4. What 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
解題要點(diǎn)：what兼先行詞和關(guān)系代詞雙重身份，即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生應(yīng)特別注意，what既已包含先行詞在內(nèi)，它的前面就不應(yīng)該再出現(xiàn)先行中心名詞。What 與that 的區(qū)分是TOEEL?？碱}目
全真例題分析
(1) During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became ------- is now Indiana and Ohio.
(A) there
(B) where
(C) that
(D) what (93.5)
[答案] D what = the area that。What所指代的是地點(diǎn)、位置。然而，此句卻不可選擇（B）where。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系副詞where不能作從句的主語(yǔ)。只有what即是先行詞又是關(guān)系代詞。
(2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ------- best in its climate and soil.
(A) it grows
(B) what grows
(C) does it grow
(D) what does grow (90.1)
[答案] B what grows = the thing that grows…另請(qǐng)注意：介詞后面通常不能接that引導(dǎo)的從句，但可接what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
(3) A hinge joint is ------- permits the forward and backward movement of a door.
(A) the
(B) what
(C) those
(D) whose (88.10)
[答案] B what = the thing that…
(4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ------- reality.
(A) what it is conceived
(B) that is conceived
(C) what is conceived to be
(D) that is being conceived of (89.5)
[答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案（A）中的代詞it是多余的，因?yàn)閣hat本身即已包含了先行詞（the thing ) 和關(guān)系代詞(that) 。答案（B）中的關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的從句不可以置于介詞的后面。
(5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.10
[答案] B what應(yīng)改為that。此句已含有先行詞food，不能再用關(guān)系代詞what。
5. 主句和從句
解題要點(diǎn) 主語(yǔ)從句是TOEEL?？级袊?guó)考生又較陌生英文文法結(jié)構(gòu)。有關(guān)主語(yǔ)從句的命題幾乎全部集中在structure (1-15題）中。主語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)是讀起來(lái)有種頭重腳輕的感覺(jué)，而且有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。連詞That 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)特別留意。因?yàn)門hat 在句中沒(méi)有任何意義，它只具有引導(dǎo)出主語(yǔ)從句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。
全真例題分析
(1) ------- xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
(A) For
(B) It was
(C) That
(D) While (91.1)
[答案] C That引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。其中第一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞could from 是從句的謂語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)系動(dòng)was是主句的謂語(yǔ)。
(2) ------- to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.
(A) Danger can be
(B) They can be dangerous
(C) What can be dangerous
(D) While danger (93.1)
[答案] C what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。What既是從句的連詞，又是從句的主語(yǔ)。
(3) ------- has been a topic of continual geological research.
(A) Did the continents originate
(B) How did the continents originate
(C) Have the continents originated
(D) How the continents originated (91.1)
[答案] D How 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。
(4) ------- progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.
(A) Technological
(B) That technological
(C)Although technological
(D)There is technological
[答案] B. That 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)連續(xù)讀到兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(e.g. Helps…is)，而空格在句首，應(yīng)首先考慮主語(yǔ)從句。這是主語(yǔ)從句典型的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
解題要點(diǎn)：what兼先行詞和關(guān)系代詞雙重身份，即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生應(yīng)特別注意，what既已包含先行詞在內(nèi)，它的前面就不應(yīng)該再出現(xiàn)先行中心名詞。What 與that 的區(qū)分是TOEEL?？碱}目
全真例題分析
(1) During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became ------- is now Indiana and Ohio.
(A) there
(B) where
(C) that
(D) what (93.5)
[答案] D what = the area that。What所指代的是地點(diǎn)、位置。然而，此句卻不可選擇（B）where。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系副詞where不能作從句的主語(yǔ)。只有what即是先行詞又是關(guān)系代詞。
(2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ------- best in its climate and soil.
(A) it grows
(B) what grows
(C) does it grow
(D) what does grow (90.1)
[答案] B what grows = the thing that grows…另請(qǐng)注意：介詞后面通常不能接that引導(dǎo)的從句，但可接what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
(3) A hinge joint is ------- permits the forward and backward movement of a door.
(A) the
(B) what
(C) those
(D) whose (88.10)
[答案] B what = the thing that…
(4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ------- reality.
(A) what it is conceived
(B) that is conceived
(C) what is conceived to be
(D) that is being conceived of (89.5)
[答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案（A）中的代詞it是多余的，因?yàn)閣hat本身即已包含了先行詞（the thing ) 和關(guān)系代詞(that) 。答案（B）中的關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的從句不可以置于介詞的后面。
(5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.10
[答案] B what應(yīng)改為that。此句已含有先行詞food，不能再用關(guān)系代詞what。
5. 主句和從句
解題要點(diǎn) 主語(yǔ)從句是TOEEL?？级袊?guó)考生又較陌生英文文法結(jié)構(gòu)。有關(guān)主語(yǔ)從句的命題幾乎全部集中在structure (1-15題）中。主語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)是讀起來(lái)有種頭重腳輕的感覺(jué)，而且有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。連詞That 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)特別留意。因?yàn)門hat 在句中沒(méi)有任何意義，它只具有引導(dǎo)出主語(yǔ)從句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。
全真例題分析
(1) ------- xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
(A) For
(B) It was
(C) That
(D) While (91.1)
[答案] C That引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。其中第一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞could from 是從句的謂語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)系動(dòng)was是主句的謂語(yǔ)。
(2) ------- to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.
(A) Danger can be
(B) They can be dangerous
(C) What can be dangerous
(D) While danger (93.1)
[答案] C what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。What既是從句的連詞，又是從句的主語(yǔ)。
(3) ------- has been a topic of continual geological research.
(A) Did the continents originate
(B) How did the continents originate
(C) Have the continents originated
(D) How the continents originated (91.1)
[答案] D How 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。
(4) ------- progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.
(A) Technological
(B) That technological
(C)Although technological
(D)There is technological
[答案] B. That 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)連續(xù)讀到兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(e.g. Helps…is)，而空格在句首，應(yīng)首先考慮主語(yǔ)從句。這是主語(yǔ)從句典型的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。