職稱英語理工類AB級閱讀理解例題解析(1)

字號:

Smart Window
    Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.
    “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
    Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
    Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.
    Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
    One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.
    詞匯:
    flip n. & v. 用手指輕彈,輕擊 tungsten oxide 氧化鎢
    air conditioner 空調(器) jolt n. & v. 震搖,顛簸,晃動
    refreshing adj. 使人清爽的 electrochromic adj. 電致變色的
    glaze v. 裝玻璃,上釉 voltage n. 電壓
    chromogenic adj. 發(fā)色的 air conditioning 空調,空調系統(tǒng)
    注釋:
    1. cutting edge : 本意為:(刀片的)刃口, 刀刃;比喻意為:最先進的,科技含量的。
    2. anywhere in between with a flip of a switch:就在開或關的一霎那。
    3. Uppsala University in Sweden:瑞典的烏普薩拉大學。烏普薩拉是瑞典東部一座城市,位于斯德哥爾摩的西北方向。
    練習:
    1.Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?
    A) Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.
    B) Windows help to save energy by letting light in.
    C) Windows help to save energy by providing heat.
    D) Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.
    2. When are windows the weak link in a building?
    A) In the cold winter.
    B) In the hot summer.
    C) When air conditioners are turned on.
    D) Both A and B.
    3. What are smart windows, according to Paragraph 4?
    A) Windows that are coated.
    B) Windows that are glazed.
    C) Windows the color of which can be changed.
    D) Windows that have many layers.
    4. To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass?
    A) Electricity.
    B) Tungsten oxide.
    C) A battery.
    D) A voltage.
    5. What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful, according to the last paragraph?
    A) The buildings will look different.
    B) Windows can be as large as you want.
    C) We may not need air conditioners any more.
    D) They are less expensive than traditional windows.
    答案與解析:
    1. 分析文章標題:Smart(聰明的, 漂亮的) window(窗戶)
    借助文章中的用詞特點或文章開頭的語句進一步了解這篇文章的主題:
    Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.
    “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
    Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
    Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.
    Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
    One important(重要的) feature(特征) that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of(一種) “memory(記憶,回憶).” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.
    分析:文章講介紹一種智能窗戶。
    2.直接解題:
    1.Which of the following(下列的, 其次的) statements(陳述) does not indicate(顯示,指出) the importance(重要性) of windows as( 如同) described(被描述) in the first (第一的, 最初的)two paragraphs(段落)?
    A) Windows can change(變化) from clear(清晰的) to dark(暗的, 黑色的) to save(節(jié)約) energy(能量, 活力).
    B) Windows help to save energy by letting light(光, 燈) in(讓...進入).
    C) Windows help to save energy by providing(提供) heat(熱, 加熱).
    D) Windows enable(使能夠) people to have contact with (與...有接觸/聯(lián)系)the outside(外面的, 外面) world(世界).
    1.A. 三個被選項均提到了節(jié)約能量, 因此首先關注前兩個段落中涉及到節(jié)約能量的句子,利用被選項中的細節(jié)信息結構(A:from clear to dark, B: light; C: heat; D: the outside world) 共同作為答案線索, 在文章中查找答案相關句:
    Windows not only (不但...而且...)let light(光) in to cut down(砍倒,減少) an electricity(電) use(使用) for lighting(照明), but the light coming through(通過) the window also provides(提供) heat(熱). However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers(研究者) are now working on(繼續(xù)研究, 設法說服) new technologies (技術)that enable (使能夠)a window to quickly(很快地) change from clear to dark and anywhere in between (在此之間, 在...之間)with(用) a flip(輕敲) of a switch(開關) .
    (第2段)“It took(花費) us a long time to figure out(弄清楚, 計算出) what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “It’s contact(接觸) with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
    第一段中的答案相關句說:窗戶因為讓陽光進入房間,并且為房間提供熱源,所以節(jié)約了能源。第二段中的答案相關句說:窗戶使人們能接觸外部世界。所以B、C和D都說明了窗戶的重要性。 所以A是錯誤的說法。
    2. When are windows the weak(弱的, 無力的)link(聯(lián)系, 連接, 連接物) in a building(建筑物)?
    A) In the cold(寒冷的) winter(冬季).
    B) In the hot(熱的) summer(夏季).
    C) When air conditioners (空調)are turned on(打開).
    D) Both A and B.
    2.D. 細節(jié)題。利用被選項中的細節(jié)信息詞(A:cold winter; B: hot summer; C: air conditioners)作為答案線索,在文章中查找答案相關句:順著上一題的答案位置往下查找答案相關句:
    (第一題答案相關句)Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. (第一題答案相關句)Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.
    “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. (第一題答案相關句)“It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
    (第3段)Yet, windows are the weak link(問題句中的核心詞) in a building when it comes to (當提到...)energy(能量) and temperature(溫度)control(控制, 管理). In the winter, cold air(空氣) leaks(滲透,漏 ) in. When it’s hot and sunny(陽光充足的), sunlight(陽光) streams(流淌, 溪,河流) in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
    短文第三段的第一句說:windows are the weak link in a building,接下來是對這句話分寒冬和炎夏做了說明。所以D是正確選擇。
    3. What are smart windows, according to (根據(jù))Paragraph 4?
    A) Windows that are coated(被涂層的).
    B) Windows that are glazed(被裝了窗戶的, 被上了釉的).
    C) Windows the color of which can be changed.
    D) Windows that have many layers(有許多層的).
    3.C. 細節(jié)題。 利用被選項中的核心詞及細節(jié)信息詞(A: coat; B: glaze; C: change; D: many layers)共同作為答案線索, 在文章中查找答案相關句:
    Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.
    “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
    (第2題答案相關句)Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
    (第4段)Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating(對應選項A中的coat), glazing(對應選項B中的glaze), and layering(對應選項D中的layer)windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use(使用) chromogenic (發(fā)色的)technologies(技術) which involve(包括) changes of color.
    第四段告訴我們,多年來,科學家已研究出多種通過窗戶節(jié)能的辦法,而smart windows使用的技術使窗戶能變換顏色。所以C是正確選擇。
    4. To make electrochromic(電致變色的) windows change color, what is applied to (被用于)the window glass(玻璃, 玻璃杯, 眼鏡)?
    A) Electricity(電,電流).
    B) Tungsten oxide(氧化鎢).
    C) A battery(電池).
    D) A voltage(電壓).
    4.B. 細節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息結構(electrochromic windows, window glass)及被選項中的細節(jié)信息結構(黑體結構)共同作為答案線索, 在文章中查找答案相關句:
    Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.
    “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
    Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
    Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. (答案相關句)Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.
    (第5段) Electrochromic windows (電致變色的)use electricity to change color. For example(例如), a sheet of(一片) glass coated with thin(薄薄的) layers of chemical (化學的)compound(混合物) such as(例如) tungsten oxide(氧化鎢) works(工作) a bit (一點/少許)like(象) a battery(電池). Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
    第五段第二句提供了答案。a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide中的 coated是“涂上一層薄薄的...”的意思。
    5. What will be the benefit(利益, 好處) if the research on (關于)smart windows turns out to be (結果證明)successful(成功的), according to (根據(jù))the last(最后的, 最近的) paragraph(段落)?
    A) The buildings(建筑物) will look different(不同的).
    B) Windows can be as large as (與...一樣大)you want.
    C) We may not need air conditioners (空調)any more(不再...).
    D) They are less expensive(昂貴的) than traditional(傳統(tǒng)的) windows.
    5.C.被選項中出現(xiàn)了大量的修飾詞,利用這些詞(A:different; B: large; D: expensive, traditional)及選項C中的細節(jié)信息詞(air conditioner)共同作為答案線索,在文章中查找答案相關句:
    (最后一段)One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development(發(fā)展) of smart windows could mean(意味著) that massive(巨大的) air conditioning systems may no longer(不再) need. “In the future,” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.
    段落最后一段的倒數(shù)第2句是直接答案相關句, 根據(jù)該句內(nèi)容判斷C是答案。