*Ⅳ不定式的完成式和進(jìn)行式的用法 (僅僅需要稍微了解即可)
1.完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：
I’m sorry not to have come on Thursday. 來(lái)源：考試大
星期四那天我沒(méi)有來(lái)，很抱歉。
The earth is said to have been part of the sun.
據(jù)說(shuō)地球過(guò)去曾經(jīng)是太陽(yáng)的一部分。
2.進(jìn)行式一般表示正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：
I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot.
我注意到他似乎煙抽得太多。
I happened to be lying in bed when she came in. 考試大
她進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我碰巧正躺在床上。
小結(jié)：
1) 不定式可做除謂語(yǔ)以外的任何其他成分----主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)：不定式本身也有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的問(wèn)題。每個(gè)不定式都有其邏輯主語(yǔ)，如果邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，不定式用主動(dòng)式，如果其邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式用被動(dòng)式。來(lái)源：www.examda.com
如：The doctor recommended him to clean the room. 醫(yī)生建議他打掃房間。
如：The doctor recommended the room to be cleaned. 醫(yī)生建議打掃房間。
2) 不定式的符號(hào)to 在一些特殊情況下經(jīng)常被省略。
A) 當(dāng)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式具有同樣的功能時(shí)，to 只用在第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式之前。
B) 在以why 引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句中不用to
e.g. He asked why (to) stay here.
C) 在had better, would rather, rather than, would sooner(寧愿), can not but(不得不), cannot help but, do nothing but(只能)等結(jié)構(gòu)后不用to
D) 在hear, listen to, feel, see, look at, watch, notice, let, make, have, leave, help等動(dòng)詞后，動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不用to
不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的考察在職稱英語(yǔ)考題中主要是以完成句子題(可能涉及到不定式結(jié)構(gòu))和文章中句子句意理解這樣的題出現(xiàn)。
如：2003年綜合B/A級(jí)完成句子考題：Keeping Cut Flowers
30. Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is ____.
A. by keeping its original shape and color
B. in the life of the cut flower
C. to produce carbon dioxide 來(lái)源：www.examda.com
D. for as long as possible
E. by controlling temperature
F. to replace the water and solution every day
文章相關(guān)句子：Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water…
……………. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.
如：2002年理工類(lèi)閱讀理解第1篇文章Mobile Phones中的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題：
According to Robert Bell, if mobile phones prove to be dangerous to people's health,(系動(dòng)詞+ 表語(yǔ))
A. they should be banned immediately.
B. the use of them should be restricted.
C. all transmitter to towers should be torn down.
D. a warning label should be attached.
解答：?jiǎn)栴}問(wèn)“如果手機(jī)被證明對(duì)人的健康有害，那么。?！保恼轮械?段的最后一句：If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised. 該句的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表述的語(yǔ)義與問(wèn)題句中條件句(帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ))的含義一致，所以判斷該句是答案相關(guān)句，并根據(jù)句意選擇答案D。
2005年衛(wèi)生類(lèi)C級(jí)閱讀理解文章中也有考題直接涉及到不定式結(jié)構(gòu):
If you draw your money before it is due, you will have to ___.
A. pay interest to the bank http://ks.examda.com
B. close your account
C. open a new account
D. pay a penalty or fee
D. 分析: have to 是“不得不/必須”， to是不定式符號(hào)。問(wèn)題句是說(shuō)“如果在你在你的前的前到期之前取錢(qián)，你將不得不…”。借助我們的相關(guān)背景知識(shí)可以對(duì)這道題進(jìn)行直接判斷：D(支付違約罰金或手續(xù)費(fèi))合適。
1.完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：
I’m sorry not to have come on Thursday. 來(lái)源：考試大
星期四那天我沒(méi)有來(lái)，很抱歉。
The earth is said to have been part of the sun.
據(jù)說(shuō)地球過(guò)去曾經(jīng)是太陽(yáng)的一部分。
2.進(jìn)行式一般表示正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：
I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot.
我注意到他似乎煙抽得太多。
I happened to be lying in bed when she came in. 考試大
她進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我碰巧正躺在床上。
小結(jié)：
1) 不定式可做除謂語(yǔ)以外的任何其他成分----主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)：不定式本身也有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的問(wèn)題。每個(gè)不定式都有其邏輯主語(yǔ)，如果邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，不定式用主動(dòng)式，如果其邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式用被動(dòng)式。來(lái)源：www.examda.com
如：The doctor recommended him to clean the room. 醫(yī)生建議他打掃房間。
如：The doctor recommended the room to be cleaned. 醫(yī)生建議打掃房間。
2) 不定式的符號(hào)to 在一些特殊情況下經(jīng)常被省略。
A) 當(dāng)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式具有同樣的功能時(shí)，to 只用在第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式之前。
B) 在以why 引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句中不用to
e.g. He asked why (to) stay here.
C) 在had better, would rather, rather than, would sooner(寧愿), can not but(不得不), cannot help but, do nothing but(只能)等結(jié)構(gòu)后不用to
D) 在hear, listen to, feel, see, look at, watch, notice, let, make, have, leave, help等動(dòng)詞后，動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不用to
不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的考察在職稱英語(yǔ)考題中主要是以完成句子題(可能涉及到不定式結(jié)構(gòu))和文章中句子句意理解這樣的題出現(xiàn)。
如：2003年綜合B/A級(jí)完成句子考題：Keeping Cut Flowers
30. Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is ____.
A. by keeping its original shape and color
B. in the life of the cut flower
C. to produce carbon dioxide 來(lái)源：www.examda.com
D. for as long as possible
E. by controlling temperature
F. to replace the water and solution every day
文章相關(guān)句子：Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water…
……………. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.
如：2002年理工類(lèi)閱讀理解第1篇文章Mobile Phones中的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題：
According to Robert Bell, if mobile phones prove to be dangerous to people's health,(系動(dòng)詞+ 表語(yǔ))
A. they should be banned immediately.
B. the use of them should be restricted.
C. all transmitter to towers should be torn down.
D. a warning label should be attached.
解答：?jiǎn)栴}問(wèn)“如果手機(jī)被證明對(duì)人的健康有害，那么。?！保恼轮械?段的最后一句：If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised. 該句的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表述的語(yǔ)義與問(wèn)題句中條件句(帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ))的含義一致，所以判斷該句是答案相關(guān)句，并根據(jù)句意選擇答案D。
2005年衛(wèi)生類(lèi)C級(jí)閱讀理解文章中也有考題直接涉及到不定式結(jié)構(gòu):
If you draw your money before it is due, you will have to ___.
A. pay interest to the bank http://ks.examda.com
B. close your account
C. open a new account
D. pay a penalty or fee
D. 分析: have to 是“不得不/必須”， to是不定式符號(hào)。問(wèn)題句是說(shuō)“如果在你在你的前的前到期之前取錢(qián)，你將不得不…”。借助我們的相關(guān)背景知識(shí)可以對(duì)這道題進(jìn)行直接判斷：D(支付違約罰金或手續(xù)費(fèi))合適。