09年職稱英語概括大意與完成句子典型考題解析

字號(hào):

典型考題解析
    概括大意題
    段落中有明顯主題詞
    (選自2008年衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)概括大意與完成句子考題:Anti—aging secrets:four ways to stay young)
    A.Reduce Stress
    B.Avoid Isolation
    C.Adopt a Positive Attitude to Life
    D.Keep Your Mind Active
    E.Maintain Balance
    F.Accept Failure
    23.Paragraph 2————
    2 Keeping the mind active is the best medicine against aging.Studies have shown that persons who remain active following retirement live longer.Brainpower and physical fitness go hand—in—hand.When minds are sharpened or active,we are more likely to be physically active.Even if aging results in slight memory loss or a little confusion,brain exercises such as crossword puzzles(填字字謎)can improve memory.
    D.解析:該段一共由5個(gè)句子組成,其中有3個(gè)句子中都出現(xiàn)了單詞“active”,而且該詞幾乎是貫穿全段而出現(xiàn),因此基本上可以肯定“active”就是該段主題詞。備選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)D中出現(xiàn)了active,因此選項(xiàng)D(保持大腦活躍)很可能就是該段對(duì)應(yīng)的段落主題。其實(shí)該段的段首句(觀點(diǎn)句)就是段落主題句,該句說“保持大腦活躍是預(yù)防衰老的良方”。從該段的段落結(jié)構(gòu)來看,段落開頭提出了觀點(diǎn)--要保持大腦活躍,因?yàn)榇竽X活躍能預(yù)防衰老,接下來作者就對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析及論述:首先提到了相關(guān)研究結(jié)果――智力和身體健康息息相關(guān),然后分析了原因(智力活躍會(huì)造成身體活躍),在段落最后一句中作者提到鍛煉大腦能提高記憶力。分析段落結(jié)構(gòu)安排,查找段落主題句也是確認(rèn)段落主題的常用方法。
    (選自2007年衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)概括大意與完成句子考題:Clinical Trials)
    A Why are clinical trials done?
    B Where are clinical trials conducted?
    C Who should consider clinical trials and why?
    D What should people know before participating in a clinical trial?
    E What are clinical trials?
    F Are clinical trials safe?
    24.Paragraph 2_______.
    2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help.It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options.Other people participate in trials b—e—c—a—us—e they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.
    C.解析:段落中出現(xiàn)了明顯主題詞:people,而且是貫穿全段出現(xiàn),因此people(人,人們)是段落主題詞,因此選項(xiàng)c(誰應(yīng)該考慮臨床試驗(yàn),為什么?)和D(在參加臨床試驗(yàn)之前人們應(yīng)該了解什么?)可能是答案。其實(shí)該段中還有一個(gè)明顯的主題詞because(因?yàn)?,該詞正好與選項(xiàng)C中的why(為什么)呼應(yīng),段落結(jié)尾處出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)排比句,這兩個(gè)句子中都涉及到段落主題詞,因此這兩個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容能直接反映段落主題。這兩個(gè)句子都是在說“人們參與臨床研究是因?yàn)椋?,顯然這個(gè)內(nèi)容與選項(xiàng)C呼應(yīng),因此C是答案。
     段落中有明顯段落主題句
    (選自2007年衛(wèi)生類A/B級(jí)概括大意與完成句子考題:Facts about stroke)
    A Effects of a stroke
    B Annual cost of stroke in the US
    C Definition and description of a stroke
    D Breakthroughs in treatment
    E Risk factors of stroke
    F Warning signs of a stroke
    23.Paragraph 2_____.
    2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease.It affects the arteries(動(dòng)脈)leading to and within the brain.A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)物)to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝塊)or bursts.When that happens,part of the brain cannot get the blood(and oxygen)it needs,so it starts to die.
    C.解析:段落中出現(xiàn)了明顯的段落主題詞brain,該詞幾乎貫穿全段出現(xiàn),因此該詞應(yīng)該是其所在段落主題詞,但是被選項(xiàng)中均沒有brain出現(xiàn),因此考慮采用其他的解題技巧。接下來關(guān)注段落中是否有較明顯的段落主題句,首先關(guān)注段首句:段首句是定義句,該句說“中風(fēng)是一種心血管疾病”(提示:如果段首句是觀點(diǎn)句,概括句,定義句,則該段首句可能就是其所在段落的主題句),推測(cè)該段可能是在對(duì)中風(fēng)進(jìn)行介紹,被選項(xiàng)c恰好與段首句內(nèi)容呼應(yīng),因此C很可能是答案。其實(shí)如果采取一種“段落2宇閱讀法(閱讀段落開頭句和結(jié)尾句,段落中間跳看句子的某些結(jié)構(gòu))”,則會(huì)注意到段落中間部分的句子談到“中風(fēng)為什么會(huì)發(fā)生”,而段落結(jié)尾處提到了“中風(fēng)的發(fā)生對(duì)大腦造成的影響”,顯然這些內(nèi)容都是圍繞中風(fēng)這種疾病進(jìn)行介紹,因此進(jìn)一步肯定了C是答案。
    (選自2008年衛(wèi)生類A/B級(jí)概括大意與完成句子考題:Depression and the elderly)
    A How common is depression in later life?
    B What is depression?
    C What relieves depression in older people?
    D Why does depression in older people often go untreated?
    E Can depression in older people be treated?
    F What are the consequences of untreated depression in older people? 23.Paragraph l_____.
    1 We all feel sad at times.However,clinical depression is a serious matter.Clinical depression,sometimes called major depression,is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one’s thoughts,feelings,behavior,and physical health.When people complain that they feel terrible,they have no interest or take no pleasure in things,have trouble sleeping,have trouble sleeping,have poor appetite,or cannot concentrate,depression is a definite possibility.
    B.解析:“depression”在段落中出現(xiàn)了4次,因此可能是該段主題詞,但由于備選中均出現(xiàn)了該詞,所以借助“depression”這個(gè)詞無法判斷答案。現(xiàn)在留意段落中是否有段落主題句出現(xiàn):段落第3句是典型的定義旬的結(jié)構(gòu)(主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語),因此重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。該句說“臨床診斷的抑郁癥,有時(shí)被稱為嚴(yán)重抑郁,從生物學(xué)來看是一種大腦紋亂,這種紋亂會(huì)影響人的思想,情感,行為和身體健康。”,從段落主題詞(depression)來看,該段以“抑郁癥”為主題,而段落中又出現(xiàn)了對(duì)抑郁癥的詳細(xì)定義,由此推斷該段很可能主要是對(duì)depression(抑郁癥)進(jìn)行定義和描述,由此判斷B(什么是抑郁癥)可能就是該段主題。其實(shí)從該段段落結(jié)構(gòu)來看,該段也主要圍繞對(duì)抑郁癥進(jìn)行定義和描述:在段落開頭(第2句)作者指出“臨床診斷的抑郁癥是一種嚴(yán)重的疾病”,然后接下來就對(duì)抑郁癥進(jìn)行了解釋和定義(第3句),在段落的最后一句作者更詳細(xì)地描述了抑郁癥的癥狀表現(xiàn),如:(have trouble sleeping)無法入睡,(have trouble sleeping)沒有活力,(have poor appetite)胃口不好等。
     段落中有既沒有明顯主題句,也沒有明顯段落主題詞
    (選自2008年衛(wèi)生類A/B級(jí)概括大意與完成句子考題:Depression and the elderly)
    A How common is depression in later life?
    B What is depression?
    C What relieves depression in older people?
    D Why does depression in older people often go untreated?
    E Can depression in older people be treated?
    F What are the consequences of untreated depression in older people? 25.Paragraph 3_______.
    3 Many older people and their families don’t recognize the symptoms of depression,aren’t aware that it is a medical illness,and don’t know how it is treated。Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia(癡呆).Als0,many older people think that depression is a character flaw(缺陷)and are worried about being stigmatized(給…帶來恥辱),so they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed(羞恥的)to get help。Others worry. that treatment would be too costly.
    E.解析:“depression”在段落中出現(xiàn)了3次,很可能是該段的主題詞,但備選項(xiàng)中均出現(xiàn)了depression,所以借助該詞無法直接判斷答案。段首句(許多老年人和他們的家人沒有意識(shí)到抑郁癥的癥狀,不知道…)是在陳述客觀事實(shí),而接下來的其他句子也是在陳述客觀事實(shí)(另一些人把抑郁癥的癥狀誤認(rèn)為是患癡呆癥的跡象,而且還有許多老人認(rèn)為抑郁是性格缺陷。他們指責(zé)自己患了病…。其他人擔(dān)心治療費(fèi)用太大)。綜合以上細(xì)節(jié)信息的內(nèi)容,不難概括出這些內(nèi)容都是在解釋“為什么老年人所患的抑郁癥往往都得不到治療”,因此E是答案。
    完成句子題
    考點(diǎn)1:考察常見語法結(jié)構(gòu)
    (選自2007年衛(wèi)生類A/B級(jí)概括大意與完成句子考題:Facts about stroke)
    A suffer from a stroke
    B will be affected
    C change their lifestyles D will take place
    E occurs at the back of his/her brain
    F controls various body functions
    27.When a stroke Occurs,the arteries leading to and within the brain_____.
    B.解析:空格所在的句子說“中風(fēng)發(fā)生的時(shí)候,通往大腦動(dòng)脈和大腦里的動(dòng)脈…”。利用空格所在句子中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(arteries/動(dòng)脈,brain/大腦)作為答案線索,在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句:
    2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease.It affects the arteries(動(dòng)脈)leading to and within the brain.
    答案相關(guān)句說“它(指stroke)對(duì)通往大腦動(dòng)脈和大腦里的動(dòng)脈都會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響”,因此B(將被影響)是答案。顯然空格所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu)正好是答案相關(guān)句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。
     考點(diǎn):語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換+代詞指代內(nèi)容的確定
     考點(diǎn)2:考察常見短語結(jié)構(gòu)(或常見單詞的習(xí)慣用法)
    (選自2008年衛(wèi)生類B/A級(jí)概括大意與完成句子考題:Depression and the elderly)
    A a character flaw
    B normal sadness and grief
    C a definite possibility
    D dependency and disability
    E a significant risk factor
    F unrecognized and untreated depression
    29.Depression is regarded by many older people as__________.
    A.解析:空格所在的句子說“抑郁癥被許多老年人看成是…”,該句中出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞短語“regard…as…”,該短語的意義為“把...看作為…”,該短語還是用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)(is regarded(as..)(被看作為...)),如果不知道這個(gè)短語的意義,不能識(shí)別出被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)及該結(jié)構(gòu)具有的意義,要想解答這道題就會(huì)有一定的難度。該題提到了“許多老人”對(duì)抑郁癥的看法,因此關(guān)注文章中涉及到老年人看法的句子,這樣在文章中找到與該題相關(guān)的句子:
    Also,many older people think that depression is a character flaw(缺陷)and are worried about being stigmatized(給…帶來恥辱),SO they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed(羞恥的)to get help.
    帶有下劃線的句子結(jié)構(gòu)說“而且,許多老年人認(rèn)為抑郁癥是一種性格缺陷”,由此判斷A(性格缺陷)是答案。
     考點(diǎn):短語結(jié)構(gòu)“regard…as…”+被動(dòng)語態(tài)
     考點(diǎn)3:考查文章中某個(gè)段落的段落主題
    (選自2007年衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)概括大意與完成句子考題:Clinical Trial)
    A for some patients
    B before participation
    C in humans
    D medical knowledge
    E during the trial
    F candidates for clinical trial_____.
    30.Learn as much as you can about a clinical trial____.
    B.解析:空格所在的句子說“盡可能多了解關(guān)于臨床試驗(yàn)方面的知識(shí)...”。文章第4段的段落主題是“要參加臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)的人們應(yīng)該盡可能多了解臨床試驗(yàn)方面的知識(shí)”,因此B(在參加(臨床試驗(yàn))之前)是答案。
    考點(diǎn)4:考察考生的閱讀能力(推斷能力,總結(jié)概括能力,理解上下文意義關(guān)系的能力)
    (選自2008年衛(wèi)生類A/B級(jí)概括大意與完成句子考題:Depression and the elderly)
    A a character flaw
    B normal sadness and grief
    C a definite possibility
    D dependency and disability
    E a significant risk factor
    F unrecognized and untreated depression
    27.Clinical depression is different from__________.
    解析:空格所在的句子說“臨床診斷的抑郁癥不同于...”,關(guān)注文章中提到“Clinical depression/臨床診斷的抑郁癥”的句子,因此在第一段中找到答案相關(guān)句(第一段的前兩句):
    (一段)We all feel sad at times.However,clinical depression is a serious matter.
    第一段的第一個(gè)句子說“我們有時(shí)都會(huì)感到憂愁”,接下來的一個(gè)句子中含有空格所在句子中的核心短語(Clinical depression/臨床診斷的抑郁癥),該句說“然而,臨床診斷的抑郁癥是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題”。這兩個(gè)句子之間出現(xiàn)了邏輯副詞however(然而),該詞的出現(xiàn)使這兩個(gè)句子在句意上形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,轉(zhuǎn)折意味著對(duì)比和反差,由此可知與“臨床診斷的抑郁癥”的嚴(yán)重性形成對(duì)比,日常生活中出現(xiàn)的憂愁不是“什么大事”,因此“臨床診斷的抑抑郁癥與日常生活中出現(xiàn)的憂愁在問題的嚴(yán)重性上存在不同”,因此判斷B(普通的憂愁和悲傷)是答案。
    (選自2007年衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)概括大意與完成句子考題:Clinical Trial)
    A for some patients
    B before participation
    C in humans
    D medical knowledge
    E during the trial
    F candidates for clinical trials
    28.Clinical trials provide the only hope____________。
    A.解析:空格所在的句子說“臨床試驗(yàn)…提供了的希望”,該題可直接借助搭配語意判斷A(為一些病人)是答案。也可以利用文章中的相關(guān)信息判斷答案。文章第2段中出現(xiàn)了這樣一個(gè)句子“Some people particilate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options.”。該句說“一些人參與臨床試驗(yàn)是因?yàn)樗麄儑L試了所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的治療方法.(但這些方法都不起作用)”,根據(jù)該句內(nèi)容可推斷出“參加臨床試驗(yàn)可能能給他們提供的希望”,因此A是答案。