【New words and expressions】（11）
send v. 寄，送
postcard n. 明信片
spoil v. 使索然無味，損壞
museum n. 博物館
public adj. 公共的
friendly adj. 友好的
waiter n. 服務員，招待員
lend v. 借給
decision n. 決定
whole adj. 整個的
single adj. 的，單一的
★send v. 寄, 送
send a letter 寄信
send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 給某人送（寄）什么東西
send/take children to school：take強調(diào)某人親自送；send則是通過第三人去送, 如美國的校車
take flowers to his wife 自己送
send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送
★postcard n. 明信片
兩個爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
name card /visiting card 名片
Here is my name card. (口語常用, 同時伴隨著遞出的動作)
ID card 身份證 （ID 身份）
credit card 信用卡
cash card 現(xiàn)金卡, 儲蓄卡, 工資卡(不能透支的那種)
★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然無味, 損壞
① vt. 弄壞，損壞，糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend. 這不幸的消息使我們沒能過好周末。
The rain spoiled the school sports. 這場雨把學校運動會弄得一團糟。
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my holiday.
② vt. 寵壞，慣壞，溺愛
Don’t spoil your children. 不能太慣孩子。
His parents spoiled the boy.
spoil: 把東西的質(zhì)量變得不好; 生活中不順心的事;寵壞, 溺愛
break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破壞, 程度不一定很重
destroy : 破壞, 徹底摧毀
以上三個是指物理上的破壞, 而spoil主要指精神上的
★museum n. 博物館
Palace Museum 故宮
★public adj. 公共的
① adj. 公共的，公眾的，社會的
There is a public library in this town.
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
② adj. 公開的，眾人皆知的
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他們的秘密會晤20年以后才被公開。
public house（酒吧）簡稱pub
public place 公共場所
in public 公開的；in private 私下里的
Let’s have a conversation in private. 讓我們私下談談?
Why not have a conversation in public? 為什么不公開談呢?(當面說呢?)
③ n. 公眾，群眾，大眾
The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公眾對他的解釋很滿意。
The museum is open to the public on Sunday.
★friendly adj. 友好的
friendly是形容詞，單獨使用時一般做定語；作為狀語表示這個人做什么事情很友好, 用短語in a friendly way
He is not very friendly to John.
She gave me a friendly greeting.
He always greets me in a friendly way.
以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly
★waiter n. 服務員, 招待員
waiter(男服務員), waitress(女服務員), 只出現(xiàn)在餐館里
chief waiter 領班
I want to see the chief waiter. 我要見你們的領班。
shop assistant 商店里的店員
attendant n. （其他公共場所的）服務員
★lend v. 借給
lend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.
borrow from（借進）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.）
He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.
★decision n. 決定
make /take a decision作出決定
It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.
Are you made/taken a decision?
make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：偉大, 更重大)
decide v. 決定
★whole adj. 整個的
a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
the whole…，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整兩星期
all th…，all the day (the可省略) 整天
all of后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the
all of us；all of the students
★single adj. 的, 單一的
反義詞 : double 雙倍的
【Text】
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
參考譯文：
明信片總攪得我假日不得安寧. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我參觀了博物館, 還去了公園. 一位好客的服務員教了我?guī)拙湟獯罄Z, 之后還借給我一本書. 我讀了幾行, 但一個字也不懂. 我每天都想著明信片的事. 假期過得真快, 可我還沒有給我的朋友們寄過一張明信片. 到了后一天, 我作出了一項重大決定. 我早早起了床, 買來了37張明信片. 我在房間里關(guān)了整整一天. 然而竟連一張明信片也沒寫成!
【課文講解】
1、Last summer, I went to Italy.
last：
① adj. 上一個
last summer里的last表示 “上一個”
② adj. 后一個，表示“后一個”時要加冠詞the
the last day 后一天 （具體到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）
2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
Italian[]于Italy[] : 注意重讀音的位置不同
teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事
He teaches our English.(錯)
He teaches us English.(對)
語言不可數(shù), 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
a few可與復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of（一些，少數(shù)幾個）的意思。
The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要問他一些問題。
3、Everyday I thought about postcards.
think about/of 考慮, 思考，指某一段時間一直在想/考慮某事, think of還可指想到
What do you think of?
What do you think of TV program last night?
What do you think of the weather today? 你覺得天氣怎么樣?
think over 仔細考慮，反復思考
What’s the weather like today?
cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze
I'll freeze.我要凍僵了
4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
spend與表示時間的詞或短語連和時，意思為“花（時間）”、“度過”
spend+時間+地點 : 在什么地點我花費/度過了多少時間
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)
spend還可以表示“花錢”
If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again.
I can’t spend any more on this car.
【Key structures】
一般過去時
一般過去時通常表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動作或情況。它通常指動作何時發(fā)生，而不指動作持續(xù)多久。
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?
Yes, I caught a cold last winter.
【Special Difficulties】
直接賓語與間接賓語
雙賓語：直接賓語(表示動作結(jié)果，動作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(動作目標，動作是誰做的或為誰做的，通常是人)。間接賓語大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語之前，如果間接賓語在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”（表示動作對什么人做）或“for”（表示動作為什么人而做）。
give sb. sth./give sth to sb
間接賓語在后面時, 其前必須加to(對……而言)或for(為……而做)?？梢苑g為“給”、“替”、“為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的, 就用to
與to相連的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe
take flowers to my wife.
與for相連的 buy, order, make, find
I buy a book for you .
make a cake for you
find sth. for sb.
do sb. a favor 幫某人一個忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 幫我一個忙
I do something for you.
Can I order something for you?
Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意為我請你喝杯酒的意思
【Multiple choice questions】
4 ___a___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach
人做主語提問——who 對賓語提問——whom
who既可以對主語提問也可以對賓語提問, 而whom只能對賓語提問
如果對主語提問, 則句子的語序和陳述句語序一樣；如果對非主語來提問, 則句子要使用特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句的語序
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ___d___ .
a. friend b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly way
He spoke to the writer like a friend.
in...way :以...方式
作為狀語表示這個人做什么事情很友好, 用短語in a friendly way
7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ___c___ day.
a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all of
all (the) day
all of 后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞all of us；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the
all of the friends all of my friends all of the students
10 On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___a___ day of his holiday.
a. final b. end c. latest d. bottom
final——形容詞 end——名詞/動詞 latest——形容詞 bottom——名詞
latest adj. 新的
latest news；latest style 新款
11 He made a big decision. He ___b___ .
a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wish
think about:考慮、思考、想 make up one's mind:下定決心
change one's mind:改變主意 make a wish : 許個心愿, 愿望, 許愿
send v. 寄，送
postcard n. 明信片
spoil v. 使索然無味，損壞
museum n. 博物館
public adj. 公共的
friendly adj. 友好的
waiter n. 服務員，招待員
lend v. 借給
decision n. 決定
whole adj. 整個的
single adj. 的，單一的
★send v. 寄, 送
send a letter 寄信
send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 給某人送（寄）什么東西
send/take children to school：take強調(diào)某人親自送；send則是通過第三人去送, 如美國的校車
take flowers to his wife 自己送
send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送
★postcard n. 明信片
兩個爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
name card /visiting card 名片
Here is my name card. (口語常用, 同時伴隨著遞出的動作)
ID card 身份證 （ID 身份）
credit card 信用卡
cash card 現(xiàn)金卡, 儲蓄卡, 工資卡(不能透支的那種)
★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然無味, 損壞
① vt. 弄壞，損壞，糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend. 這不幸的消息使我們沒能過好周末。
The rain spoiled the school sports. 這場雨把學校運動會弄得一團糟。
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my holiday.
② vt. 寵壞，慣壞，溺愛
Don’t spoil your children. 不能太慣孩子。
His parents spoiled the boy.
spoil: 把東西的質(zhì)量變得不好; 生活中不順心的事;寵壞, 溺愛
break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破壞, 程度不一定很重
destroy : 破壞, 徹底摧毀
以上三個是指物理上的破壞, 而spoil主要指精神上的
★museum n. 博物館
Palace Museum 故宮
★public adj. 公共的
① adj. 公共的，公眾的，社會的
There is a public library in this town.
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
② adj. 公開的，眾人皆知的
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他們的秘密會晤20年以后才被公開。
public house（酒吧）簡稱pub
public place 公共場所
in public 公開的；in private 私下里的
Let’s have a conversation in private. 讓我們私下談談?
Why not have a conversation in public? 為什么不公開談呢?(當面說呢?)
③ n. 公眾，群眾，大眾
The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公眾對他的解釋很滿意。
The museum is open to the public on Sunday.
★friendly adj. 友好的
friendly是形容詞，單獨使用時一般做定語；作為狀語表示這個人做什么事情很友好, 用短語in a friendly way
He is not very friendly to John.
She gave me a friendly greeting.
He always greets me in a friendly way.
以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly
★waiter n. 服務員, 招待員
waiter(男服務員), waitress(女服務員), 只出現(xiàn)在餐館里
chief waiter 領班
I want to see the chief waiter. 我要見你們的領班。
shop assistant 商店里的店員
attendant n. （其他公共場所的）服務員
★lend v. 借給
lend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.
borrow from（借進）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.）
He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.
★decision n. 決定
make /take a decision作出決定
It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.
Are you made/taken a decision?
make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：偉大, 更重大)
decide v. 決定
★whole adj. 整個的
a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
the whole…，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整兩星期
all th…，all the day (the可省略) 整天
all of后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the
all of us；all of the students
★single adj. 的, 單一的
反義詞 : double 雙倍的
【Text】
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
參考譯文：
明信片總攪得我假日不得安寧. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我參觀了博物館, 還去了公園. 一位好客的服務員教了我?guī)拙湟獯罄Z, 之后還借給我一本書. 我讀了幾行, 但一個字也不懂. 我每天都想著明信片的事. 假期過得真快, 可我還沒有給我的朋友們寄過一張明信片. 到了后一天, 我作出了一項重大決定. 我早早起了床, 買來了37張明信片. 我在房間里關(guān)了整整一天. 然而竟連一張明信片也沒寫成!
【課文講解】
1、Last summer, I went to Italy.
last：
① adj. 上一個
last summer里的last表示 “上一個”
② adj. 后一個，表示“后一個”時要加冠詞the
the last day 后一天 （具體到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）
2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
Italian[]于Italy[] : 注意重讀音的位置不同
teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事
He teaches our English.(錯)
He teaches us English.(對)
語言不可數(shù), 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
a few可與復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of（一些，少數(shù)幾個）的意思。
The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要問他一些問題。
3、Everyday I thought about postcards.
think about/of 考慮, 思考，指某一段時間一直在想/考慮某事, think of還可指想到
What do you think of?
What do you think of TV program last night?
What do you think of the weather today? 你覺得天氣怎么樣?
think over 仔細考慮，反復思考
What’s the weather like today?
cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze
I'll freeze.我要凍僵了
4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
spend與表示時間的詞或短語連和時，意思為“花（時間）”、“度過”
spend+時間+地點 : 在什么地點我花費/度過了多少時間
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)
spend還可以表示“花錢”
If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again.
I can’t spend any more on this car.
【Key structures】
一般過去時
一般過去時通常表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動作或情況。它通常指動作何時發(fā)生，而不指動作持續(xù)多久。
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?
Yes, I caught a cold last winter.
【Special Difficulties】
直接賓語與間接賓語
雙賓語：直接賓語(表示動作結(jié)果，動作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(動作目標，動作是誰做的或為誰做的，通常是人)。間接賓語大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語之前，如果間接賓語在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”（表示動作對什么人做）或“for”（表示動作為什么人而做）。
give sb. sth./give sth to sb
間接賓語在后面時, 其前必須加to(對……而言)或for(為……而做)?？梢苑g為“給”、“替”、“為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的, 就用to
與to相連的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe
take flowers to my wife.
與for相連的 buy, order, make, find
I buy a book for you .
make a cake for you
find sth. for sb.
do sb. a favor 幫某人一個忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 幫我一個忙
I do something for you.
Can I order something for you?
Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意為我請你喝杯酒的意思
【Multiple choice questions】
4 ___a___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach
人做主語提問——who 對賓語提問——whom
who既可以對主語提問也可以對賓語提問, 而whom只能對賓語提問
如果對主語提問, 則句子的語序和陳述句語序一樣；如果對非主語來提問, 則句子要使用特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句的語序
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ___d___ .
a. friend b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly way
He spoke to the writer like a friend.
in...way :以...方式
作為狀語表示這個人做什么事情很友好, 用短語in a friendly way
7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ___c___ day.
a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all of
all (the) day
all of 后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞all of us；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the
all of the friends all of my friends all of the students
10 On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___a___ day of his holiday.
a. final b. end c. latest d. bottom
final——形容詞 end——名詞/動詞 latest——形容詞 bottom——名詞
latest adj. 新的
latest news；latest style 新款
11 He made a big decision. He ___b___ .
a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wish
think about:考慮、思考、想 make up one's mind:下定決心
change one's mind:改變主意 make a wish : 許個心愿, 愿望, 許愿