二、部分倒裝
1.否定詞或具有(半)否定意義的詞語置于句首作為句首狀語時，一般必須采用部分倒裝語序。
具有否定或半否定意義的詞和詞組有：no, never, seldom, little, few, rarely, hardly, never before, nowhere, no longer, no more, not until, not only, at no time(決不), in no way(決不), in/under no circumstances(決不), in no case(決不), on no account(決不), hardly…when, scarcely…when/before, no sooner……than, not only…but(also)等。如：
Never before have I seen such a wonderful(奇妙的) park.我從來未看見過這樣美麗的公園。
Comp: I have never seen such a wonderful park before.
No sooner had I gone out than it rained.我剛出去，就下雨了。
Comp: I had no sooner (一但...立即)gone out than it rained.
Seldom have I met him recently(最近). 最近我很少遇見他。
Comp: I have seldom met him recently.
Under no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapons(核武器).無論在什么情況下我們都不會首先使用核武器。
Comp: We will not be the first to use weapons under any circumstances.
Not only did he refuse(拒絕) the gift, he also severely(嚴厲地) criticized (批評)the young sender.他不僅拒絕收禮，而且嚴厲地批評了年輕的送禮者。
Comp: He not only refused the gift, he (but) also severely criticized the young sender.
2.當置于句首的賓語是nothing, no one, nobody等否定詞，或被not a修飾時，句子要部分倒裝。如：
Nothing would the poor child reply(回答).那個可憐的孩子什么也不回答。
Comp: The poor child would reply nothing.
Not a single word did Tom speak.湯姆一句話也不說。
Comp: Tom did not speak a single word.
3.“only + 副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句”位于句首，即當句首狀語由only修飾時，需要采用部分倒裝。如：
Only in Beijing have I seen so beautiful scenery(景色).只有在北京我才見過這樣美麗的景色。
Comp: I have seen so beautiful scenery only in Beijing.
Only if/when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.只有病得很重時，他才會躺在床上。
Comp: He stays in bed only when he is seriously ill.
4.“so……that”結構中的“so+狀語”位于句首表示強調時，需要部分倒裝。如：
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他說話聲大的隔壁的人都能聽得見。
Comp: He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.
5.由so(neither, nor)指代前面一句的內容表示“也是(也不)”的意義時，通常位于句首，并引起倒裝, 如：
Tom can’t speak French. Nor(Neither) can Jack.湯姆不會講法語，杰克也不會講。
He has finished his work, and so have I.他已經(jīng)完成了工作，我也是。
注意：當so 引出的句子是對上文的內容加以證實或肯定時，不用倒裝。例：
“Bill will win the prize.”—so(是的)he will.
6.用于were, had或should等詞開頭的虛擬條件句(即省略了if的虛擬條件句中)，也引起部分倒裝，但如從句中沒有were, had或should,則不能這樣做。如：
Should he come, tell him to ring me up。他要是來了，讓他給我打個電話。
Comp: If he should come,...
Were I in your position, I would go. 如果我處于你的位置上，我就去。
Comp: If I were in your position, ...
Had they not helped us, our experiment(實驗) would have failed(失敗).如果沒有他們的幫助，我們的實驗是會失敗的。
Comp: If they had not helped us, ...
7.以no matter how或however引導的讓步狀語從句，會出現(xiàn)倒裝的情況，如：
No matter how busy he is, he has to attend (出席)the meeting,無論多忙，他都得去參加會議。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming(去游泳).無論多冷他總是去游泳。
當對as等引導的分句中的形容詞、分詞、副詞強調時，一般采取以下倒裝結構：形容詞/分詞/副詞/+as/ +主語+謂語
Strong as he is, he cannot lift(舉起) the big stone.盡管他很強壯，他仍然舉不起這塊大石頭。
1.否定詞或具有(半)否定意義的詞語置于句首作為句首狀語時，一般必須采用部分倒裝語序。
具有否定或半否定意義的詞和詞組有：no, never, seldom, little, few, rarely, hardly, never before, nowhere, no longer, no more, not until, not only, at no time(決不), in no way(決不), in/under no circumstances(決不), in no case(決不), on no account(決不), hardly…when, scarcely…when/before, no sooner……than, not only…but(also)等。如：
Never before have I seen such a wonderful(奇妙的) park.我從來未看見過這樣美麗的公園。
Comp: I have never seen such a wonderful park before.
No sooner had I gone out than it rained.我剛出去，就下雨了。
Comp: I had no sooner (一但...立即)gone out than it rained.
Seldom have I met him recently(最近). 最近我很少遇見他。
Comp: I have seldom met him recently.
Under no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapons(核武器).無論在什么情況下我們都不會首先使用核武器。
Comp: We will not be the first to use weapons under any circumstances.
Not only did he refuse(拒絕) the gift, he also severely(嚴厲地) criticized (批評)the young sender.他不僅拒絕收禮，而且嚴厲地批評了年輕的送禮者。
Comp: He not only refused the gift, he (but) also severely criticized the young sender.
2.當置于句首的賓語是nothing, no one, nobody等否定詞，或被not a修飾時，句子要部分倒裝。如：
Nothing would the poor child reply(回答).那個可憐的孩子什么也不回答。
Comp: The poor child would reply nothing.
Not a single word did Tom speak.湯姆一句話也不說。
Comp: Tom did not speak a single word.
3.“only + 副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句”位于句首，即當句首狀語由only修飾時，需要采用部分倒裝。如：
Only in Beijing have I seen so beautiful scenery(景色).只有在北京我才見過這樣美麗的景色。
Comp: I have seen so beautiful scenery only in Beijing.
Only if/when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.只有病得很重時，他才會躺在床上。
Comp: He stays in bed only when he is seriously ill.
4.“so……that”結構中的“so+狀語”位于句首表示強調時，需要部分倒裝。如：
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他說話聲大的隔壁的人都能聽得見。
Comp: He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.
5.由so(neither, nor)指代前面一句的內容表示“也是(也不)”的意義時，通常位于句首，并引起倒裝, 如：
Tom can’t speak French. Nor(Neither) can Jack.湯姆不會講法語，杰克也不會講。
He has finished his work, and so have I.他已經(jīng)完成了工作，我也是。
注意：當so 引出的句子是對上文的內容加以證實或肯定時，不用倒裝。例：
“Bill will win the prize.”—so(是的)he will.
6.用于were, had或should等詞開頭的虛擬條件句(即省略了if的虛擬條件句中)，也引起部分倒裝，但如從句中沒有were, had或should,則不能這樣做。如：
Should he come, tell him to ring me up。他要是來了，讓他給我打個電話。
Comp: If he should come,...
Were I in your position, I would go. 如果我處于你的位置上，我就去。
Comp: If I were in your position, ...
Had they not helped us, our experiment(實驗) would have failed(失敗).如果沒有他們的幫助，我們的實驗是會失敗的。
Comp: If they had not helped us, ...
7.以no matter how或however引導的讓步狀語從句，會出現(xiàn)倒裝的情況，如：
No matter how busy he is, he has to attend (出席)the meeting,無論多忙，他都得去參加會議。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming(去游泳).無論多冷他總是去游泳。
當對as等引導的分句中的形容詞、分詞、副詞強調時，一般采取以下倒裝結構：形容詞/分詞/副詞/+as/ +主語+謂語
Strong as he is, he cannot lift(舉起) the big stone.盡管他很強壯，他仍然舉不起這塊大石頭。