職稱英語指導:語法知識——介詞的意義3

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3.表示原因的介詞
    for常常表示褒貶、獎懲的原因或心理原因。
    They will reward you for your help.來源:考試大
    due to常常用來引導形容詞性的短語,作定語或表語。
    Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.
    from和out of常常表示動機或原因;through表示消極或間接的原因。
    He feels weak from lack of sleep.
    He broke down through overwork.來源:考試大
    4.表示目的的介詞
    for表示擬定的接收人或目的;to表示實際的接收人或目的。
    I bought the gift for my little sister.
    I gave the gift to my little sister.來源:考試大
    for和to都可以引導目的地。For跟在含有出發(fā)或開始意義的動詞后,如:leave, set out,start, depart, sail等;to跟在含有來來往往地行動的意義的動詞后,如:go, come, run ,walk,move, fly, drive, ride等。來源:考試大
    We have left for Hong Kong.
    He flew to America via Hong Kong.
    at表示起因;on表示依據(jù)。來源:考試大
    She is quite pleased at his help.
    Ken was arrested on a charge of that.
    at還可引導行為的目標或精力的集中點。
    He shot at the bird.
    5.表示“關于……”的介詞
    一般about用于比較隨便的談話或非正式的文體;on用于正式的講話、著作或報告中;of用于動詞talk, read, know, say, hear, boast等的后面。如:
    What are you talking about?來源:考試大
    A paper on serfdom in Russian
    In terms of natural resources
    6.表示原料的介詞
    of和out of表示制成品的材料仍保持原材料的性質;with表示制成產品的一種成分;from表示制成品已失去了原材料的性質;in表示制成品的材料的色調或特殊性。
    His house was built of brick.來源:考試大
    She made these toys out of old cigar-boxes.
    A fruitcake is made with fruit.
    Steel is made from iron.來源:考試大
    We have furniture of this design in oak and in walnut.