糾正英語口語表達錯誤（五）
Example 21:
否定表達式
有一小部分日常用語可以有一種以上的表達方法,但許多學生只學過或只會一種方法.其實,其他表達方式也很重要.這里我們列了一些:
Let’ s look at some examples:
“I haven’t a book.”
這是正確的英語,但是在美語中聽起來不是很自然.地道.下面這句話表達了同樣的意思.
“I don’ t have a book.”
More examples:
“I haven’ t the time to go to the bank today.” = “I don’ t have the time to go to the bank today.”
Here is another example:
“They needn’t first reserve airplane tickets; they can just buy their tickets at the airport on the day they leave.”
= “They don’t have to first reserve airplane tickets; they can just buy their tickets at the airport on the day they leave.”
“You needn’t tell me how to get there. I already know ”
= “You don’ t have to tell me how to get there. I already know.”
Here is another example:
“The students must take a test to get into college.”
= “The students have to take a test to get into college.”
Here is another example:
“You mustn’t come in here! I’ m changing my clothes.”
= “You may not come in here! I’ m changing my clothes!” = (informal 不正式的說法)
=“You cannot come in here! I’ m changing my clothes!”
Example 22:
經常/很少(often/seldom及其他)
學生們在表達一種經常性的動作時,常常只是用 “often”。這種用法大致說來是正確的。然而，還有其他重要的不斷方式，我們舉例如下：
“Frank and I often eat dinner together.”
= “Frank and I eat dinner together a lot. ”
= “Frank and I eat dinner together all the time."
“My girlfriend and her friends often watch football on TV. ”
= “My girlfriend and her friends watch football on TV a lot.”
= “My girlfriend and her friends watch football on TV all the time.”
在這些句子中,我們沒有用 “often”,而是在句末加上 “a lot”或 “all the time”,同樣表達了“often” 這個詞所要表達的意思。與此相同，“seldom”也有多種表達方式。
“Frank and I seldom eat dinner together.”
= “Frank and I do not eat dinner together a lot.”
“My wife and I seldom watch baseball on TV.”
= “My wife and I don’t watch baseball on TV a lot.”
= “My wife and I don’t watch baseball on TV very much.”
Example 23:
單數(shù)與復數(shù)
Incorrect English:
“one years,” “one minutes”
Correct English:
“one year”, “one minute
這里我們要說的是一年和一分鐘,不能用復數(shù)形式,除此之外,既使是零,也應當用復數(shù)形式。
Examples:
“One year ago I graduated from high school.”
“In one year , the exchange student will speak fluent English.”
“My nephew is one year old.”
“Just hang on a minute. I’m almost ready.”
“I’ll see you in a minute.”
使用復數(shù)形式的范例:
“in America , people cannot drink alcohol until they are twenty-one years old.”
A: “How many years have you played the guitar?”
B: “Zero years. I don’t play the guitar.”
Example 24:
形容詞和名詞
學生們也常愛混淆形容詞和名詞,下面些就是一常見的錯誤:
A. Incorrect English:
“Chinese economic is developing very fast.”
Correct English:
“The Chinese economy is developing very fast.”
Chinese:
中國經濟發(fā)展得非?？?。
解釋：
在這個句子中，我們需要一個名詞擔當主語。“Economic”是一個形容詞，用來形容名詞，不能作主語，它的名詞形式是“economy”。
More examples with the words “economic” and “economy”.
“It is hard to get a job during a depression because of economic reasons.”
“China's economic future looks bright.”
“Economies all over the world suffered during the Asian Financial Crisis.”
“The economy of the South in the United States depends largely on cotton.”
B. Incorrect English:
“Jim Carrey is very humor.”
Correct English:
“Jim Carrey is very humorous.”
Chinese:
“Jim Carrey 很幽默?！?BR> 解釋：
在這里，我們描述的是一個人：Jim Carrey是一個名詞，因此需要用形容詞修飾?！癏umor”是名詞。它的形容形式是“humorous”。
Examples:
“That TV show always makes me laugh. The characters are so humorous.”
“I’m glad you weren’t angry when I made fun of you. You have a good sense of humor.”
C. Incorrect English:
Julia Roberts is very beauty.”
Correct English:
“Julia Roberts is very beautiful.”
Chinese:
“Julia Roberts 很美麗?！?BR> 解釋：
和B中一樣，這里描述的Julia Roberts也是一個人名，需要形容詞“beautiful”修飾，而不能用名詞形式“beauty”來修飾。
“Beauty” is a noun. “Beautiful” is an adjective.
Examples:
“The beauty of this landscape moves me deeply. I want to write a poem about it.”
“That woman was so beautiful I fell in love with her at first sight.”
其他常見的類似錯誤:
Incorrect English: “She is very sadness.”
Correct English: “She is very sad.”
Incorrect English: “He is very happiness.”
Correct English: “He is very happy.”
Example 25：
關于國名
在口語表達中，國名與國名的形容詞形式（這類形容詞也用來指某國家的人民）也易混淆。例如同學們經常把“America”說成“American”，把“China”說成“Chinese”，把“Germany”說成“German”，等等。
I often hear my students confuse the name of a country and the adjective form of the name，which also may serve as what we call the people of the country. I often hear my students say “American” when they should say “America”, “Chinese” when they should say “China” , and “German” when they should say “Germany”.
Incorrect English: “In Chinese we have a custom of eating dumplings for Chinese New Year. ”
Correct English: “In China we have a custom of eating dumplings for Chinese New Year.”
Chinese: 在中國我們有春節(jié)吃餃子的習慣
Incorrect English: “American is a superpower with a good economy.”
Correct English: “America is a superpower with a good economy.”
更多的例子:
More examples: “American culture and Chinese culture are very different, but Americans and Chinese can get along very well.”
“Germany makes great , efficient automobiles . Germans should be proud.”
“These are many Chinese people in Australia . The Australian government supports immigration.”
Example 21:
否定表達式
有一小部分日常用語可以有一種以上的表達方法,但許多學生只學過或只會一種方法.其實,其他表達方式也很重要.這里我們列了一些:
Let’ s look at some examples:
“I haven’t a book.”
這是正確的英語,但是在美語中聽起來不是很自然.地道.下面這句話表達了同樣的意思.
“I don’ t have a book.”
More examples:
“I haven’ t the time to go to the bank today.” = “I don’ t have the time to go to the bank today.”
Here is another example:
“They needn’t first reserve airplane tickets; they can just buy their tickets at the airport on the day they leave.”
= “They don’t have to first reserve airplane tickets; they can just buy their tickets at the airport on the day they leave.”
“You needn’t tell me how to get there. I already know ”
= “You don’ t have to tell me how to get there. I already know.”
Here is another example:
“The students must take a test to get into college.”
= “The students have to take a test to get into college.”
Here is another example:
“You mustn’t come in here! I’ m changing my clothes.”
= “You may not come in here! I’ m changing my clothes!” = (informal 不正式的說法)
=“You cannot come in here! I’ m changing my clothes!”
Example 22:
經常/很少(often/seldom及其他)
學生們在表達一種經常性的動作時,常常只是用 “often”。這種用法大致說來是正確的。然而，還有其他重要的不斷方式，我們舉例如下：
“Frank and I often eat dinner together.”
= “Frank and I eat dinner together a lot. ”
= “Frank and I eat dinner together all the time."
“My girlfriend and her friends often watch football on TV. ”
= “My girlfriend and her friends watch football on TV a lot.”
= “My girlfriend and her friends watch football on TV all the time.”
在這些句子中,我們沒有用 “often”,而是在句末加上 “a lot”或 “all the time”,同樣表達了“often” 這個詞所要表達的意思。與此相同，“seldom”也有多種表達方式。
“Frank and I seldom eat dinner together.”
= “Frank and I do not eat dinner together a lot.”
“My wife and I seldom watch baseball on TV.”
= “My wife and I don’t watch baseball on TV a lot.”
= “My wife and I don’t watch baseball on TV very much.”
Example 23:
單數(shù)與復數(shù)
Incorrect English:
“one years,” “one minutes”
Correct English:
“one year”, “one minute
這里我們要說的是一年和一分鐘,不能用復數(shù)形式,除此之外,既使是零,也應當用復數(shù)形式。
Examples:
“One year ago I graduated from high school.”
“In one year , the exchange student will speak fluent English.”
“My nephew is one year old.”
“Just hang on a minute. I’m almost ready.”
“I’ll see you in a minute.”
使用復數(shù)形式的范例:
“in America , people cannot drink alcohol until they are twenty-one years old.”
A: “How many years have you played the guitar?”
B: “Zero years. I don’t play the guitar.”
Example 24:
形容詞和名詞
學生們也常愛混淆形容詞和名詞,下面些就是一常見的錯誤:
A. Incorrect English:
“Chinese economic is developing very fast.”
Correct English:
“The Chinese economy is developing very fast.”
Chinese:
中國經濟發(fā)展得非?？?。
解釋：
在這個句子中，我們需要一個名詞擔當主語。“Economic”是一個形容詞，用來形容名詞，不能作主語，它的名詞形式是“economy”。
More examples with the words “economic” and “economy”.
“It is hard to get a job during a depression because of economic reasons.”
“China's economic future looks bright.”
“Economies all over the world suffered during the Asian Financial Crisis.”
“The economy of the South in the United States depends largely on cotton.”
B. Incorrect English:
“Jim Carrey is very humor.”
Correct English:
“Jim Carrey is very humorous.”
Chinese:
“Jim Carrey 很幽默?！?BR> 解釋：
在這里，我們描述的是一個人：Jim Carrey是一個名詞，因此需要用形容詞修飾?！癏umor”是名詞。它的形容形式是“humorous”。
Examples:
“That TV show always makes me laugh. The characters are so humorous.”
“I’m glad you weren’t angry when I made fun of you. You have a good sense of humor.”
C. Incorrect English:
Julia Roberts is very beauty.”
Correct English:
“Julia Roberts is very beautiful.”
Chinese:
“Julia Roberts 很美麗?！?BR> 解釋：
和B中一樣，這里描述的Julia Roberts也是一個人名，需要形容詞“beautiful”修飾，而不能用名詞形式“beauty”來修飾。
“Beauty” is a noun. “Beautiful” is an adjective.
Examples:
“The beauty of this landscape moves me deeply. I want to write a poem about it.”
“That woman was so beautiful I fell in love with her at first sight.”
其他常見的類似錯誤:
Incorrect English: “She is very sadness.”
Correct English: “She is very sad.”
Incorrect English: “He is very happiness.”
Correct English: “He is very happy.”
Example 25：
關于國名
在口語表達中，國名與國名的形容詞形式（這類形容詞也用來指某國家的人民）也易混淆。例如同學們經常把“America”說成“American”，把“China”說成“Chinese”，把“Germany”說成“German”，等等。
I often hear my students confuse the name of a country and the adjective form of the name，which also may serve as what we call the people of the country. I often hear my students say “American” when they should say “America”, “Chinese” when they should say “China” , and “German” when they should say “Germany”.
Incorrect English: “In Chinese we have a custom of eating dumplings for Chinese New Year. ”
Correct English: “In China we have a custom of eating dumplings for Chinese New Year.”
Chinese: 在中國我們有春節(jié)吃餃子的習慣
Incorrect English: “American is a superpower with a good economy.”
Correct English: “America is a superpower with a good economy.”
更多的例子:
More examples: “American culture and Chinese culture are very different, but Americans and Chinese can get along very well.”
“Germany makes great , efficient automobiles . Germans should be proud.”
“These are many Chinese people in Australia . The Australian government supports immigration.”