[詞匯]（14）
greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果零售商
absent adj. 缺席的
Monday n. 星期一
Tuesday n. 星期二
Wednesday n. 星期三
Thursday n. 星期四
keep v. （身體健康）處于（狀況）
spend v. 度過(guò)
weekend n. 周末
Friday n. 星期五
Saturday n. 星期六
Sunday n. 星期日
country n. 鄉(xiāng)村
lucky adj. 幸運(yùn)的
★greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果零售商
在英文中，表示店鋪、住宅、公共機(jī)構(gòu)、公共建筑物以及教堂的名字或某人家時(shí)，名詞所有格后常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞：
at the greengrocer's (shop) 在蔬菜水果店
at the butcher's (shop) 在肉店里
at the dentist's (office) 在牙醫(yī)的診所
at the hairdresser's (shop) 在理發(fā)店
at the stationer’s (shop) 在文具店
at my mother's house = at my mother's
I am going to stay at my mother's this Friday.
They are going to stay at her mother's this weekend.
★absent adj. 缺席的
be absent from 不在，缺席
be absent from school 缺課
be absent from work 曠工
She is often absent from school.
★keep v. （身體健康）處于（狀況）
① v. 使保持某狀態(tài)；保持
Keep the fire burning.
② v. 保存；保留
He would not be able to keep his job. 他恐怕保不住他那份工作了。
③ v. 保守；儲(chǔ)藏
Would you keep my things for me while I’m away?
在我離開(kāi)的這段時(shí)間里，你能為我保管一下東西嗎？
★spend v. 度過(guò)
① v. 花（時(shí)間等）；度過(guò)
spend + n./pron. 度過(guò)
spend my holiday
We are going to spend three days at my mother’s.
I want to spend my holiday in the country this weekend.
I hope that you wouldn’t spend so much time watching television.
Where are the Johnsons going to spend the weekend?
② v. 用（錢(qián)），花費(fèi)
spend 時(shí)間/金錢(qián) + on +sth.
Women spend a lot of money on clothes.
Children spend a lot of time on Internet.
At present, more and more people have come to realize that more money should be spent on health and education.
目前，越來(lái)越多的人已開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到：應(yīng)該在健康和教育方面多花些錢(qián)。
spend 時(shí)間/金錢(qián) +(in) doing sth.
The manager spent 2 hours explaining the plan at the meeting.
spend 人作主語(yǔ)
expend 花費(fèi)很大量，更多的主語(yǔ)是政府或一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)[數(shù)額較大，比較正式的用法]
cost [物做主語(yǔ)，表示物的售價(jià)]
It cost me …
I bought a new necklace, it costs me 2000 dollars.
afford 人作主語(yǔ)，支付得起，騰出時(shí)間
I can’t afford it.
I want to have a picnic with some of my friends, but they can’t afford some time for me.
I can afford one day for you.
take [花時(shí)間]
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It took me 3 hours to explain this plan.
pay [人做主語(yǔ)，人為某物付錢(qián)]
★country n. 鄉(xiāng)村
① n. 國(guó)家；國(guó)土；故鄉(xiāng)
India, a former British colony, is now a fully independent country.
曾一度為英國(guó)殖民地的印度如今已是一個(gè)完全獨(dú)立的國(guó)家。
② n. 鄉(xiāng)下，鄉(xiāng)村
the country = the countryside 鄉(xiāng)下
country表示“農(nóng)村”時(shí)，前面一定要加定冠詞the。
③ adj. 鄉(xiāng)下的；鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)味的
I prefer country life to life in the city.
鄉(xiāng)村生活與城市生活相比，我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活。
After nearly thirty years in the city, he’s still country.
他在城里住了將近三十年，可還是土氣十足。
★lucky adj. 幸運(yùn)的
① adj. 有好運(yùn)的，幸運(yùn)的
She was lucky to get such a well-paid job.
她能得到這樣一個(gè)報(bào)酬優(yōu)厚的工作真幸運(yùn)。
② adj. 僥幸的，碰巧的
He didn’t really know the answer - it was just a lucky guess.
他并非真知道答案——那不過(guò)是個(gè)僥幸的猜測(cè)。
It’s lucky he’s here.
他碰巧在這兒。
luck ——lucky
lucky dog 幸運(yùn)兒
luck n. 命運(yùn)
good luck
have no luck 沒(méi)有運(yùn)氣
by pure luck 純粹靠運(yùn)氣
try one’s luck 試試某人的運(yùn)氣
fate 命運(yùn)
destiny 宿命
That’s my destiny.
[語(yǔ)法]
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
概念：描述過(guò)去的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)，描述過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。在英語(yǔ)中，非現(xiàn)在的以前都叫過(guò)去。過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動(dòng)作要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示。
1、表示過(guò)去某個(gè)點(diǎn)上特定的時(shí)間存在的狀態(tài)，事實(shí)，或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
2、表示在過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或反復(fù)的習(xí)慣。
be動(dòng)詞is的過(guò)去式是was、are是were
肯定句：S+was/ were/ v(e)d …age /yesterday/ just now
否定句：S+ wasn’t/ weren’t/ didn’t +V(原形)
一般疑問(wèn)句：was/ were+ S+ …?
Did +S +V原+ …?
回答：Yes, S+ was/ were/ did.
No, S+ wasn’t/weren’t /didn’t
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變化兩種：
規(guī)則變化：
1、一般的動(dòng)詞后面直接加-ed
① 清輔音后面加ed，讀[t]
asked [B:skt]
jumped [dVQmpt]
② 濁輔音或元音后面加ed，讀[d]
cleaned [kli:nd]
lied [laid]
waited [5weitid]
③ d/t +ed [id]
2、單詞末尾是e的直接加d，e+d發(fā)音規(guī)則同上
believe, argue, waste
believed, argued, wasted
3、如果是輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，要把y變i加ed
輔音+y ——>i+ed
study -> studied, empty -> emptied, cry -> cried
play -> played，enjoy -> enjoyed
empty -> empties -> emptied -> emptying
4、單詞是以短元音加一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾，這個(gè)輔音要雙寫(xiě)加ed
短元音+輔音字母——>雙寫(xiě)輔音字母+ed
chat -> chatted, stop -> stopped, beg -> begged, fit -> fitted
不規(guī)則變化：
buy -> bought -> bought lose -> lost -> lose
find -> found -> found make -> made -> made
get -> got -> got meet -> met -> met
have -> had -> had send -> sent -> sent
hear -> heard -> heard sweep -> swept -> swept
leave -> left -> left tell -> told -> told
否定疑問(wèn)句：
否定疑問(wèn)句表示雙重肯定，表示說(shuō)話(huà)者驚異的情緒、責(zé)難的口吻或贊嘆；也可表示說(shuō)話(huà)者的某種建議、邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求或看法等。
Haven’t I asked you? 難道我沒(méi)問(wèn)過(guò)你嗎？
Aren’t you a student?
Can’t you wait a moment? 你不能等一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)幔?BR> 回答這種問(wèn)題這種問(wèn)題時(shí)用簡(jiǎn)略回答。如果答語(yǔ)是肯定的，就用Yes；如果答語(yǔ)是否定的，就用No。但答語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)譯法有特殊之處。
Don’t you know English?
Yes, I do. 不，我懂。
[課文]
MRS.JOHNSON: Hello. Were you at the butcher's?
MRS.WILLIAMS: Yes, I was. Were you at the butcher's, too?
MRS.JOHNSON: No, I wasn't.
I was at the greengrocer's.
How's Jimmy today?
MRS.WILLIAMS: He's very well, thank you.
MRS.JOHNSON: Was he absent from school last week?
MRS.WILLIAMS: Yes, he was.
He was absent on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Tuesday.
MRS.WILLIAMS: How are you all keeping?
MRS.JOHNSON: Very well, thank you.
We're going to spend three days in the country.
We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend.
MRS.WILLIAMS: Friday, Saturday and Sunday in the country!
Aren't you lucky!
[課文注釋]
It is a story about two women, Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Williams. They are talking about a boy called Jimmy. Jimmy is a middle school student and he was ill last week, and he was absent from school last week and Mrs. Williams is Jimmy’s mother.
1、We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend.
stay in bed 呆在床上
in the bed 在床上（躺在床上）
on the bed 坐在床上
stay at home 呆在家里（home作名詞）
stay home （home做副詞）
2、We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend.
for the weekend 整個(gè)周末這幾天時(shí)間
at the weekend 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)
greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果零售商
absent adj. 缺席的
Monday n. 星期一
Tuesday n. 星期二
Wednesday n. 星期三
Thursday n. 星期四
keep v. （身體健康）處于（狀況）
spend v. 度過(guò)
weekend n. 周末
Friday n. 星期五
Saturday n. 星期六
Sunday n. 星期日
country n. 鄉(xiāng)村
lucky adj. 幸運(yùn)的
★greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果零售商
在英文中，表示店鋪、住宅、公共機(jī)構(gòu)、公共建筑物以及教堂的名字或某人家時(shí)，名詞所有格后常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞：
at the greengrocer's (shop) 在蔬菜水果店
at the butcher's (shop) 在肉店里
at the dentist's (office) 在牙醫(yī)的診所
at the hairdresser's (shop) 在理發(fā)店
at the stationer’s (shop) 在文具店
at my mother's house = at my mother's
I am going to stay at my mother's this Friday.
They are going to stay at her mother's this weekend.
★absent adj. 缺席的
be absent from 不在，缺席
be absent from school 缺課
be absent from work 曠工
She is often absent from school.
★keep v. （身體健康）處于（狀況）
① v. 使保持某狀態(tài)；保持
Keep the fire burning.
② v. 保存；保留
He would not be able to keep his job. 他恐怕保不住他那份工作了。
③ v. 保守；儲(chǔ)藏
Would you keep my things for me while I’m away?
在我離開(kāi)的這段時(shí)間里，你能為我保管一下東西嗎？
★spend v. 度過(guò)
① v. 花（時(shí)間等）；度過(guò)
spend + n./pron. 度過(guò)
spend my holiday
We are going to spend three days at my mother’s.
I want to spend my holiday in the country this weekend.
I hope that you wouldn’t spend so much time watching television.
Where are the Johnsons going to spend the weekend?
② v. 用（錢(qián)），花費(fèi)
spend 時(shí)間/金錢(qián) + on +sth.
Women spend a lot of money on clothes.
Children spend a lot of time on Internet.
At present, more and more people have come to realize that more money should be spent on health and education.
目前，越來(lái)越多的人已開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到：應(yīng)該在健康和教育方面多花些錢(qián)。
spend 時(shí)間/金錢(qián) +(in) doing sth.
The manager spent 2 hours explaining the plan at the meeting.
spend 人作主語(yǔ)
expend 花費(fèi)很大量，更多的主語(yǔ)是政府或一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)[數(shù)額較大，比較正式的用法]
cost [物做主語(yǔ)，表示物的售價(jià)]
It cost me …
I bought a new necklace, it costs me 2000 dollars.
afford 人作主語(yǔ)，支付得起，騰出時(shí)間
I can’t afford it.
I want to have a picnic with some of my friends, but they can’t afford some time for me.
I can afford one day for you.
take [花時(shí)間]
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It took me 3 hours to explain this plan.
pay [人做主語(yǔ)，人為某物付錢(qián)]
★country n. 鄉(xiāng)村
① n. 國(guó)家；國(guó)土；故鄉(xiāng)
India, a former British colony, is now a fully independent country.
曾一度為英國(guó)殖民地的印度如今已是一個(gè)完全獨(dú)立的國(guó)家。
② n. 鄉(xiāng)下，鄉(xiāng)村
the country = the countryside 鄉(xiāng)下
country表示“農(nóng)村”時(shí)，前面一定要加定冠詞the。
③ adj. 鄉(xiāng)下的；鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)味的
I prefer country life to life in the city.
鄉(xiāng)村生活與城市生活相比，我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活。
After nearly thirty years in the city, he’s still country.
他在城里住了將近三十年，可還是土氣十足。
★lucky adj. 幸運(yùn)的
① adj. 有好運(yùn)的，幸運(yùn)的
She was lucky to get such a well-paid job.
她能得到這樣一個(gè)報(bào)酬優(yōu)厚的工作真幸運(yùn)。
② adj. 僥幸的，碰巧的
He didn’t really know the answer - it was just a lucky guess.
他并非真知道答案——那不過(guò)是個(gè)僥幸的猜測(cè)。
It’s lucky he’s here.
他碰巧在這兒。
luck ——lucky
lucky dog 幸運(yùn)兒
luck n. 命運(yùn)
good luck
have no luck 沒(méi)有運(yùn)氣
by pure luck 純粹靠運(yùn)氣
try one’s luck 試試某人的運(yùn)氣
fate 命運(yùn)
destiny 宿命
That’s my destiny.
[語(yǔ)法]
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
概念：描述過(guò)去的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)，描述過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。在英語(yǔ)中，非現(xiàn)在的以前都叫過(guò)去。過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動(dòng)作要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示。
1、表示過(guò)去某個(gè)點(diǎn)上特定的時(shí)間存在的狀態(tài)，事實(shí)，或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
2、表示在過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或反復(fù)的習(xí)慣。
be動(dòng)詞is的過(guò)去式是was、are是were
肯定句：S+was/ were/ v(e)d …age /yesterday/ just now
否定句：S+ wasn’t/ weren’t/ didn’t +V(原形)
一般疑問(wèn)句：was/ were+ S+ …?
Did +S +V原+ …?
回答：Yes, S+ was/ were/ did.
No, S+ wasn’t/weren’t /didn’t
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變化兩種：
規(guī)則變化：
1、一般的動(dòng)詞后面直接加-ed
① 清輔音后面加ed，讀[t]
asked [B:skt]
jumped [dVQmpt]
② 濁輔音或元音后面加ed，讀[d]
cleaned [kli:nd]
lied [laid]
waited [5weitid]
③ d/t +ed [id]
2、單詞末尾是e的直接加d，e+d發(fā)音規(guī)則同上
believe, argue, waste
believed, argued, wasted
3、如果是輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，要把y變i加ed
輔音+y ——>i+ed
study -> studied, empty -> emptied, cry -> cried
play -> played，enjoy -> enjoyed
empty -> empties -> emptied -> emptying
4、單詞是以短元音加一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾，這個(gè)輔音要雙寫(xiě)加ed
短元音+輔音字母——>雙寫(xiě)輔音字母+ed
chat -> chatted, stop -> stopped, beg -> begged, fit -> fitted
不規(guī)則變化：
buy -> bought -> bought lose -> lost -> lose
find -> found -> found make -> made -> made
get -> got -> got meet -> met -> met
have -> had -> had send -> sent -> sent
hear -> heard -> heard sweep -> swept -> swept
leave -> left -> left tell -> told -> told
否定疑問(wèn)句：
否定疑問(wèn)句表示雙重肯定，表示說(shuō)話(huà)者驚異的情緒、責(zé)難的口吻或贊嘆；也可表示說(shuō)話(huà)者的某種建議、邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求或看法等。
Haven’t I asked you? 難道我沒(méi)問(wèn)過(guò)你嗎？
Aren’t you a student?
Can’t you wait a moment? 你不能等一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)幔?BR> 回答這種問(wèn)題這種問(wèn)題時(shí)用簡(jiǎn)略回答。如果答語(yǔ)是肯定的，就用Yes；如果答語(yǔ)是否定的，就用No。但答語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)譯法有特殊之處。
Don’t you know English?
Yes, I do. 不，我懂。
[課文]
MRS.JOHNSON: Hello. Were you at the butcher's?
MRS.WILLIAMS: Yes, I was. Were you at the butcher's, too?
MRS.JOHNSON: No, I wasn't.
I was at the greengrocer's.
How's Jimmy today?
MRS.WILLIAMS: He's very well, thank you.
MRS.JOHNSON: Was he absent from school last week?
MRS.WILLIAMS: Yes, he was.
He was absent on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Tuesday.
MRS.WILLIAMS: How are you all keeping?
MRS.JOHNSON: Very well, thank you.
We're going to spend three days in the country.
We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend.
MRS.WILLIAMS: Friday, Saturday and Sunday in the country!
Aren't you lucky!
[課文注釋]
It is a story about two women, Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Williams. They are talking about a boy called Jimmy. Jimmy is a middle school student and he was ill last week, and he was absent from school last week and Mrs. Williams is Jimmy’s mother.
1、We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend.
stay in bed 呆在床上
in the bed 在床上（躺在床上）
on the bed 坐在床上
stay at home 呆在家里（home作名詞）
stay home （home做副詞）
2、We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend.
for the weekend 整個(gè)周末這幾天時(shí)間
at the weekend 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)