關(guān)于ACCA的考試回憶,和對(duì)CORE PAPER內(nèi)容的整理(二)

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我每天帶上一門的書與講義,搖搖晃晃的擠地鐵,再擠電梯,一門一門KEY著,有同事路過總會(huì)驚訝的說,咦,你怎么還在寫這個(gè)???
    周圍的每一個(gè)沒有過CPA的人都在看書,特投入,特安靜,除了我,魚對(duì)我說,我覺得你還沉浸在ACCA過了的喜悅中,我說不是。我在打這些的時(shí)候,倒是充滿了回憶知識(shí)的痛苦呵呵,走上ACCA的路只是一個(gè)契機(jī),這個(gè)契機(jī)給了我很多,也讓我失去了很多,我想當(dāng)青春背上一個(gè)重?fù)?dān)時(shí),腳步難免躑躅,只是在結(jié)束的那一刻,我總想留下些什么,給自己的這段路做個(gè)交代。
    開始3.7吧,還是以REVISION上面的分類整理
    這門初看的時(shí)候覺得很復(fù)雜,因?yàn)樯婕暗胶芏嘟鹑诠ぞ?,投資融資及期貨期權(quán)的問題,在工作中基本接觸不到,而且這門基本上是CORE PAPER中做低的一門。復(fù)習(xí)下來會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),題目都會(huì)很典型,把題型摸透了,還是比較容易上手。因?yàn)槲以诳搭}目的時(shí)候,會(huì)把當(dāng)時(shí)看下來的感受寫在題目旁邊,所以我會(huì)把我當(dāng)初看的時(shí)候覺得思路特清楚可以多看看的的幾道題標(biāo)出來,簡(jiǎn)稱清楚題:)
    幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)理論:NPV,discount rates, free cash flows, CAPM, portfolio theory.
    A Objectives and strategy formulation
    清楚題 04/6 Wurrall:很清楚,蠻全的,可以多看幾次
    99/6 Hanme: APPENDIX的計(jì)算可以再看看,用來練手
    01/12 Wickern:挺清楚的,可以再看
    03/12 Snowwell: 挺清楚的,可以再看
    關(guān)于財(cái)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略的題,以前的考試也都考過,但現(xiàn)在多些文字,再多些RATE的計(jì)算,拿下:)
    Turnover
    (operating costs before depreciation)
    Balance
    (Tax allowable depreciation)
    Earning before interest and tax
    (Net interest payable)
    Profit on ordinary activities before tax
    (Tax on ordinary activities)
    Profit after tax
    (Dividends)
    Amount transferred to reserves
    會(huì)要求寫假設(shè)
    再寫假設(shè)的局限
    其實(shí)這樣的題型比較完整的應(yīng)該是出現(xiàn)在PART E里,我再后面會(huì)再提及,這個(gè)部分還是比較側(cè)重于財(cái)務(wù)管理的一些常規(guī)公式:profitability, gearing, liquidity ,working capital, stock market
    B Investment decisions and risk analysis
    清楚題 99/6 Tovell: APPENDIX的計(jì)算可以再看看
    00/12 Fuelit:挺好的,弄明白了,看看
    04/6 Zendeck:純關(guān)于WACC
    03/6 Hasder: 多看看,與98/6Phantom放在一起看,理解公式
    04/12 Trosoft:挺好,多看看,APV
    簡(jiǎn)單整理:
    ⑴Time value of money: FV=PV*(1+n)n
    ⑵Discount factor:題目給,或者(1+r)-n
    ⑶Annuities:
    PV of deferred annuity=annual cash flow*annuity factor*PV factor
    ⑷Perpetuities:
    PV of a perpeturity=P0=annual cash flow/discount rate
    ⑸NPV:
    時(shí)間1 時(shí)間2 時(shí)間3時(shí)間4
    Receipts:
    Payments:
    (wages)
    (materials)
    (variable/fixed overheads)
    (administration/distribution expenses)
    (capital allowances/tax allowable depreciation)
    Taxable profits(EBIT)
    (Tax)
    Add back: capital allowances/tax allowable depreciation
    (initial outlay)
    NRV
    Working capital 0-/n+
    Net cash flow
    Discount rate
    PV
    NPV
    Free cash flows=EBIT(1-t)+capital investment+/-change in WC
    可考慮的factor: social responsibility, risk, technical, economic, fiscal, CAPM limitation, reliability, sensitivity analysis,
    未來的現(xiàn)金流不包括沉沒成本,非現(xiàn)金支出(折舊等),在做決定前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的費(fèi)用支出等。
    ⑹Fisher equation: (1+money rate)=(1+real rate)*(1+general inflation rate)
    ⑺WACC= Ke*E+ Kd(1-t)*D
    E+D E+D
    注意其他的相關(guān)公式如Ke \Kd \real rate的計(jì)算及相關(guān)的assumption: inflation rate 等等
    ⑻EVA=NOPAT-capital employed*cost of capital
    注意EVA的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)
    ⑼Dividend valuation model: P0=D0(1+g)
     Ke-g
    注意相關(guān)的assumption
    ⑽the returns on a two-asset portfolio: Rp=RaXa+ RbXb
    the risk on a two-asset portfolio:δp=√δ2aX2+δ2b(1-x)2+2x(1-x)Pabδaδb
    correlation coefficient=COVab/δaδb
    ⑾Modigliani and Miller’s theory: MVg= MVu + Dt
    ⑿CAPM: required return=risk free return+ systematic risk premium
    注意assumption/limitation
    ⒀the arbitrage price model
    ⒁APV:Base case NPV
    (Issue costs)
    PV of the tax shield
    PV of interest savings on subsidized loan
    APV
    C Corporate expansion and reorganization
    清楚題 03/12 Megasal: APPENDIX可以看看
    01/6 Laceto
    00/6 Romage
    03/6 Evertalk
    Advantage/disadvantage/who benefits/financial aspects
    The max sum pay for a target company: PV of target company cash flow+ synergy\ Synergy: economies of scale/scope/vertical integration, operating, head office,
    management, financial tax shield, market power
    Problem to achieve Synergy
    Methods: cash/equity shares/preference shares/loan stock
    Regulation of takeovers
    Defend against a takeover bid: pre-bid/post bid
    P/E ratio/dividend valuation model\
    D Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
    清楚題 00/6 Retilon: 此題后附解題思路(helping hand),蠻清楚的,掌握方法
    02/6 NTC:結(jié)合上題所附方法,多做幾遍
    02/12 與上題同理,結(jié)合看
    99/12 HYK 思路很清楚,用來加強(qiáng)鞏固
    01/12 Shawter 三種避險(xiǎn)工具的利弊,挺好的
    Foreign exchange risk: transaction risk/economic risk/translation risk
    Hedge避險(xiǎn)工具: Forward market/ Money market/Futures/currency options
    這部分題型比較固定,但也比較容易記亂了,多練練就好,就把每個(gè)類型中我復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)覺得比較特別的點(diǎn)拎出來
    Forward market:payment:找最小的rate/receipts:找的rate
    左買右賣
    Money market:
    payment: invest foreign currency
    invested amount + interest on investment =payment required
    receipt: borrow foreign currency
    borrowed amount + interest on borrowing =receipt expected
    Futures/option這個(gè)就是傳說中的期貨期權(quán)拉:
    Buy for payment ,sell for receipt
    Unhedged
    Tick size: contract size*0.0001
    Basis
    時(shí)間系數(shù)
    Futures大致步驟:buy or sell
    Number of contracts
    Choose a date
    Calculate profit or loss
    Conclusion
    option大致步驟:Number of contracts
    Calls or puts?
    Contracts costs
    Hedge outcome
    interest rate risk: fixed rate loan/variable rate loan
    Hedge: forward rate agreement/interest rate
    guarantees/interest rate futures/exchange traded interest rate options
    Futures: buy a future—deposit money
     sell a future—borrow money
     basis risk
    options: buy: buy the right to buy or buy the right to sell
     call: right to buy the futures
     put: right to sell the futures
     deposits-- buy the futures—buy calls
     loan-- sell the futures—buy puts
    每種避險(xiǎn)工具的advantage/disadvantage
    SWAP: interest SWAP/currency SWAP
    Advantage/risk
    這部分我一直也不太明白,但也會(huì)一直考到,找些典型題,硬著頭皮做吧~
    Black scholes option pricing model:去年REVISION上52-55題都與此有關(guān)
    E The global environment
    清楚題 pilot Novoroast:此題關(guān)于limitation,other factor蠻完整的
    03/12 Avto: 后面的分析好好看看,架構(gòu),格式,結(jié)尾
    02/12 Intergrand:看看,模式蠻不一樣,比較怪
    DCF appraisal基本格式:
    YEAR
    Total contribution需要計(jì)算的
    (Fixed costs(with inflation))
    (Tax allowable depreciation)
    Taxable profit
    (Tax)
    Add back depreciation
    Net after-tax cash flow from operations
    Investment cash flows
    (Land and buildings)關(guān)注末年的回轉(zhuǎn)
    (Plant and machinery)
    (Working capital)掌握計(jì)算
    Cash remittable from/to **
    Exchange rate 掌握計(jì)算
    **cash remittable
    Contribution from sale
    (Tax on contribution)
    (additional tax)
    Net cash flow
    Discount factor掌握計(jì)算
    PV
    NPV
    注意PPPT,real option,兩國(guó)所得稅差額的補(bǔ)足等
    注意分析的assumption, limitation
    文字題結(jié)合案例,主要關(guān)注的為海外投資各種方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),可行性,限制,對(duì)策等,有套路可循,思路開闊些。
    F Corporate dividend policy
    01/02年考過,考的不多
    3.7基本上就到這里了,打的一身汗。
    在回憶的這三天里,我腦海里出現(xiàn)無數(shù)的畫面,曾經(jīng)為復(fù)習(xí),爬到圖書館頂樓搶位子,看著從外面射進(jìn)來的陽光一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)暗下去心也一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的沉下去;復(fù)習(xí)到一半偷偷跑出去打球,然后買杯綠豆湯在球場(chǎng)一坐兩個(gè)小時(shí),看著還有從ACCA書里逃出來的姐妹在場(chǎng)子上叫喊;和鳴還有鈺上自習(xí)到10:30然后一起回宿舍,也許還會(huì)繞到飲亭買香腸或者雞汁鹵干;考試前兩星期發(fā)消息問淮哥一個(gè)名詞的意思,然后被他狂鄙視;不會(huì)做的題目,把茂哥招到教室里來讓他一道一道的說給我聽,然后再鄙視他把題目挖的那么深;在畢業(yè)最后的日子里,身邊所有的人瘋了般過著頹廢的生活,我拿著一把荔枝找到自己的自習(xí)教室再去找也在上自習(xí)的慶偉兄還有高華兄,10:30后回宿舍拿個(gè)蘋果再奔到通宵教室。
    我考1.1的時(shí)候,緊張到給洲打長(zhǎng)途電話,是她給了我最初的信心,最后三門,又發(fā)現(xiàn)了最初的那種緊張,發(fā)狂多消息給鈺,她給的信心又伴我走到了最后。
    每次的考試,無論在哪里,老媽都在身邊;魚在每天蹭飯的同時(shí)每天給我個(gè)大大的溫暖擁抱;苯苯的小書桌全天候available;茂哥無限友情贊助著教材;淮哥,小葉子,哈姐,哪怕他們一個(gè)在忙出國(guó),一個(gè)出國(guó)回來在忙找工作,一個(gè)工作忙到只有考試的三天有三天假,他們?nèi)匀荒托牡慕o我講每一道題。
    一直不想翻開新一輪考試的書,也許天性使然,我得承認(rèn),我不是喜愛如此消耗和持久的學(xué)習(xí),從踏上這條路開始,我不止一次的憎恨過。但當(dāng)回憶起這些的時(shí)候,我就在想,我算是幸福的吧,身邊這么多的朋友還有親人,擁有這樣一段日子。
    又要開始新的征途了,又是一段很難的路,昨天給自己買了牛肉干和獼猴桃干,買了兩份報(bào)紙一份雜志,開著電視看報(bào)紙,給自己最后的放縱,明天開始,好好看書。
    最近在聽吳克群的“泛泛之輩”,張feifei同學(xué)很認(rèn)真的對(duì)我說這首歌是吃飯飯的時(shí)候唱的吧,我想我們是這樣的一群泛泛之輩,無論走多遠(yuǎn),路有多長(zhǎng),對(duì)心里的那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)可以閃亮信念的東西,從來沒有放棄過。
    祝福我的親人,還有所有朋友。