàn)在段落里。
3.看第二題:
2. What is the most important feature (特點(diǎn)、特征)of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),被。。。所發(fā)明的背包)?
A) It produces electricity for electronic devices(設(shè)施) while the wearer walks.
當(dāng)背著它的人在行走時(shí),它能為電子設(shè)施產(chǎn)生電流。
B) It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.
在軍事行動(dòng)中或在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究中,它能被用作手機(jī)電話、全球定位系統(tǒng)。
C) It is small and convenient. 它又小又方便。
D) It is light and easy to carry. 它輕而且容易攜帶。
題目的意思:由Lawrence和他的同事所發(fā)明的背包重要的特征是什么?這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。一起讀第二段:
Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues(同事們) from(來(lái)自于) the University of Pennsylvania(賓西法尼亞大學(xué)) in Philadelphia(費(fèi)城[美國(guó)賓夕法尼亞州東南部港市]) and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole(美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州的一個(gè)漁村,也是許多重要研究機(jī)構(gòu)所在地), Mass(Massachusetts 的縮寫:馬薩諸塞州,美國(guó)東北部的一個(gè)州。)have invented(發(fā)明) a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced(定語(yǔ)從句,意思是:背包能夠通過(guò)被產(chǎn)生的能量而發(fā)電) while its wearer walks. In military actions(在軍事行動(dòng)中), search-and-rescue(搜救) operations(行動(dòng)), and scientific field studies(科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究), people increasingly(越來(lái)越)rely on (依賴)cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)(全球定位系統(tǒng)) receivers(接收機(jī)), night-vision goggles(夜視鏡), and other(其它的) battery-powered(以電池為動(dòng)力的) devices(設(shè)施) to get around(四處活動(dòng)) and do their work.. The backpack’s electricity-generating(發(fā)電的,復(fù)合形容詞,來(lái)自于:generate electricity) feature could dramatically(極大地, 同義詞:greatly) reduce(減少) the amount (數(shù)量)of a wearer’s load(負(fù)重、重量) now devoted to(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),修飾load,表示被用于。。。) spare batteries(備用電池)(這句話的意思是:背包的發(fā)電的特征能夠大大地減少過(guò)去用于攜帶備用電池所增加的重量), report(報(bào)告) Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science(科學(xué)雜志,是國(guó)際上的自然科學(xué)綜合類學(xué)術(shù)期刊,當(dāng)年愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論就發(fā)表其上。).
通過(guò)對(duì)這一段的學(xué)習(xí),我們知道了這種背包重要的特性就是:當(dāng)背上它的人一邊走就會(huì)一邊產(chǎn)生電能。所以答案為A。
4.讓我們繼續(xù)看第三題:
3. The word “springs” in Paragraph 3 means ____________.
A) a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.一小股自然流淌的水流(泉水)
B) the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.一年中的一個(gè)季節(jié),介于冬季和夏季之間(春天)
C) the act or an instance of jumping or leaping. 突然跳起來(lái)(蹦)
D) a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed. 來(lái)回繞的一段金屬,在被擠壓后能回復(fù)它的原形(彈簧)
這種題型屬于曾經(jīng)介紹過(guò)的單詞釋義題,通常所面對(duì)的詞匯是多義詞,但要通過(guò)它出現(xiàn)的上下文,猜測(cè)出它的含義。Spring當(dāng)動(dòng)詞時(shí),意思是蹦、躍起;當(dāng)名詞講,是泉水、彈簧、發(fā)條、春天等。讓我們看看文章里含有該詞的句子:
The backpack’s electricity-creating(產(chǎn)生的) powers (能量)depend on springs used(被用來(lái)) to hang(掛) a cloth pack(布包) from its metal frame(金屬框架).
所以,可以推斷spring只能當(dāng)彈簧講,因此答案是D。
The frame sits(擱、放) against (倚、靠)the wearer’s back, and the whole pack(包) moves up and down(上下移動(dòng)) as(當(dāng)) the person walks. A gear ()mechanism(機(jī)械裝置) converts(轉(zhuǎn)化) vertical(垂直的) movements of the pack to rotary (旋轉(zhuǎn)的)motions(運(yùn)動(dòng)) of an electrical generator(電子發(fā)電機(jī)), producing up to(多達(dá)) 7.4 watts(瓦,電功率單位).
5.第四題:考試大(www.Examda。com)
4. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?
A) To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.為了使背包對(duì)于背的人來(lái)說(shuō)更舒適
B) To put the backpack on the market. 為了把背包推向市場(chǎng)
C) To test the advantage of the backpack. 為了檢測(cè)背包的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
D) To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.為了在報(bào)紙上或電視上促銷背包。
題目的意思是;根據(jù)第四段,羅馬計(jì)劃要做什么?又是細(xì)節(jié)題。
Unexpectedly(出人意料的是), tests (實(shí)驗(yàn))showed that wearers of the new backpack alter(同義詞change, 改變)their gaits(步態(tài),步法) in response to(響應(yīng)、配合)the pack’s oscillations(擺動(dòng)) so that (引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“為了”)they carry(攜帶) loads(重物、重量) more comfortably and with less effort(更少的力量) than they do ordinary(普通的) backpacks. Because of that surprising(令人吃驚的) advantage(優(yōu)點(diǎn)、優(yōu)勢(shì)), Rome plans(動(dòng)詞,計(jì)劃) to commercialize(使。。。商業(yè)化) both electric(電子的) and non-electric(非電子的) versions (種類)of the backpack.
后一句是答案的出處,即Rome計(jì)劃將這種背包商業(yè)化,即,推向市場(chǎng)。
所以,答案是B。考試大(www.Examda。com)
6.看后一個(gè)問(wèn)題:
5. What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!”
A) You will be too excited to watch the traffic. 你會(huì)太興奮以至于不注意來(lái)往車輛。
B) Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.
一邊走一邊享受電子設(shè)施有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致意外。
C) It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.你不可能得到這樣一個(gè)背包。
D) It is wise of you to have such a backpack. 擁有這樣一個(gè)背包對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是明智的。
題目的意思是:“如果你終于得到這樣的背包,過(guò)馬路時(shí)一定要兩面都看看?!边@句話根據(jù)提問(wèn)方式是推理題:即,根據(jù)文章已有的信息或文章的含義進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié);或推斷文章的引申、暗示的含義;
我們一起看后一段:
The backpack could be especially(尤其) useful(有用的) for soldiers(士兵), scientists, mountaineers(登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員), and emergency workers (對(duì)緊急情況進(jìn)行處理的工作人員)who typically(特別地、獨(dú)特地) carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us(對(duì)于我們其余人而言), power-generating backpacks could make it (形式賓語(yǔ))possible to walk, play video games(玩游戲), watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time(同時(shí)間進(jìn)行). Electricity-generating packs aren’t on the market (還沒有出現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上)yet, but 5>.if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!
我們也知道,凡事既有利又有弊。通過(guò)讀這篇文章,我們知道電子背包有很多的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但當(dāng)我們一邊走路,一邊玩著游戲、聽著音樂、看著電視,就有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致交通意外的發(fā)生。所以答案就是B。
小結(jié):至此為止,這篇文章我就已經(jīng)順利完成了。后我總結(jié)一下做閱讀的需要注意的地方:
首先,不要怕文章長(zhǎng),單詞多。偏離大綱的詞匯一般會(huì)給出注解。
其次,拿到一篇文章不要著急做題,借助標(biāo)題,很快將文章瀏覽一遍;
第三,文章看過(guò),一般應(yīng)先看后面題目,如果是細(xì)節(jié)題一般按照文章段落的先后順序解答比較好;若是主旨題,就要在對(duì)全文有了理解的基礎(chǔ)之上再解題。
第四,解題時(shí)要將題目看清,千萬(wàn)別粗心大意,否則就一失足成千古恨。如:題干中的NOT, EXCEPT, BESIDES等字眼一定看明白,必要時(shí)可用筆作出記號(hào)時(shí)刻提醒你要小心。
第五,如果我們上課講過(guò)的文章出現(xiàn)在考卷上仍要特別注意,文章是原文但題目會(huì)小變甚至?xí)婺咳?,一定不要背答案,要看懂題目。我們說(shuō)只要文章弄清楚了,無(wú)論題目怎么變化,都是在原文的基礎(chǔ)之上的。
后,平時(shí)做閱讀題建議一口氣做完,好能有個(gè)時(shí)間的概念。