在實(shí)際教學(xué)過(guò)程中筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，好多學(xué)生拿著一本雅思詞匯書不分主次的瘋狂背誦。結(jié)果大部分同學(xué)在難以堅(jiān)持到底。原因何在？因?yàn)樗麄儾恢滥男┰~匯是雅思會(huì)考查到的，怎么個(gè)考法，所以無(wú)法體會(huì)背重了單詞，提高了做題準(zhǔn)確率后的興奮，自然就失去了背單詞的動(dòng)力和興趣了。
在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，一篇好的文章用詞豐富、句式多變。雅思閱讀的文章均摘自西方報(bào)刊雜志，屬于原汁原味的外文資料，自然也會(huì)遵循著以上規(guī)律，所以閱讀中對(duì)詞匯的考查萬(wàn)變不離其宗，無(wú)非是對(duì)同義詞、反義詞、同根詞進(jìn)行考核。
首先我們來(lái)給同（反）義詞下個(gè)定義：釋義相同（反）的詞。如： “attraction” 和 “allure”雖然詞性不同但我們?nèi)匀环Q它們?yōu)橥x詞。同樣， “essentially” 和 “unnecessary” 稱為反義詞。同根詞指的是一個(gè)單詞的所有詞性的組合, 如: value, valuable, invaluable, valueless. 可見(jiàn)這里的定義是泛泛的，是為了很好的應(yīng)試而進(jìn)行的 “粗糙卻很受用” 定義。
了解了詞匯的考核形式，下面筆者就雅思閱讀中典型的詞匯換用舉幾個(gè)例子：
例一：
原文： In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to ensure quick sales with conventional mass-produced housing.
題目：Many developers prefer mass-produced houses because they...
答案：sell quickly考試大論壇
解析：原文和題目中的句意關(guān)鍵詞developer, prefer 均相同，但 “housing” 換成了 “houses”, 即同根詞的代換。 “they” 指代 “houses”， 又因?yàn)?“because” 應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)從句，所以答案為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 “quick sales” 對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)為上述答案， 也就是說(shuō)答案也是根據(jù)同根詞替換而來(lái)的。
例二：
原文：While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa, and ancient empires, such as those of the Americas, the primary focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies.
題目：The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and Europe.
答案：FALSE
解析：原文與題目對(duì)比出現(xiàn)了一組反義代換詞 “small-scale societies” 和 “mainstream societies”.
例三：
原文：Countries all over the world are actively promoting their wilderness regions to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these regions is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires litter or no initial investment.
題目：The low cost of setting wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many countries.
答案：TRUE
解析：low cost=little or no initial investment; “attractive” 為 “attraction”的同根詞代換。
在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，一篇好的文章用詞豐富、句式多變。雅思閱讀的文章均摘自西方報(bào)刊雜志，屬于原汁原味的外文資料，自然也會(huì)遵循著以上規(guī)律，所以閱讀中對(duì)詞匯的考查萬(wàn)變不離其宗，無(wú)非是對(duì)同義詞、反義詞、同根詞進(jìn)行考核。
首先我們來(lái)給同（反）義詞下個(gè)定義：釋義相同（反）的詞。如： “attraction” 和 “allure”雖然詞性不同但我們?nèi)匀环Q它們?yōu)橥x詞。同樣， “essentially” 和 “unnecessary” 稱為反義詞。同根詞指的是一個(gè)單詞的所有詞性的組合, 如: value, valuable, invaluable, valueless. 可見(jiàn)這里的定義是泛泛的，是為了很好的應(yīng)試而進(jìn)行的 “粗糙卻很受用” 定義。
了解了詞匯的考核形式，下面筆者就雅思閱讀中典型的詞匯換用舉幾個(gè)例子：
例一：
原文： In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to ensure quick sales with conventional mass-produced housing.
題目：Many developers prefer mass-produced houses because they...
答案：sell quickly考試大論壇
解析：原文和題目中的句意關(guān)鍵詞developer, prefer 均相同，但 “housing” 換成了 “houses”, 即同根詞的代換。 “they” 指代 “houses”， 又因?yàn)?“because” 應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)從句，所以答案為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 “quick sales” 對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)為上述答案， 也就是說(shuō)答案也是根據(jù)同根詞替換而來(lái)的。
例二：
原文：While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa, and ancient empires, such as those of the Americas, the primary focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies.
題目：The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and Europe.
答案：FALSE
解析：原文與題目對(duì)比出現(xiàn)了一組反義代換詞 “small-scale societies” 和 “mainstream societies”.
例三：
原文：Countries all over the world are actively promoting their wilderness regions to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these regions is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires litter or no initial investment.
題目：The low cost of setting wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many countries.
答案：TRUE
解析：low cost=little or no initial investment; “attractive” 為 “attraction”的同根詞代換。