先請看下面兩道高考題:
1. (2006年山東)I’d appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it C. this D. you
2. (2006年全國卷I)If I can help _______, I don’t like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
這兩道題的答案均為it,但是,這兩個it并不是一回事。
【析】 在例1中,it是形式賓語,它指代的是條件狀語從句if you would like to teach me how to use the computer的內(nèi)容。英語中,it的這種用法要受到謂語動詞的限制,不能隨便使用。
這種情況主要有以下三種:
1. 謂語動詞appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love等后接由if或when等引導(dǎo)的從句時,往往在從句前加形式賓語it。例如:
①The boy likes it when he’s praised before guests. (那個孩子喜歡在客人面前受表揚(yáng)的時刻。)
②I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. (有時非得用法語去打電話,我真感到討厭。)
2. 動詞take(認(rèn)為,理解),hide(隱瞞),publish(公布)等后接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,往往從句前加上形式賓語it。例如:
I take it that you disagree with me. (我的理解是,你和我的看法不同。)
3. 動詞短語answer for(擔(dān)保),count on(期待),depend on, insist on, see to(確保)等后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,必須冠以形式賓語it。例如:
①I am counting on it that you will come.(我期待著你的到來。)
②Would you see to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim? (你負(fù)責(zé)保證孩子們在游泳之后吃到一頓熱飯,好嗎?)
【注】 這種情況與我們所熟悉的it作形式賓語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)并不相同,因為在它之后沒有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。我們熟悉這些說法:
③I thought it strange that she hadn’t written. (她沒有寫信,我感到很奇怪。)
④Our teacher made it a rule that we should get to school 10 minutes ahead of time. (老師規(guī)定,我們提前10分鐘到校。)
⑤She thinks it wrong that he didn’t answer the phone. (她認(rèn)為他當(dāng)時不接電話是不對的。)
【析】 文章開頭第2題中的it含義和用法與第1題迥然不同。這里it用作代詞,指代的是working late into the night這件事;if one can help it意為“如果可能,如果辦得到”。本句的意思為“要是辦得到,我也不愿意工作到深夜”。又如:
①I can’t stand it (=this situation) any longer.
我再也不能忍受這種情況了。
②What’s it like going with you?
和你一起去會是什么樣呢
1. (2006年山東)I’d appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it C. this D. you
2. (2006年全國卷I)If I can help _______, I don’t like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
這兩道題的答案均為it,但是,這兩個it并不是一回事。
【析】 在例1中,it是形式賓語,它指代的是條件狀語從句if you would like to teach me how to use the computer的內(nèi)容。英語中,it的這種用法要受到謂語動詞的限制,不能隨便使用。
這種情況主要有以下三種:
1. 謂語動詞appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love等后接由if或when等引導(dǎo)的從句時,往往在從句前加形式賓語it。例如:
①The boy likes it when he’s praised before guests. (那個孩子喜歡在客人面前受表揚(yáng)的時刻。)
②I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. (有時非得用法語去打電話,我真感到討厭。)
2. 動詞take(認(rèn)為,理解),hide(隱瞞),publish(公布)等后接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,往往從句前加上形式賓語it。例如:
I take it that you disagree with me. (我的理解是,你和我的看法不同。)
3. 動詞短語answer for(擔(dān)保),count on(期待),depend on, insist on, see to(確保)等后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,必須冠以形式賓語it。例如:
①I am counting on it that you will come.(我期待著你的到來。)
②Would you see to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim? (你負(fù)責(zé)保證孩子們在游泳之后吃到一頓熱飯,好嗎?)
【注】 這種情況與我們所熟悉的it作形式賓語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)并不相同,因為在它之后沒有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。我們熟悉這些說法:
③I thought it strange that she hadn’t written. (她沒有寫信,我感到很奇怪。)
④Our teacher made it a rule that we should get to school 10 minutes ahead of time. (老師規(guī)定,我們提前10分鐘到校。)
⑤She thinks it wrong that he didn’t answer the phone. (她認(rèn)為他當(dāng)時不接電話是不對的。)
【析】 文章開頭第2題中的it含義和用法與第1題迥然不同。這里it用作代詞,指代的是working late into the night這件事;if one can help it意為“如果可能,如果辦得到”。本句的意思為“要是辦得到,我也不愿意工作到深夜”。又如:
①I can’t stand it (=this situation) any longer.
我再也不能忍受這種情況了。
②What’s it like going with you?
和你一起去會是什么樣呢