主謂一致原則
主謂一致是指句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致。我們一般遵從三個(gè)原則：
1、 語(yǔ)法一致的原則：
語(yǔ)法一致的原則是指主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與其相呼應(yīng)。但我們要注意一些特殊情況;
1) 以along with, together with, as well as, accompanied by, rather than, but, except連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)以第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)為主。
e.g. Several passengers, together with the driver, were hurt.
e.g. All students but/except Tom are going to see the film.
e.g. It is Mary rather than her students who is leaving for Beijing.
2) 表示時(shí)間，重量，長(zhǎng)度，價(jià)格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)從整體來(lái)看時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
e.g. Fifty years is not a long time.
3) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句或其他短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
e.g. To eat an apple every day is healthful.
e.g. What I want to know is when I could go home.
4) 如果主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，但前面有each, every, no等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)
e.g. Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.
2、 意義一致的原則：
意義一致的原則指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)志，主要表現(xiàn)為某些集體名詞后可跟動(dòng)詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集體名詞指整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);指具體成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。類(lèi)似這樣的集體名詞有：family, class, audience, committee, crowd, crew, group, population, team, public, council, village等。
e.g. His family has lived there for more than twenty years.。
e.g. My family are all well.
e.g. The public/ the crowd is the best judge.
3、 就近原則：
所謂就近原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它最近的詞語(yǔ)，而無(wú)須考慮其他的詞。
1) 以either…or, or, neither…nor和not only…but also連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與離謂語(yǔ)最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
e.g. Either you or he has to go there with me.
2) 由there或here引起的主語(yǔ)，而又不止是一個(gè)時(shí)，采取就近原則。
e.g. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
對(duì)于“主謂語(yǔ)一致”原則的直接考察一般是出自于完型填空題中，但現(xiàn)在職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)出題的趨勢(shì)是對(duì)這種語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的直接考察題越來(lái)越少了，但這種原則的理解卻能幫助我們解答一些文章閱讀方面的問(wèn)題。如：2002年綜合類(lèi)A級(jí)閱讀理解第3篇文章：Effects of Environmental Pollution 一文中有這樣一道題：
The word "spectres" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. pollution
B. carbon dioxide二氧化物
C. aerosols
D. ghosts
D. 分析: 文章相關(guān)句是：Two spectres haunting conservationists have hold: the prospect前途;形勢(shì)that environmental pollution might lead to the planet's becoming unbearably hot or cold.該句中的two以及謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) have been都說(shuō)明"spectres"是可數(shù)的復(fù)述名詞，所以可以直接排除A和B, 答案只能出字C和D, 現(xiàn)在有兩個(gè)方法繼續(xù)解題: 1. 借助字典, 查出"spectres"是“幽靈;鬼影”， C和D中只有D是“鬼，幽靈”，因此D是答案; 2。 借助句意或避重就輕借助上下文：接下來(lái)的一句說(shuō)：One of these ghosts has now been laid, because it seems that even an increase in the amount of …,句子中的these ghosts(這些幽靈)表明這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容與前句中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容(復(fù)數(shù)名詞)呼應(yīng), 前句中的中的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只有Two spectres 和conservationists(自然資源保護(hù)論者), 因此判斷Two spectres和these ghosts呼應(yīng), 所以答案是D. 該題考察代詞的指代內(nèi)容.
主謂一致是指句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致。我們一般遵從三個(gè)原則：
1、 語(yǔ)法一致的原則：
語(yǔ)法一致的原則是指主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與其相呼應(yīng)。但我們要注意一些特殊情況;
1) 以along with, together with, as well as, accompanied by, rather than, but, except連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)以第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)為主。
e.g. Several passengers, together with the driver, were hurt.
e.g. All students but/except Tom are going to see the film.
e.g. It is Mary rather than her students who is leaving for Beijing.
2) 表示時(shí)間，重量，長(zhǎng)度，價(jià)格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)從整體來(lái)看時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
e.g. Fifty years is not a long time.
3) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句或其他短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
e.g. To eat an apple every day is healthful.
e.g. What I want to know is when I could go home.
4) 如果主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，但前面有each, every, no等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)
e.g. Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.
2、 意義一致的原則：
意義一致的原則指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)志，主要表現(xiàn)為某些集體名詞后可跟動(dòng)詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集體名詞指整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);指具體成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。類(lèi)似這樣的集體名詞有：family, class, audience, committee, crowd, crew, group, population, team, public, council, village等。
e.g. His family has lived there for more than twenty years.。
e.g. My family are all well.
e.g. The public/ the crowd is the best judge.
3、 就近原則：
所謂就近原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它最近的詞語(yǔ)，而無(wú)須考慮其他的詞。
1) 以either…or, or, neither…nor和not only…but also連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與離謂語(yǔ)最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
e.g. Either you or he has to go there with me.
2) 由there或here引起的主語(yǔ)，而又不止是一個(gè)時(shí)，采取就近原則。
e.g. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
對(duì)于“主謂語(yǔ)一致”原則的直接考察一般是出自于完型填空題中，但現(xiàn)在職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)出題的趨勢(shì)是對(duì)這種語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的直接考察題越來(lái)越少了，但這種原則的理解卻能幫助我們解答一些文章閱讀方面的問(wèn)題。如：2002年綜合類(lèi)A級(jí)閱讀理解第3篇文章：Effects of Environmental Pollution 一文中有這樣一道題：
The word "spectres" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. pollution
B. carbon dioxide二氧化物
C. aerosols
D. ghosts
D. 分析: 文章相關(guān)句是：Two spectres haunting conservationists have hold: the prospect前途;形勢(shì)that environmental pollution might lead to the planet's becoming unbearably hot or cold.該句中的two以及謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) have been都說(shuō)明"spectres"是可數(shù)的復(fù)述名詞，所以可以直接排除A和B, 答案只能出字C和D, 現(xiàn)在有兩個(gè)方法繼續(xù)解題: 1. 借助字典, 查出"spectres"是“幽靈;鬼影”， C和D中只有D是“鬼，幽靈”，因此D是答案; 2。 借助句意或避重就輕借助上下文：接下來(lái)的一句說(shuō)：One of these ghosts has now been laid, because it seems that even an increase in the amount of …,句子中的these ghosts(這些幽靈)表明這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容與前句中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容(復(fù)數(shù)名詞)呼應(yīng), 前句中的中的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只有Two spectres 和conservationists(自然資源保護(hù)論者), 因此判斷Two spectres和these ghosts呼應(yīng), 所以答案是D. 該題考察代詞的指代內(nèi)容.