時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式，是各級(jí)各類考試的必考內(nèi)容。隨著高考逐漸向能力立意的過度，對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的考查已經(jīng)由單純的時(shí)態(tài)逐漸向時(shí)態(tài)中的特殊現(xiàn)象延伸。下面就舉例說(shuō)明英語(yǔ)中常見的幾種特殊時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)象。
一、常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況：
1.以Here或There開頭的句子，說(shuō)明正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
Here comes the bus!
There goes the bell!
2.既定的時(shí)間如生日、日歷、課時(shí)安排、交通時(shí)刻表等，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作。如：The meeting starts at five o'clock.
The train leaves at three this afternoon.
3.在see to it，make sure，make certain，be sure，look out，take care等之后的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在（過去、現(xiàn)在完成）時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)（過去將來(lái)、將來(lái)完成）時(shí)。如：
You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab.
See to it that everything is OK.
4.在賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
The teacher taught us yesterday that the moon circles the earth.
Somebody told me that you are a writer.
5.在由as soon as，when，before，after，till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和由if，unless，as long as，in case等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句或在方式、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，但主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
If you come this afternoon，We'll have a meeting.
When you meet him，tell him to come to my place.
二、常用一般過去時(shí)的情況：
1.表示說(shuō)話人始料未及的事情，用一般過去時(shí)。如：
Oh! I didn't know you were in Shanghai. How long have you been there?
2.在wish，would rather的賓語(yǔ)從句中和在as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，以及在It is time that…的定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的事情。如：
It's time you had a holiday.
He looks as if he were young.
3.用表示意愿及精神狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，反映的是說(shuō)話者探詢的態(tài)度時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，顯得更加有禮貌。如：
I didn't know you were here.（我不知道你在這里，were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在）
I wondered if you could help me.
4.在含有hardly/scarcely…when，no sooner…than結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。（注意：主句一般倒裝）如：
Hardly had I entered the room，when I heard a loud noise.
No sooner had he reached the door than he came back.
三、常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的情況：
1.若句中帶有always，all the time，forever，constantly等詞或短語(yǔ)，用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示說(shuō)話人贊賞或厭惡等感情。如：
You are always forgtting the important things.
He is constantly leaving his things behind.
2.某些詞，如come，go，leave，arrive，start等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
He is leaving tomorrow.
The visitors are arriving in a few minutes.
四、常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的情況：
1.表示故事發(fā)生的背景。如：
One day Jones was walking along the street.
It was snowing as they made their way to the front.
2.與always，forever，constantly，continually，frequently等詞連用，表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的行為，往往帶有感情色彩。如：
My brother was always losing his key.
They were frequently quarrelling.
五、常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的情況：
1.被the first time，a few times，again and again等表示次數(shù)或重復(fù)的狀語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，句中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：
This is the third time we have made improvements in that equipment.
2.定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是高級(jí)形式或被高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)，句中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：
Scientists have found almost all metals are good conductors，the best of which is silver.
3.在某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成的動(dòng)作。如：
I'll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stoppted snowing in the morning，we'll go to the park.
六、常用過去完成時(shí)的情況：
1.某些動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)表示原先計(jì)劃或打算做而沒做的事情。常見的動(dòng)詞有mean，plan，think，suppose，want，intend等。如：
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.
I had intended to make a cake，but I ran out of time.
2.在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中以及which或I'd rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，常用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
If you only had worked with great care!
I would rather you had told her the truth.
七、常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的情況：
1.表示一種傾向、固有特性或說(shuō)話人推測(cè)的意見。如：
I think it will rain tomorrow.
Birds will build nests.
2.在某些條件狀語(yǔ)從句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。如：
We shall go unless it rains.
He'll help you if you ask him.
說(shuō)明：有時(shí)用be about to+動(dòng)詞原形或be to +動(dòng)詞原形或be going to +動(dòng)詞原形表示將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
The meeting is going to start at nine.
Tell her she is not to be back late.
The film is about to begin
一、常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況：
1.以Here或There開頭的句子，說(shuō)明正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
Here comes the bus!
There goes the bell!
2.既定的時(shí)間如生日、日歷、課時(shí)安排、交通時(shí)刻表等，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作。如：The meeting starts at five o'clock.
The train leaves at three this afternoon.
3.在see to it，make sure，make certain，be sure，look out，take care等之后的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在（過去、現(xiàn)在完成）時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)（過去將來(lái)、將來(lái)完成）時(shí)。如：
You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab.
See to it that everything is OK.
4.在賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
The teacher taught us yesterday that the moon circles the earth.
Somebody told me that you are a writer.
5.在由as soon as，when，before，after，till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和由if，unless，as long as，in case等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句或在方式、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，但主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
If you come this afternoon，We'll have a meeting.
When you meet him，tell him to come to my place.
二、常用一般過去時(shí)的情況：
1.表示說(shuō)話人始料未及的事情，用一般過去時(shí)。如：
Oh! I didn't know you were in Shanghai. How long have you been there?
2.在wish，would rather的賓語(yǔ)從句中和在as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，以及在It is time that…的定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的事情。如：
It's time you had a holiday.
He looks as if he were young.
3.用表示意愿及精神狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，反映的是說(shuō)話者探詢的態(tài)度時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，顯得更加有禮貌。如：
I didn't know you were here.（我不知道你在這里，were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在）
I wondered if you could help me.
4.在含有hardly/scarcely…when，no sooner…than結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。（注意：主句一般倒裝）如：
Hardly had I entered the room，when I heard a loud noise.
No sooner had he reached the door than he came back.
三、常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的情況：
1.若句中帶有always，all the time，forever，constantly等詞或短語(yǔ)，用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示說(shuō)話人贊賞或厭惡等感情。如：
You are always forgtting the important things.
He is constantly leaving his things behind.
2.某些詞，如come，go，leave，arrive，start等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
He is leaving tomorrow.
The visitors are arriving in a few minutes.
四、常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的情況：
1.表示故事發(fā)生的背景。如：
One day Jones was walking along the street.
It was snowing as they made their way to the front.
2.與always，forever，constantly，continually，frequently等詞連用，表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的行為，往往帶有感情色彩。如：
My brother was always losing his key.
They were frequently quarrelling.
五、常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的情況：
1.被the first time，a few times，again and again等表示次數(shù)或重復(fù)的狀語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，句中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：
This is the third time we have made improvements in that equipment.
2.定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是高級(jí)形式或被高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)，句中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：
Scientists have found almost all metals are good conductors，the best of which is silver.
3.在某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成的動(dòng)作。如：
I'll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stoppted snowing in the morning，we'll go to the park.
六、常用過去完成時(shí)的情況：
1.某些動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)表示原先計(jì)劃或打算做而沒做的事情。常見的動(dòng)詞有mean，plan，think，suppose，want，intend等。如：
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.
I had intended to make a cake，but I ran out of time.
2.在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中以及which或I'd rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，常用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
If you only had worked with great care!
I would rather you had told her the truth.
七、常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的情況：
1.表示一種傾向、固有特性或說(shuō)話人推測(cè)的意見。如：
I think it will rain tomorrow.
Birds will build nests.
2.在某些條件狀語(yǔ)從句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。如：
We shall go unless it rains.
He'll help you if you ask him.
說(shuō)明：有時(shí)用be about to+動(dòng)詞原形或be to +動(dòng)詞原形或be going to +動(dòng)詞原形表示將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
The meeting is going to start at nine.
Tell her she is not to be back late.
The film is about to begin