高考英語語法：分詞的句法功能
1. 作表語
The news is encouraging. 這消息令人鼓舞。
The present situation is terrifying. 目前形勢令人驚恐。
Please be seated. 請坐好。
The window was broken. 窗戶破了。
注：(1) 有的用作表語的分詞具有形容詞性質，有的甚至已轉化為形容詞。
(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作表語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語主要表示主語的性質和特征，而動名詞作表語則主要是對主語內容的進一步說明和解釋。另外，動名詞作表語時它可與主語交換位置，而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語則不可與主語交換位置：
誤：Very interesting is my job.
正：Looking after the children is my job.
還有，作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞不能帶賓語，而作表語用的動名詞可以帶賓語(如上例)。
2. 作定語
What disappointing news! 多么令人失望的消息!
The story had a satisfying ending. 這故事有一個令人滿意的結局。
She is a trained nurse. 她是一個受過訓練的護士。
All these are required subjects. 所有這些都是必修課。
3. 作狀語
分詞作狀語可以表示多種關系：
(1) 表時間：
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見到貓，老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。
(2) 表原因：
Being very weak, she couldn’t move. 她由于身體虛弱而不能行動。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的車壞了，所以只好走路。
Much discouraged，she moved on to London. 她很沮喪，搬到了倫敦。
(3) 表條件：
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團結則存，分裂則亡。
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點時間，我們可以做得更好。
Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。
Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來，我們就可以得到答案。
(4) 表讓步：
Although living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了，他仍是一個受歡迎的拳擊手。
(5) 表方式：
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生。
I’m returning you letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信。
(6) 表伴隨：
He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看報。
Don’t you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進來，后面跟著他的妻子。
(7) 表結果：
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個過路人。
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五個兒子。
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，車輛陷入泥沼，橋梁被水沖去。
4. 作賓語補足語
He soon had them all laughing. 他很快逗得大家都笑了。
I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看見她被送到手術室。
We found him greatly changed. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他變化很大。
I heard my name called. 我聽到有人叫我的名字。
All these are required subjects. 所有這些都是必修課。
1. 作表語
The news is encouraging. 這消息令人鼓舞。
The present situation is terrifying. 目前形勢令人驚恐。
Please be seated. 請坐好。
The window was broken. 窗戶破了。
注：(1) 有的用作表語的分詞具有形容詞性質，有的甚至已轉化為形容詞。
(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作表語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語主要表示主語的性質和特征，而動名詞作表語則主要是對主語內容的進一步說明和解釋。另外，動名詞作表語時它可與主語交換位置，而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語則不可與主語交換位置：
誤：Very interesting is my job.
正：Looking after the children is my job.
還有，作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞不能帶賓語，而作表語用的動名詞可以帶賓語(如上例)。
2. 作定語
What disappointing news! 多么令人失望的消息!
The story had a satisfying ending. 這故事有一個令人滿意的結局。
She is a trained nurse. 她是一個受過訓練的護士。
All these are required subjects. 所有這些都是必修課。
3. 作狀語
分詞作狀語可以表示多種關系：
(1) 表時間：
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見到貓，老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。
(2) 表原因：
Being very weak, she couldn’t move. 她由于身體虛弱而不能行動。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的車壞了，所以只好走路。
Much discouraged，she moved on to London. 她很沮喪，搬到了倫敦。
(3) 表條件：
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團結則存，分裂則亡。
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點時間，我們可以做得更好。
Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。
Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來，我們就可以得到答案。
(4) 表讓步：
Although living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了，他仍是一個受歡迎的拳擊手。
(5) 表方式：
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生。
I’m returning you letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信。
(6) 表伴隨：
He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看報。
Don’t you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進來，后面跟著他的妻子。
(7) 表結果：
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個過路人。
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五個兒子。
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，車輛陷入泥沼，橋梁被水沖去。
4. 作賓語補足語
He soon had them all laughing. 他很快逗得大家都笑了。
I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看見她被送到手術室。
We found him greatly changed. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他變化很大。
I heard my name called. 我聽到有人叫我的名字。
All these are required subjects. 所有這些都是必修課。