Text A You Can't DO It Because It Hurts Nobody
本課主要單詞
1.tough adj. 強(qiáng)壯的；粗暴的；老的；艱苦的
1）The tough mountaineer succeeded in getting to the top of the mountain.
（那位強(qiáng)壯的登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員成功地登上了山頂。）
2）Camels are tough and hardy creatures. （駱駝是能吃苦耐勞的動(dòng)物。）
3）Those tough law-breaking youngsters should be dealt with seriously. （應(yīng)該嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待那些無法無天的青少年。）
4）She complained about the tough steak.（她抱怨牛排太老。）
5）They had a tough time during the war. （戰(zhàn)爭期間她們苦熬度日。）
6）He'll be tough on you if you bother him. （如果你麻煩他，他會(huì)對(duì)你不客氣。）
7）It was tough to get a satisfactory job.（找一份令人滿意的工作很不容易。）
2.crime n. 罪；罪行
criminal n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的；刑事的
1）He committed a crime against the security of the state. （他犯了危害國家安全罪。）
2）It is a crime to waste so much food. （浪費(fèi)那么多食物是一種罪過。）
3）The president is determined to bring down the crime rate. （總統(tǒng)下決心使犯罪率下降。）
4）The wanted criminal had no place to hide. （被通緝的罪犯無處可藏。）
5）The man was found to have a criminal record.（那人被發(fā)現(xiàn)有犯罪記錄。）
6）The criminal police are working on a major case. （刑警隊(duì)在著手一起大案。）
3.drunk adj. 醉的
1）He was so drunk that he could not walk. （他醉得路都走不起來了。）
2）He was charged with drunk driving. （他被指控酒后駕車。）
3）The young man was drunk with success. （那個(gè)年青人因?yàn)槌晒Χ茸砹?。?BR> 4.custom n. 習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗
customs n. 海關(guān)
customary adj. 習(xí)慣上的
1）It is her custom to go for a walk every morning. （她慣常每天早上去散步。）
2）They didn't know much about the customs of the country they were going to visit. （對(duì)他們將要訪問的那個(gè)國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣他們了解得不多。）
3）It won't take you long to pass the customs. （通過海關(guān)檢查不會(huì)花你們太多時(shí)間。）
4）It is customary to exchange gifts at Christmas. （圣誕節(jié)時(shí)人們互贈(zèng)禮物是一種習(xí)俗。）
5.admit v. 承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入
admission n. 承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入
1）He admitted his guilt to the police. （他向警方承認(rèn)犯罪。）
2）The boy admitted to his teacher that he was wrong. （那男孩向老師承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了。）
3）There were no windows to admit air. （沒有窗子可使空氣流入。）
4）David was admitted into the school basketball team. （大衛(wèi)被納為籃球隊(duì)的隊(duì)員。）
5）None of them admitted to cheating on exams.（他們都不承認(rèn)考試作弊。）
6）She admitted to having a strong like for light beer. （她承認(rèn)自己很喜歡淡啤酒。）
7）His admission that he had committed the theft proved John's innocence.（他承認(rèn)偷竊，從而證明了約翰的清白。）
8）He was refused admission into the club. （他未獲準(zhǔn)加入俱樂部。）
9） Admission to the park is free. （公園免費(fèi)進(jìn)入。）
請(qǐng)注意下面幾組詞，找出其構(gòu)詞的規(guī)律：
admit/admission emit/emission
transmit/transmission submit/submission
6.tape n. 磁帶 v. 用帶子捆扎；用膠布封住；把…錄于
1）The teacher asked us to listen to English tapes when we had time. （老師讓我們有空時(shí)聽英語磁帶。）
2）She spent a whole morning taping the presents.（她花了一個(gè)上午的時(shí)間捆扎禮物。）
3）As there was nobody at home， he taped a note to the door.（因?yàn)榧抑袩o人，他便用膠布把一張字條粘貼在門上。）
4）The robber taped the watchman's mouth. （搶劫犯用膠布封住守門人的嘴。）
5）He taped the conversation secretly. （他偷偷把談話用磁帶錄了下來。）
7.jail n. 監(jiān)獄
1）He was put into jail for armed robbery. （他因武裝搶劫被送進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。）
2）The young man escaped from jail. （那個(gè)年輕人逃出了監(jiān)獄。）
3）He was sentenced to two weeks in jail. （他被判監(jiān)禁兩周。）
8.fatal adj. 致命的；重大的
fatality n. 死亡者；死亡事故
1）He received a fatal wound in the battle. （他在戰(zhàn)斗中受了致命傷。）
2）The fatal eruption of the volcano caused unimaginable losses. （火山毀滅性的噴發(fā)造成了難以想像的損失。）
3）Mutual trust is fatal to friendship. （相互信任對(duì)于友誼來說不可或缺。）
4）The accident caused several fatalities. （事故造成數(shù)人死亡。）
5）They are trying to reduce the fatality of heart disease. （他們正努力降低心臟病的致命性。）
9.threaten v. 威脅
在前一單元中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了名詞threat，-en是個(gè)動(dòng)詞后綴，加在名詞或形容詞的后面可以構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，如：
1）加在名詞后面：heighten， lengthen， hasten
2）加在形容詞后面：shorten， brighten， quicken
10.tolerate v. 忍受；寬恕
tolerant adj. 容忍的
tolerance n. 忍受；寬容；忍耐力
1）I cannot tolerate his dishonesty. （我不能容忍他的不誠實(shí)。）
2）We will not tolerate their distorting the fact. （我們不會(huì)容忍他們歪曲事實(shí)。）
3）He is tolerant of different opinions. （他能容忍不同意見。）
4）These plants are tolerant of extreme heat. （這些植物能耐酷熱。）
5）My tolerance of your impoliteness is limited. （我對(duì)你的無禮的忍耐是有限的。）
11.limit n. 限制 v. 限制
limited adj. 有限的
1）She had reached the limit of her patience. （她已到了忍無可忍的地步。）
2）He was fined for exceeding the speed limit. （他因超過車速限制而被罰款。）
3）Try to limit your talk to 5 minutes. （請(qǐng)盡量把話在五分鐘內(nèi)說完。）
4）He limited himself to 10 cigarettes a day. （他限定自己一天抽10支煙。）
5）We must make good use of the limited resources. （我們必須好好利用有限的資源。）
6）Time is limited， we have to step here today. （時(shí)間有限，我們今天只能講到這兒。）
off limits 禁止進(jìn)入
within limits 適度的；在一定范圍內(nèi)
without limit 無限制地
12.celebrate v. 慶祝
celebration n. 慶祝
1）We'll go to celebrate grandma’s 70th birthday this weekend. （這個(gè)周末我們?nèi)c祝祖母70歲生日。）
2）They are singing and dancing to celebrate their victory. （他們唱歌、跳舞慶祝勝利。）
3）The birthday celebration will be held at home. （生日慶典將在家舉行。）
4）The celebration of Chinese New Year used to include a display of fireworks. （過去中國新年慶典包括放焰火。）
13.anonymous adj. 匿名的
an是一個(gè)前綴，用在元音字母或輔音h前，表示“非”，“沒有”，“缺乏”，
如：anarchy（無政府），anonym（匿名者）。
onym是個(gè)詞根，意思是name（名字），如antonym（反義詞），synonym（同義詞）
-ous是一個(gè)形容詞后綴，如dangerous， famous
1）He was greatly disturbed by the anonymous letter. （匿名信令他極度不安。）
2）The author wishes to remain anonymous. （作者不希望披露姓名。）
14.cheat v. 欺騙；作弊 n. 騙子
1）The old lady told the policeman that she had been cheated of all her savings.（那位老太太告訴警察她被人騙取了她所有的積蓄。）
2）He was cheated into believing that he was an adopted son. （他被騙得相信自己是個(gè)養(yǎng)子。）
3）He said that many high school students cheated on exams. （他說許多中學(xué)生考試作弊。）
4）The singer was said to have cheated on income taxes. （據(jù)說那位歌手在所得稅上弄虛作假。）
5）These drinks I've bought are a cheat， they taste so strange. （我買的這些飲料間冒牌貨，味道很怪。）
6）How could you be friends with these cheats？ （你怎么能與騙子為友呢？）
15.abstract a. 抽象的 n. 摘要 v. 提??；摘錄…的要點(diǎn)
1）He couldn't understand this abstract idea. （他不能理解這個(gè)抽象概念。）
2）An abstract of this paper is needed. （需要有這篇論文的摘要。）
3）He is abstracting a story for a book review. （他正在為一篇書評(píng)撰寫故事梗概。）
4）They are trying to abstract iron from ore. （他們正試圖從礦石中提取鐵。）
16.rob v. 搶劫；非法剝奪
1）He was robbed twice in the downtown area. （他在鬧市區(qū)兩次被搶。）
2）A jewelry store was robbed last night. （昨晚一家珠寶店遭搶劫。）
3）She was robbed of her purse on the bus. （在公共汽車上，她的錢包被搶。）
4）The pain robbed him of sleep. （疼痛使他不能入睡。）
5）The child was robbed of an opportunity to see his mother. （那孩子被剝奪了見母親的機(jī)會(huì)。）
17.fraud n. 欺騙；騙局
1）He obtained the money by fraud. （他騙得了那筆錢。）
2）His explanation was nothing but a fraud. （他的解釋完全是騙人的鬼話。）
3）What he did was a fraud on the customers. （他的所為是對(duì)顧客的一種欺騙行為。）
18.swindle v. 詐騙 n. 詐騙行為
1）He tried to swindle the insurance company. （他欺騙詐騙保險(xiǎn)公司。）
2）Some old people are easily swindled. （有些老人很容易受騙。）
3）The boy swindled the old man out of his money. （那個(gè)男孩騙取了老先生的錢財(cái)。）
4）The big bank swindle involved a lot of people. （許多人與這起詐騙銀行的大案有牽連。）
19.honesty n. 誠實(shí)；坦率
在第十四單元中我們學(xué)過副詞honestly.honest是個(gè)形容詞。-y是名詞后綴，加在動(dòng)詞或形容詞后面可以構(gòu)成名詞。
如：delivery， discovery， recovery， flattery， modesty， jealousy.
如果我們?cè)趆onest， honesty前面加上前綴dis-則可以構(gòu)成反義詞。
1）His honesty wins him a lot of friends. （他的誠實(shí)贏得了許多朋友。）
2）In all honesty I'm at my wit’s end. （說實(shí)話，我現(xiàn)在是智窮計(jì)盡。）
3）He is honest to his friends （他對(duì)朋友很真誠。）
4）Nobody wanted to have anything to do with this dishonest chap. （誰都不想與這個(gè)不誠實(shí)的家伙打交道。）
5）His dishonesty gave his parents a shock. （他的不誠實(shí)令他的父母大為吃驚。）
20. probably adv. 很可能，大概，或許
probable adj. 有可能
probability n. 可能性
1）He will probably refuse your help. （他很可能會(huì)拒絕你的幫助。）
2）Their team will probably win the game. （他們隊(duì)或許會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。）
3）It's probable that they will come earlier. （他們可能會(huì)早點(diǎn)來。）
4）Overloading was the probable cause of the accident. （超載是事故的可能起因。）
5）There is no probability that he will succeed. （他不可能成功。）
6）There is every probability that she will make a fuss over the matter. （她很可能對(duì)此事大驚小怪。）
本課簡介
在本篇課文中作者告訴我們并不只是粗野之人才犯罪，生活中看似無大礙的事情往往有違法律。現(xiàn)實(shí)生活是復(fù)雜的，不可能像在電影中一 樣，簡單地把人分為好人和壞人。如同疾病可以輕至感冒重至癌癥一樣，犯罪行為也是有程度的輕重的。人們會(huì)對(duì)某些違法行為持寬容態(tài)度，這也許是因?yàn)槿藗兿虢?此來為自己的某些違法行為開脫。另外，報(bào)刊、電視上的暴力使得人們對(duì)犯罪司空見慣。在許多情況下，人們不忍去傷害一個(gè)具體的人，而對(duì)某個(gè)不甚具體的群體或 個(gè)體加以傷害卻并不在意。人們對(duì)于違法行為的種種錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)必須得以糾正。嚴(yán)法酷刑、警方的嚴(yán)加防范也許都不能使人完全免于犯罪，變得誠實(shí)，每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)從 自己做起，使我們的社會(huì)成為一個(gè)文明的法制社會(huì)。
本課語言點(diǎn)
1.Who do you think breaks the law in our society？
本句中do you think是個(gè)插入語，插入語用于問句中在英語中也是十分常見的，如：
1）What performance do you think they will put on？ （你認(rèn)為他們會(huì)表演什么節(jié)目？）
2）When do you suppose they will see us？ （你認(rèn)為他們什么時(shí)候會(huì)見我們？）
3）Where do you suggest we should go during the holiday？ （你建議我們假期去哪兒？）
4）How long did he say he would spend on that book？ （他說他要在那本書上花多長時(shí)間？）
5）What do you suggest he should do to make up for the loss？ （為了彌補(bǔ)損失，你建議他該做些什么？）
2.Has anyone you know ever driven drunk？
本句中的drunk是個(gè)過去分詞，在句子中做狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞driven，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況。這類用法也十分常見，如：
1）He turned away disappointed. （他失望地走開了。）
2）They went home exhausted. （他們回到家里已筋疲力盡了。）
3）We joined in the discussion unprepared. （我們毫無準(zhǔn)備地加入了討論。）
Ever是個(gè)常用詞，在使用該詞時(shí)，常有人犯各種錯(cuò)誤。我們來看一下ever的主要用法。
1）表示將來或過去的任何時(shí)間。用于否定句、疑問句、條件句中：
Have you ever been to Paris？ （你去過巴黎嗎？）
Nothing ever makes him happier. （從沒有什么事會(huì)使他更開心。）
If you are ever in China， please let me know. （如果你什么時(shí)候在中國，請(qǐng)讓我知道。）
2）用于表示比較的從句中：
It is raining harder than ever. （雨越下越大了。）
This is the highest mountain I have ever climbed. （這是我所爬過的高的山。）
The last I ever met him was in Nanjing. （我后遇見他是在南京。）
3）用于特殊疑問句中，表示“究竟”，“到底”，“用任何方式”等：
How can I ever thank you？ （我究竟怎樣才能感謝你？）
Who ever can it be？ （那究竟會(huì)是誰呢？）
Why ever did you say so？ （你究竟為什么這樣說？）
4）表示“總是”：“不斷地”：“永遠(yuǎn)”：
He is ever ready to help others. （他總是樂于幫助他人。）
The little boy is ever making the same mistakes. （那個(gè)小男孩總是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。）
Everybody was amazed at her ever youthful face. （每一個(gè)人都為她永遠(yuǎn)年輕的容貌感到驚奇。）
3.Won't some of your frends admit that they have stolen an item from a store？
請(qǐng)注意本句中的動(dòng)詞admit的用法。admit做及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，表示“承認(rèn)”，“確認(rèn)”，“接納”。Admit做不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，表示“通往”：“承認(rèn)”
1）He admitted threatening Larry. （他承認(rèn)恐嚇了拉里。）
2）The young man was admitted to Harvard. （那位年輕人被哈佛錄取了。）
3）This door admits to the backyard. （這扇門通向后院。）
4）He admitted to having broken the vase. （他承認(rèn)打碎了花瓶。）
5）The shop assistant admitted that she had taken the money. （店員承認(rèn)是她拿了錢。）
4.in case you did not know， all of these acts are against the law.本句話的意思是“如果你以前不知道，所有這些行為都是違法的?！?BR> in case用于引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句和目的狀語從句，在從句中，動(dòng)詞可以用虛擬語氣，形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形，也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，如：
1）Please remind me of it in case I （should） forget. （萬一我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐?。?BR> 2）You had better leave the key at home in case I （should） think of coming back. （你好把鑰匙留在家里以免我想回來。）
5.In the same way that diseases range from the common cold to fatal forms of cancer， crimes vary in degree.
本句中的range from和vary在前面的課文中都已出現(xiàn)過，再請(qǐng)看幾個(gè)例句。
1）The participants range in age from 14 to 65.（參加者的年齡從14歲到65歲不等。）
2）The flavour of food varies from place to place. （食品的風(fēng)味各地都不同。）
Crimes vary in degree in the same way that…that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)同位語從句對(duì)way作進(jìn)一步的說明。in the same way意思是“以同樣的方式”。
1）We would do it in the same way that you did last time. （我們將用你上次所用的同樣方法來做這件事。）
2）The teacher talked to the boy in the same way that his teacher had talked to him years ago. （那位老師用多年前他的老師與他交談的方式同那個(gè)男孩談話。）
6.In addition to breaking the law themselves， people tolerate various levels of crime.
in addition to意思是“除…之外（還）…”， to是介詞，在其后要用名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
1）In addition to bread， I bought you some milk. （除了面包，我還給你買了些牛奶。）
2）In addition to holding a full-time job， he tutored some primary school children.（除了一份全日制的工作，他還輔導(dǎo)幾個(gè)小學(xué)的孩子。）
tolerate是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，意思是put up with （忍受、寬恕）；accept （允許）
1）They tolerate the existence of opinions contrary to their own. （他們?cè)试S相反觀點(diǎn)的存在。）
2）I cannot imagine how he tolerated the isolation. （我不能想象他是如何忍受這份孤獨(dú)的。）
7.We become used to seeing blood on the news on television. Become是一個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞，used to與連系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞連用，意思是“習(xí)慣”，used to單獨(dú)用時(shí)，意思是“過去，曾經(jīng)”。
1）He is getting used to living in the south. （他正在習(xí)慣南方的生活。）
2）I have become used to getting up early in the morning. （我已習(xí)慣早起。）
1）He used to work for the government. （他曾為政府做事。）
2）They used to live in the same city. （他們?cè)谕蛔鞘猩钸^。）
請(qǐng)注意be used to中的to是個(gè)介詞，后面要用名詞或動(dòng)名詞，used to中的to是個(gè)不定式符號(hào)，后面用動(dòng)詞原形。
8.When it comes to respecting the rights of a mass of anonymous individuals， we might not be so responsible.
When it comes to相當(dāng)于so far as…is concerned意思是“就…而言”，“說到…時(shí)”。To是個(gè)介詞，后面用名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
1）He is not good at math， but when it comes to English， he is the best. （他的數(shù)學(xué)不好，要說到英語他是好的。）
2）When it comes to giving due respect to the old people， she feels a bit uneasy.（說到給老人應(yīng)有的尊敬，她有些不自在。）
請(qǐng)注意mass與mess的區(qū)別。Mass的意思是“團(tuán)，塊；群；大量”；mess的意思是“混亂；一團(tuán)糟”。
1）The floating masses office would prove to be a threat to the ships. （大塊大塊的浮冰對(duì)船只將是個(gè)威脅。）
2）They have collected a great mass of data. （他們已收集了大量資料。）
3）The room is a mess. （這房間又臟又亂。）
4）They made a mess of the job. （他們把事情搞得一團(tuán)糟。）
9.While most people would not steal a wallet containing $50， they may not mind cheating on taxes， because cheating on taxes does not hurt any one person.
本句中的while意思是although（雖然，盡管），如：
1）While he is respected， he is not well-liked. （盡管他受人尊敬，但并不被人喜歡。）
2）While I admit his good points， I can see his shortcomings. （盡管我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)我還是看到他的缺點(diǎn)的。）
在動(dòng)詞mind的后面要用動(dòng)名詞、名詞短語或從句：
1）Mind the wet paint！ （當(dāng)心，油漆未干。）
2）Mind your own business！ （別管閑事！）
3）Would you mind my smoking？ （我抽煙你介意嗎？）
4）I don't mind tell him all I know. （我不介意把我所知道的都告訴他。）
5）Mind that you don't forget the meeting. （注意別忘了開會(huì)。）
10.Perhaps this is why someone who robs a few dollars by force from a corner store will often end up with a longer jail term than a fraud artist who swindles thousands of dollars…
by force意思是“憑借暴力，強(qiáng)迫地”，如：
1）Several youngsters robbed the bank by force. （幾個(gè)年輕人以暴力搶劫銀行。）
2）The boy was robbed of his money by force. （那個(gè)男孩的錢被強(qiáng)搶了。）
end up的意思是“結(jié)束，告終”，如：
1）You will end up in prison if you go on stealing. （如果你繼續(xù)偷下去，你終會(huì)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄的。）
2）Wasteful people usually end up in debt. （揮霍浪費(fèi)者后往往負(fù)債。）
3）We ended up taking a taxi there. （我們終乘出租車去了那兒。）
4）The party ended up with a chorus. （晚會(huì)后以合唱結(jié)束。）
5）If we go on in this way， we shall end up with millions and millions of unemployed.（如果我們繼續(xù)這樣下去，結(jié)果會(huì)有數(shù)百萬人失業(yè)。）
term在本句中的意思是“期限”，如：
serve one's term of service （服規(guī)定年限的兵役）
get a term of ten years in prison （被判十年徒刑）
during one's term of office （任職期間）
11.The police would never be able to keep an eye on everyone， and people would still find ways to bend new laws.
keep an eye on意思是“照看；密切注意”，如：
1）Can you keep an eye on the baby while I go shopping？ （我去購物時(shí)你能幫我照看一下孩子嗎？）
2）Parents won't be able to keep an eye on the children all the time. （父母不可能時(shí)時(shí)注意孩子們。）
bend在本句中的意思是“任意歪曲，篡改”，如：
1）They tried in vain to bend the rules of the game. （他們篡改比賽規(guī)則的企圖沒有成功。）
2）He took advantage of his power to bend the law to suit his own purposes. （他利用權(quán)力篡改法律以適合自己的目的。）
本課主要詞組
1.think of 2.be aware
3.go through 4.in case
5.divide into 6.in the same way
7.range from 8.in addition to
9.be tolerant of 10.become used to
11.care about 12.prevent from
13.when it comes to 14.by force
15.end up 16.keep an eye on
Text B Marriage in iran and America：a study in contrasts
短語表達(dá)
I. Phrases and expressions
1.compare with
Compared with the products of their factory， ours are superior in quality.
Compared with many other women in her days， she was really lucky.
2.for the purpose of
He cheated on the exam for the purpose of getting a high score.
He told a lie for the purpose of avoiding a possible punishment.
3.a number of
A number of local residents have moved to a new residential area.
A number of miners who had been trapped were saved.
4.be willing to
He was willing to lend us a helping hand when we were in need.
The man was not willing to admit that he was wrong.
5.be married to
She was married to a handsome young man from Germany.
The girl stood up and said she was willing to be married to the poor artist.
6.be involved in
No one wanted to be involved in this matter.
Mr. Li didn't expect that his son could be involved in this robbery.
7.respond to
How did the audience respond to your speech？
He responded to his wife's complaints by turning a deaf ear to her.
8.be allowed to
He is allowed to read in prison.
The boy is not allowed to play video games.
本課主要單詞
1.tough adj. 強(qiáng)壯的；粗暴的；老的；艱苦的
1）The tough mountaineer succeeded in getting to the top of the mountain.
（那位強(qiáng)壯的登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員成功地登上了山頂。）
2）Camels are tough and hardy creatures. （駱駝是能吃苦耐勞的動(dòng)物。）
3）Those tough law-breaking youngsters should be dealt with seriously. （應(yīng)該嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待那些無法無天的青少年。）
4）She complained about the tough steak.（她抱怨牛排太老。）
5）They had a tough time during the war. （戰(zhàn)爭期間她們苦熬度日。）
6）He'll be tough on you if you bother him. （如果你麻煩他，他會(huì)對(duì)你不客氣。）
7）It was tough to get a satisfactory job.（找一份令人滿意的工作很不容易。）
2.crime n. 罪；罪行
criminal n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的；刑事的
1）He committed a crime against the security of the state. （他犯了危害國家安全罪。）
2）It is a crime to waste so much food. （浪費(fèi)那么多食物是一種罪過。）
3）The president is determined to bring down the crime rate. （總統(tǒng)下決心使犯罪率下降。）
4）The wanted criminal had no place to hide. （被通緝的罪犯無處可藏。）
5）The man was found to have a criminal record.（那人被發(fā)現(xiàn)有犯罪記錄。）
6）The criminal police are working on a major case. （刑警隊(duì)在著手一起大案。）
3.drunk adj. 醉的
1）He was so drunk that he could not walk. （他醉得路都走不起來了。）
2）He was charged with drunk driving. （他被指控酒后駕車。）
3）The young man was drunk with success. （那個(gè)年青人因?yàn)槌晒Χ茸砹?。?BR> 4.custom n. 習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗
customs n. 海關(guān)
customary adj. 習(xí)慣上的
1）It is her custom to go for a walk every morning. （她慣常每天早上去散步。）
2）They didn't know much about the customs of the country they were going to visit. （對(duì)他們將要訪問的那個(gè)國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣他們了解得不多。）
3）It won't take you long to pass the customs. （通過海關(guān)檢查不會(huì)花你們太多時(shí)間。）
4）It is customary to exchange gifts at Christmas. （圣誕節(jié)時(shí)人們互贈(zèng)禮物是一種習(xí)俗。）
5.admit v. 承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入
admission n. 承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入
1）He admitted his guilt to the police. （他向警方承認(rèn)犯罪。）
2）The boy admitted to his teacher that he was wrong. （那男孩向老師承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了。）
3）There were no windows to admit air. （沒有窗子可使空氣流入。）
4）David was admitted into the school basketball team. （大衛(wèi)被納為籃球隊(duì)的隊(duì)員。）
5）None of them admitted to cheating on exams.（他們都不承認(rèn)考試作弊。）
6）She admitted to having a strong like for light beer. （她承認(rèn)自己很喜歡淡啤酒。）
7）His admission that he had committed the theft proved John's innocence.（他承認(rèn)偷竊，從而證明了約翰的清白。）
8）He was refused admission into the club. （他未獲準(zhǔn)加入俱樂部。）
9） Admission to the park is free. （公園免費(fèi)進(jìn)入。）
請(qǐng)注意下面幾組詞，找出其構(gòu)詞的規(guī)律：
admit/admission emit/emission
transmit/transmission submit/submission
6.tape n. 磁帶 v. 用帶子捆扎；用膠布封住；把…錄于
1）The teacher asked us to listen to English tapes when we had time. （老師讓我們有空時(shí)聽英語磁帶。）
2）She spent a whole morning taping the presents.（她花了一個(gè)上午的時(shí)間捆扎禮物。）
3）As there was nobody at home， he taped a note to the door.（因?yàn)榧抑袩o人，他便用膠布把一張字條粘貼在門上。）
4）The robber taped the watchman's mouth. （搶劫犯用膠布封住守門人的嘴。）
5）He taped the conversation secretly. （他偷偷把談話用磁帶錄了下來。）
7.jail n. 監(jiān)獄
1）He was put into jail for armed robbery. （他因武裝搶劫被送進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。）
2）The young man escaped from jail. （那個(gè)年輕人逃出了監(jiān)獄。）
3）He was sentenced to two weeks in jail. （他被判監(jiān)禁兩周。）
8.fatal adj. 致命的；重大的
fatality n. 死亡者；死亡事故
1）He received a fatal wound in the battle. （他在戰(zhàn)斗中受了致命傷。）
2）The fatal eruption of the volcano caused unimaginable losses. （火山毀滅性的噴發(fā)造成了難以想像的損失。）
3）Mutual trust is fatal to friendship. （相互信任對(duì)于友誼來說不可或缺。）
4）The accident caused several fatalities. （事故造成數(shù)人死亡。）
5）They are trying to reduce the fatality of heart disease. （他們正努力降低心臟病的致命性。）
9.threaten v. 威脅
在前一單元中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了名詞threat，-en是個(gè)動(dòng)詞后綴，加在名詞或形容詞的后面可以構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，如：
1）加在名詞后面：heighten， lengthen， hasten
2）加在形容詞后面：shorten， brighten， quicken
10.tolerate v. 忍受；寬恕
tolerant adj. 容忍的
tolerance n. 忍受；寬容；忍耐力
1）I cannot tolerate his dishonesty. （我不能容忍他的不誠實(shí)。）
2）We will not tolerate their distorting the fact. （我們不會(huì)容忍他們歪曲事實(shí)。）
3）He is tolerant of different opinions. （他能容忍不同意見。）
4）These plants are tolerant of extreme heat. （這些植物能耐酷熱。）
5）My tolerance of your impoliteness is limited. （我對(duì)你的無禮的忍耐是有限的。）
11.limit n. 限制 v. 限制
limited adj. 有限的
1）She had reached the limit of her patience. （她已到了忍無可忍的地步。）
2）He was fined for exceeding the speed limit. （他因超過車速限制而被罰款。）
3）Try to limit your talk to 5 minutes. （請(qǐng)盡量把話在五分鐘內(nèi)說完。）
4）He limited himself to 10 cigarettes a day. （他限定自己一天抽10支煙。）
5）We must make good use of the limited resources. （我們必須好好利用有限的資源。）
6）Time is limited， we have to step here today. （時(shí)間有限，我們今天只能講到這兒。）
off limits 禁止進(jìn)入
within limits 適度的；在一定范圍內(nèi)
without limit 無限制地
12.celebrate v. 慶祝
celebration n. 慶祝
1）We'll go to celebrate grandma’s 70th birthday this weekend. （這個(gè)周末我們?nèi)c祝祖母70歲生日。）
2）They are singing and dancing to celebrate their victory. （他們唱歌、跳舞慶祝勝利。）
3）The birthday celebration will be held at home. （生日慶典將在家舉行。）
4）The celebration of Chinese New Year used to include a display of fireworks. （過去中國新年慶典包括放焰火。）
13.anonymous adj. 匿名的
an是一個(gè)前綴，用在元音字母或輔音h前，表示“非”，“沒有”，“缺乏”，
如：anarchy（無政府），anonym（匿名者）。
onym是個(gè)詞根，意思是name（名字），如antonym（反義詞），synonym（同義詞）
-ous是一個(gè)形容詞后綴，如dangerous， famous
1）He was greatly disturbed by the anonymous letter. （匿名信令他極度不安。）
2）The author wishes to remain anonymous. （作者不希望披露姓名。）
14.cheat v. 欺騙；作弊 n. 騙子
1）The old lady told the policeman that she had been cheated of all her savings.（那位老太太告訴警察她被人騙取了她所有的積蓄。）
2）He was cheated into believing that he was an adopted son. （他被騙得相信自己是個(gè)養(yǎng)子。）
3）He said that many high school students cheated on exams. （他說許多中學(xué)生考試作弊。）
4）The singer was said to have cheated on income taxes. （據(jù)說那位歌手在所得稅上弄虛作假。）
5）These drinks I've bought are a cheat， they taste so strange. （我買的這些飲料間冒牌貨，味道很怪。）
6）How could you be friends with these cheats？ （你怎么能與騙子為友呢？）
15.abstract a. 抽象的 n. 摘要 v. 提??；摘錄…的要點(diǎn)
1）He couldn't understand this abstract idea. （他不能理解這個(gè)抽象概念。）
2）An abstract of this paper is needed. （需要有這篇論文的摘要。）
3）He is abstracting a story for a book review. （他正在為一篇書評(píng)撰寫故事梗概。）
4）They are trying to abstract iron from ore. （他們正試圖從礦石中提取鐵。）
16.rob v. 搶劫；非法剝奪
1）He was robbed twice in the downtown area. （他在鬧市區(qū)兩次被搶。）
2）A jewelry store was robbed last night. （昨晚一家珠寶店遭搶劫。）
3）She was robbed of her purse on the bus. （在公共汽車上，她的錢包被搶。）
4）The pain robbed him of sleep. （疼痛使他不能入睡。）
5）The child was robbed of an opportunity to see his mother. （那孩子被剝奪了見母親的機(jī)會(huì)。）
17.fraud n. 欺騙；騙局
1）He obtained the money by fraud. （他騙得了那筆錢。）
2）His explanation was nothing but a fraud. （他的解釋完全是騙人的鬼話。）
3）What he did was a fraud on the customers. （他的所為是對(duì)顧客的一種欺騙行為。）
18.swindle v. 詐騙 n. 詐騙行為
1）He tried to swindle the insurance company. （他欺騙詐騙保險(xiǎn)公司。）
2）Some old people are easily swindled. （有些老人很容易受騙。）
3）The boy swindled the old man out of his money. （那個(gè)男孩騙取了老先生的錢財(cái)。）
4）The big bank swindle involved a lot of people. （許多人與這起詐騙銀行的大案有牽連。）
19.honesty n. 誠實(shí)；坦率
在第十四單元中我們學(xué)過副詞honestly.honest是個(gè)形容詞。-y是名詞后綴，加在動(dòng)詞或形容詞后面可以構(gòu)成名詞。
如：delivery， discovery， recovery， flattery， modesty， jealousy.
如果我們?cè)趆onest， honesty前面加上前綴dis-則可以構(gòu)成反義詞。
1）His honesty wins him a lot of friends. （他的誠實(shí)贏得了許多朋友。）
2）In all honesty I'm at my wit’s end. （說實(shí)話，我現(xiàn)在是智窮計(jì)盡。）
3）He is honest to his friends （他對(duì)朋友很真誠。）
4）Nobody wanted to have anything to do with this dishonest chap. （誰都不想與這個(gè)不誠實(shí)的家伙打交道。）
5）His dishonesty gave his parents a shock. （他的不誠實(shí)令他的父母大為吃驚。）
20. probably adv. 很可能，大概，或許
probable adj. 有可能
probability n. 可能性
1）He will probably refuse your help. （他很可能會(huì)拒絕你的幫助。）
2）Their team will probably win the game. （他們隊(duì)或許會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。）
3）It's probable that they will come earlier. （他們可能會(huì)早點(diǎn)來。）
4）Overloading was the probable cause of the accident. （超載是事故的可能起因。）
5）There is no probability that he will succeed. （他不可能成功。）
6）There is every probability that she will make a fuss over the matter. （她很可能對(duì)此事大驚小怪。）
本課簡介
在本篇課文中作者告訴我們并不只是粗野之人才犯罪，生活中看似無大礙的事情往往有違法律。現(xiàn)實(shí)生活是復(fù)雜的，不可能像在電影中一 樣，簡單地把人分為好人和壞人。如同疾病可以輕至感冒重至癌癥一樣，犯罪行為也是有程度的輕重的。人們會(huì)對(duì)某些違法行為持寬容態(tài)度，這也許是因?yàn)槿藗兿虢?此來為自己的某些違法行為開脫。另外，報(bào)刊、電視上的暴力使得人們對(duì)犯罪司空見慣。在許多情況下，人們不忍去傷害一個(gè)具體的人，而對(duì)某個(gè)不甚具體的群體或 個(gè)體加以傷害卻并不在意。人們對(duì)于違法行為的種種錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)必須得以糾正。嚴(yán)法酷刑、警方的嚴(yán)加防范也許都不能使人完全免于犯罪，變得誠實(shí)，每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)從 自己做起，使我們的社會(huì)成為一個(gè)文明的法制社會(huì)。
本課語言點(diǎn)
1.Who do you think breaks the law in our society？
本句中do you think是個(gè)插入語，插入語用于問句中在英語中也是十分常見的，如：
1）What performance do you think they will put on？ （你認(rèn)為他們會(huì)表演什么節(jié)目？）
2）When do you suppose they will see us？ （你認(rèn)為他們什么時(shí)候會(huì)見我們？）
3）Where do you suggest we should go during the holiday？ （你建議我們假期去哪兒？）
4）How long did he say he would spend on that book？ （他說他要在那本書上花多長時(shí)間？）
5）What do you suggest he should do to make up for the loss？ （為了彌補(bǔ)損失，你建議他該做些什么？）
2.Has anyone you know ever driven drunk？
本句中的drunk是個(gè)過去分詞，在句子中做狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞driven，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況。這類用法也十分常見，如：
1）He turned away disappointed. （他失望地走開了。）
2）They went home exhausted. （他們回到家里已筋疲力盡了。）
3）We joined in the discussion unprepared. （我們毫無準(zhǔn)備地加入了討論。）
Ever是個(gè)常用詞，在使用該詞時(shí)，常有人犯各種錯(cuò)誤。我們來看一下ever的主要用法。
1）表示將來或過去的任何時(shí)間。用于否定句、疑問句、條件句中：
Have you ever been to Paris？ （你去過巴黎嗎？）
Nothing ever makes him happier. （從沒有什么事會(huì)使他更開心。）
If you are ever in China， please let me know. （如果你什么時(shí)候在中國，請(qǐng)讓我知道。）
2）用于表示比較的從句中：
It is raining harder than ever. （雨越下越大了。）
This is the highest mountain I have ever climbed. （這是我所爬過的高的山。）
The last I ever met him was in Nanjing. （我后遇見他是在南京。）
3）用于特殊疑問句中，表示“究竟”，“到底”，“用任何方式”等：
How can I ever thank you？ （我究竟怎樣才能感謝你？）
Who ever can it be？ （那究竟會(huì)是誰呢？）
Why ever did you say so？ （你究竟為什么這樣說？）
4）表示“總是”：“不斷地”：“永遠(yuǎn)”：
He is ever ready to help others. （他總是樂于幫助他人。）
The little boy is ever making the same mistakes. （那個(gè)小男孩總是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。）
Everybody was amazed at her ever youthful face. （每一個(gè)人都為她永遠(yuǎn)年輕的容貌感到驚奇。）
3.Won't some of your frends admit that they have stolen an item from a store？
請(qǐng)注意本句中的動(dòng)詞admit的用法。admit做及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，表示“承認(rèn)”，“確認(rèn)”，“接納”。Admit做不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，表示“通往”：“承認(rèn)”
1）He admitted threatening Larry. （他承認(rèn)恐嚇了拉里。）
2）The young man was admitted to Harvard. （那位年輕人被哈佛錄取了。）
3）This door admits to the backyard. （這扇門通向后院。）
4）He admitted to having broken the vase. （他承認(rèn)打碎了花瓶。）
5）The shop assistant admitted that she had taken the money. （店員承認(rèn)是她拿了錢。）
4.in case you did not know， all of these acts are against the law.本句話的意思是“如果你以前不知道，所有這些行為都是違法的?！?BR> in case用于引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句和目的狀語從句，在從句中，動(dòng)詞可以用虛擬語氣，形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形，也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，如：
1）Please remind me of it in case I （should） forget. （萬一我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐?。?BR> 2）You had better leave the key at home in case I （should） think of coming back. （你好把鑰匙留在家里以免我想回來。）
5.In the same way that diseases range from the common cold to fatal forms of cancer， crimes vary in degree.
本句中的range from和vary在前面的課文中都已出現(xiàn)過，再請(qǐng)看幾個(gè)例句。
1）The participants range in age from 14 to 65.（參加者的年齡從14歲到65歲不等。）
2）The flavour of food varies from place to place. （食品的風(fēng)味各地都不同。）
Crimes vary in degree in the same way that…that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)同位語從句對(duì)way作進(jìn)一步的說明。in the same way意思是“以同樣的方式”。
1）We would do it in the same way that you did last time. （我們將用你上次所用的同樣方法來做這件事。）
2）The teacher talked to the boy in the same way that his teacher had talked to him years ago. （那位老師用多年前他的老師與他交談的方式同那個(gè)男孩談話。）
6.In addition to breaking the law themselves， people tolerate various levels of crime.
in addition to意思是“除…之外（還）…”， to是介詞，在其后要用名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
1）In addition to bread， I bought you some milk. （除了面包，我還給你買了些牛奶。）
2）In addition to holding a full-time job， he tutored some primary school children.（除了一份全日制的工作，他還輔導(dǎo)幾個(gè)小學(xué)的孩子。）
tolerate是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，意思是put up with （忍受、寬恕）；accept （允許）
1）They tolerate the existence of opinions contrary to their own. （他們?cè)试S相反觀點(diǎn)的存在。）
2）I cannot imagine how he tolerated the isolation. （我不能想象他是如何忍受這份孤獨(dú)的。）
7.We become used to seeing blood on the news on television. Become是一個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞，used to與連系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞連用，意思是“習(xí)慣”，used to單獨(dú)用時(shí)，意思是“過去，曾經(jīng)”。
1）He is getting used to living in the south. （他正在習(xí)慣南方的生活。）
2）I have become used to getting up early in the morning. （我已習(xí)慣早起。）
1）He used to work for the government. （他曾為政府做事。）
2）They used to live in the same city. （他們?cè)谕蛔鞘猩钸^。）
請(qǐng)注意be used to中的to是個(gè)介詞，后面要用名詞或動(dòng)名詞，used to中的to是個(gè)不定式符號(hào)，后面用動(dòng)詞原形。
8.When it comes to respecting the rights of a mass of anonymous individuals， we might not be so responsible.
When it comes to相當(dāng)于so far as…is concerned意思是“就…而言”，“說到…時(shí)”。To是個(gè)介詞，后面用名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
1）He is not good at math， but when it comes to English， he is the best. （他的數(shù)學(xué)不好，要說到英語他是好的。）
2）When it comes to giving due respect to the old people， she feels a bit uneasy.（說到給老人應(yīng)有的尊敬，她有些不自在。）
請(qǐng)注意mass與mess的區(qū)別。Mass的意思是“團(tuán)，塊；群；大量”；mess的意思是“混亂；一團(tuán)糟”。
1）The floating masses office would prove to be a threat to the ships. （大塊大塊的浮冰對(duì)船只將是個(gè)威脅。）
2）They have collected a great mass of data. （他們已收集了大量資料。）
3）The room is a mess. （這房間又臟又亂。）
4）They made a mess of the job. （他們把事情搞得一團(tuán)糟。）
9.While most people would not steal a wallet containing $50， they may not mind cheating on taxes， because cheating on taxes does not hurt any one person.
本句中的while意思是although（雖然，盡管），如：
1）While he is respected， he is not well-liked. （盡管他受人尊敬，但并不被人喜歡。）
2）While I admit his good points， I can see his shortcomings. （盡管我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)我還是看到他的缺點(diǎn)的。）
在動(dòng)詞mind的后面要用動(dòng)名詞、名詞短語或從句：
1）Mind the wet paint！ （當(dāng)心，油漆未干。）
2）Mind your own business！ （別管閑事！）
3）Would you mind my smoking？ （我抽煙你介意嗎？）
4）I don't mind tell him all I know. （我不介意把我所知道的都告訴他。）
5）Mind that you don't forget the meeting. （注意別忘了開會(huì)。）
10.Perhaps this is why someone who robs a few dollars by force from a corner store will often end up with a longer jail term than a fraud artist who swindles thousands of dollars…
by force意思是“憑借暴力，強(qiáng)迫地”，如：
1）Several youngsters robbed the bank by force. （幾個(gè)年輕人以暴力搶劫銀行。）
2）The boy was robbed of his money by force. （那個(gè)男孩的錢被強(qiáng)搶了。）
end up的意思是“結(jié)束，告終”，如：
1）You will end up in prison if you go on stealing. （如果你繼續(xù)偷下去，你終會(huì)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄的。）
2）Wasteful people usually end up in debt. （揮霍浪費(fèi)者后往往負(fù)債。）
3）We ended up taking a taxi there. （我們終乘出租車去了那兒。）
4）The party ended up with a chorus. （晚會(huì)后以合唱結(jié)束。）
5）If we go on in this way， we shall end up with millions and millions of unemployed.（如果我們繼續(xù)這樣下去，結(jié)果會(huì)有數(shù)百萬人失業(yè)。）
term在本句中的意思是“期限”，如：
serve one's term of service （服規(guī)定年限的兵役）
get a term of ten years in prison （被判十年徒刑）
during one's term of office （任職期間）
11.The police would never be able to keep an eye on everyone， and people would still find ways to bend new laws.
keep an eye on意思是“照看；密切注意”，如：
1）Can you keep an eye on the baby while I go shopping？ （我去購物時(shí)你能幫我照看一下孩子嗎？）
2）Parents won't be able to keep an eye on the children all the time. （父母不可能時(shí)時(shí)注意孩子們。）
bend在本句中的意思是“任意歪曲，篡改”，如：
1）They tried in vain to bend the rules of the game. （他們篡改比賽規(guī)則的企圖沒有成功。）
2）He took advantage of his power to bend the law to suit his own purposes. （他利用權(quán)力篡改法律以適合自己的目的。）
本課主要詞組
1.think of 2.be aware
3.go through 4.in case
5.divide into 6.in the same way
7.range from 8.in addition to
9.be tolerant of 10.become used to
11.care about 12.prevent from
13.when it comes to 14.by force
15.end up 16.keep an eye on
Text B Marriage in iran and America：a study in contrasts
短語表達(dá)
I. Phrases and expressions
1.compare with
Compared with the products of their factory， ours are superior in quality.
Compared with many other women in her days， she was really lucky.
2.for the purpose of
He cheated on the exam for the purpose of getting a high score.
He told a lie for the purpose of avoiding a possible punishment.
3.a number of
A number of local residents have moved to a new residential area.
A number of miners who had been trapped were saved.
4.be willing to
He was willing to lend us a helping hand when we were in need.
The man was not willing to admit that he was wrong.
5.be married to
She was married to a handsome young man from Germany.
The girl stood up and said she was willing to be married to the poor artist.
6.be involved in
No one wanted to be involved in this matter.
Mr. Li didn't expect that his son could be involved in this robbery.
7.respond to
How did the audience respond to your speech？
He responded to his wife's complaints by turning a deaf ear to her.
8.be allowed to
He is allowed to read in prison.
The boy is not allowed to play video games.