雅思學術類考試作為準備出國學習的一項成績,在很多學子的出國路上造成了不小的障礙。而閱讀部分一大難點是其變化多端、紛繁復雜的題型。這些題型粗粗的算來可以分為九大類:標題對應題、真假判斷題、總結題、簡答題、句子完成題、圖表填空題、配對題、選擇題、流程圖題。在這些題型當中,真假判斷題占到了將近50%。所以判斷題做得好壞直接決定了考生在閱讀上的成績。
在是非無判斷題的考試中,考生要對試卷上所列出的一系列命題(即陳述句)進行判斷。如果這些陳述句是反映觀點或者態(tài)度的,那么考生的任務就是判斷這些句子是否和作者的觀點一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是“YES”,“NO”或者是“NOT GIVEN”。如果這些陳述句表述的內容是有關事實信息,那么考生就要判斷這些句子是否和文中的信息一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是“TRUE”,“FALSE”或者是“NOT GIVEN”。這里要特別說明的是在考試中“YES”,“NO”,“NOT GIVEN”和“TRUE”,“FALSE”,“NOT GIVEN”只是考試形式的區(qū)別,在判斷方式上并沒有本質區(qū)別。
那么,我們需要拿什么標準來判斷我們的命題是否正確呢?現(xiàn)在有很多不同的說法,在多年的教學經(jīng)驗的基礎上,我總結出了這樣的標準:
TRUE或YES:所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點詞匯和原文中的表達完全對應。
FALSE或NO:所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個考點詞匯和原文中的表達想矛盾。
NOT GIVEN:所需判斷的陳述句中在沒有錯誤的前提之下,至少有一個考點詞匯文章沒有提到相關內容。
用表格的形式表述如下:(假設被判斷的命題中有三個考點)
下面結合劍橋雅思4上面的具體題目來講解一下我的判斷標準。
首先來解釋TRUE/YES的標準:所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點詞匯和原文中的表達完全對應。從表述中可以看出,正確的標準是性的,只有在全部考點都正確的情況下,該命題才能被判斷為TRUE/YES。
Academic Test 1
Reading Passage 1
3.
題干:It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the "pure" science that they study at school.
原文:Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about "pure" science, curriculum science.
分析:此題答案為TRUE。從兩個句子表達中不難看出,兩句話都是針對children這同一對象,并且在觀點陳述中hold對應harbour都作動詞,表示“包含,擁有”, mistaken views對應misconceptions,表示“錯誤的概念”, that they study at school對應curriculum science,在這里curriculum做名詞,表示“學校課程”的意思。
4.
題干:The fact that children's ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.
原文:These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,
分析:雖然原文是一個長難句,但從表達意思的主體上來看并沒有太大的改變。children's ideas about science對應these misconceptions,都指的兒童對于科學的認識,只不過文章中表達為錯誤的概念,form part of a larger framework of ideas對應do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework,都表達了兒童的觀點形成了一個大的框架的觀點,區(qū)別就在于文章對這個框架作了一些詳細的描述,means that it is easier to change them對應making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,在這里,考點的對應集中在了easier 正好對應了文章中的more accessible, to change them對應了modification.
7.
題干:The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at children's understanding of rainforests.
原文:These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforest...
分析:在這里,關鍵的考點對應集中在了follows on from對應了consistent,都表示“一致的”意思,a series of studies that have looked at children's understanding of rainforests對應了our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforest,同樣表示了“之前已經(jīng)研究過的兒童對于熱帶雨林的觀點”。
在是非無判斷題的考試中,考生要對試卷上所列出的一系列命題(即陳述句)進行判斷。如果這些陳述句是反映觀點或者態(tài)度的,那么考生的任務就是判斷這些句子是否和作者的觀點一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是“YES”,“NO”或者是“NOT GIVEN”。如果這些陳述句表述的內容是有關事實信息,那么考生就要判斷這些句子是否和文中的信息一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是“TRUE”,“FALSE”或者是“NOT GIVEN”。這里要特別說明的是在考試中“YES”,“NO”,“NOT GIVEN”和“TRUE”,“FALSE”,“NOT GIVEN”只是考試形式的區(qū)別,在判斷方式上并沒有本質區(qū)別。
那么,我們需要拿什么標準來判斷我們的命題是否正確呢?現(xiàn)在有很多不同的說法,在多年的教學經(jīng)驗的基礎上,我總結出了這樣的標準:
TRUE或YES:所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點詞匯和原文中的表達完全對應。
FALSE或NO:所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個考點詞匯和原文中的表達想矛盾。
NOT GIVEN:所需判斷的陳述句中在沒有錯誤的前提之下,至少有一個考點詞匯文章沒有提到相關內容。
用表格的形式表述如下:(假設被判斷的命題中有三個考點)
下面結合劍橋雅思4上面的具體題目來講解一下我的判斷標準。
首先來解釋TRUE/YES的標準:所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點詞匯和原文中的表達完全對應。從表述中可以看出,正確的標準是性的,只有在全部考點都正確的情況下,該命題才能被判斷為TRUE/YES。
Academic Test 1
Reading Passage 1
3.
題干:It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the "pure" science that they study at school.
原文:Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about "pure" science, curriculum science.
分析:此題答案為TRUE。從兩個句子表達中不難看出,兩句話都是針對children這同一對象,并且在觀點陳述中hold對應harbour都作動詞,表示“包含,擁有”, mistaken views對應misconceptions,表示“錯誤的概念”, that they study at school對應curriculum science,在這里curriculum做名詞,表示“學校課程”的意思。
4.
題干:The fact that children's ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.
原文:These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,
分析:雖然原文是一個長難句,但從表達意思的主體上來看并沒有太大的改變。children's ideas about science對應these misconceptions,都指的兒童對于科學的認識,只不過文章中表達為錯誤的概念,form part of a larger framework of ideas對應do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework,都表達了兒童的觀點形成了一個大的框架的觀點,區(qū)別就在于文章對這個框架作了一些詳細的描述,means that it is easier to change them對應making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,在這里,考點的對應集中在了easier 正好對應了文章中的more accessible, to change them對應了modification.
7.
題干:The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at children's understanding of rainforests.
原文:These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforest...
分析:在這里,關鍵的考點對應集中在了follows on from對應了consistent,都表示“一致的”意思,a series of studies that have looked at children's understanding of rainforests對應了our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforest,同樣表示了“之前已經(jīng)研究過的兒童對于熱帶雨林的觀點”。