2005年試題分析
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10points)
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one''s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
(49) Creating a European identity that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say, Unity we stand, divided we fall—and if I had to choose a slogan it would be Unity in our diversity.A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
[試題分析]
C節(jié)5小題,每小題2分,滿分10分,平均分5.17分,難度0.517,各小題的難度值均在0.45~0.56之間,比較均衡,分別為0.503(46題)、0.563(47題)、0.512(48題)、0.453(49題)、0.555(50題)。
相比而言,46題句子結構相對復雜。而且還含有倒裝句。因此難度較大;49題句子結構最復雜,而且有幾個詞義很難把握的詞匯,難度。綜合考生答卷情況,有以下兩方面的問題值得注意:
(1)考生對復雜的句子結構仍然掌握不好,對復合句和倒裝句的理解和翻譯還存在一定的困難,尤其表現(xiàn)在第46題和49題上;
(2)對一些貌似簡單、但很難在漢語中找到確切對應意義的單詞的理解和掌握還不夠好,如46題中convey和serve,47題的mu1ti-media,48題的underline,49題的identity、theOldContinent和fabric“,50題的scale、stand和fall等。
46.[答案]電視是引發(fā)和傳遞這些感受的手段之一——在歐洲近來發(fā)生的事件中,它把不同的民族和國家連到一起,其作用之大,前所未有。
[分析]難度0.503;區(qū)分度0.447.與47、48和50題相比,該題有較大難度,主要因為:
(1)句子結構較復雜;
(2)單詞如feelings,created“,conveyed和served的詞義比較難確定。從句法上講,該句是由兩個并列句構成的,破折號以前的并列句還包含了一個由by which”引導的定語從句,而且是被動式的句子。在翻譯這個并列句時,考生應首先關注該句的主語一表語結構:Television is one of the means“(電視是……手段之一),然后再關注跟在means后面的被動式定語從句。從翻譯技巧上講,英語被動式應盡可能用漢語主動式來翻譯。最后再關注feelings”,created“和conveyed的詞義。feehgs一詞可譯成感情、感覺、感受、情緒、知覺等,究竟應選擇哪個漢語表達最準確,這要看feelings指的是什么了。該句前面談到……one''s impressions tend to be amixture of skepticism and optimism(在歐洲的這段特殊的歷史時期里,大眾媒體的作用很難談清楚。歷史與新聞混淆在一起,人的印象趨于一種既懷疑又樂觀的感受),因此,這里的feelings應指感受而非感情。created指引發(fā)而非創(chuàng)造(這些感受),conveyed指傳遞而非搬運或轉讓(這些感受)。這個并列句可譯為電視是引發(fā)和傳遞這些感受的手段之一.該句的后一個并列句是個倒裝句式neverbeforehasitdone……,關鍵是it指代什么。從上文看,it指代television(電視).servesomuchtodosth可譯成在(做)什么方面發(fā)揮如此大的作用.該句可譯為:電視在連結不同民族和國家方面從未發(fā)揮過如此大的作用。people加了s之后指民族,nations”指國家。
47.[答案]在歐洲,像在其他地方一樣,傳媒集團越來越成功:這些集團將相關的電視、廣播、報紙、雜志和出版社組合在一起。
[分析]難度0.563;區(qū)分度0.489.與46和49題相比,該題的難度不大,句子結構相對比較簡單,包含一個主句multi-media groups have been increasing lysuccessful“,主句后跟了個含有兩個定語從句的同位語groups which bring together television,radio,newspapers,magazines and publishingh ouses that work inrelation to oneanother,由which引導的定語從句是用來限定groups的;由that引導的定語從句是進一步說明television”,radio“,newspapers”,magazines和pubIishinghouses的。該句可分成兩部分翻譯。第一部分是冒號以前的主句,multi-mediagroups“要譯成傳媒集團,不可譯成多媒體集團,以免引起歧義。increasingl ysuccessful”可譯為傳媒集團越來越成功.冒號后面的同位語部分可單獨譯成一句話,主語重復這些集團,謂語用定語從句中的謂語bring together(把……組合在一起),譯為這些集團把……組合在一起.由that引導的定語從句這里可用一個簡單的形容詞相關的來翻譯。
48.[答案]這一點就足以表明,要在電視行業(yè)里生存下來并非易事。統(tǒng)計數(shù)字尤其說明了這一事實,在80個歐洲電視網中,多達一半在1989年虧損。
[分析]難度0.512;區(qū)分度0.553.與前面一句相比,這句話相對較難,主要難在:
(1)句子結構復雜,該句的主句包含一個賓語從句that the television bus inessis notan easy world to suvivein,一個同位語afact“,一個限定同位語的過去分詞結構,里面還有一個限定介詞賓語statistics的定語從句:thatshow……,以及動詞show的賓語從句:nolessthan50%tookaloss;
(2)有些表面上看去比較簡單的常用詞的譯法需要注意,如:alone,world,underlined,tookaloss”等。這句話可分成兩部分來翻譯。第一部分是該句的主句:Thisdemonstratesthat……(這一點表明),alone“指光靠這一點,因此可譯成足以.Demonstrates”后的賓語從句可譯成:在電視行業(yè)里生存不是件容易的事,注意survive后的介詞in.全句可譯成:這一點足以表明,要在電視行業(yè)中生存下來并非易事。該句的第二部分是整個前面部分的同位語,可單獨翻譯。underline指強調,其過去分詞形式隱含著被動的語態(tài),原意為:這一事實被統(tǒng)計數(shù)字所強調.但按照翻譯技巧,被動式可做主動處理,因此可譯成:統(tǒng)計數(shù)字尤其說明了這一事實.至于限定statistics“的定語從句thatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin1989,則可單獨譯成一句:在80個歐洲電視網中,多達一半在1989年虧損.nolessthan”原意是不少于,這里可譯成多達.
49.[答案]不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)把歐洲大陸編織成一體,要創(chuàng)造出一種尊重這些不同文化和傳統(tǒng)的歐洲品牌絕非易事,需要人們做出戰(zhàn)略性的選擇。
[分析]難度0.453;區(qū)分度0.536.這句話是5句話中最難的句子,主要難在:
(1)主語因含兩個不同層次的定語從句而變得太長,與謂語is和demands相隔太遠,考生容易混淆;(2)這句話中的許多單詞考生都很熟悉,但這里的具體詞義卻很難選定,如identity,connectingfabric“,the Old Continent”等。首先,考生可搭建起該句的基本結構:Creatings this no easy task,and demands a choice“(創(chuàng)造……是不容易的事情,需要做出……選擇)。問題在于作主語的動名詞creating后的成分,這里包含了兩個不同層次的定語從句:thatrespects……;whichgotomakeup…….只要考生把creating”后的成分及其關系理解清楚并翻譯順當,事情就成功了一大半??忌环涟凑赵涞拇涡蛳仁崂硪幌滤悸罚阂獎?chuàng)造出一種歐洲品牌不是件易事-一一這種歐洲品牌尊重不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)一一這些不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)把歐洲大陸編織成一體。按照漢語的行文習慣,英語中后置的定語從句應提前,放在被限定的名詞之前,因此,翻譯時要先把最后部分提前。
從詞義層面上講,這句話的難度也很大。如identity一詞,原意為身份、特性、一致、本體、個體,但這些詞義都與原文所包含的意義不大相符。緊接這句話的是:that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entail sreducing our dependence ont he North American market,whose programs relate to experience sandcul tural traditions which are different from our own“(也就是選擇在歐洲為歐洲制作電視節(jié)目。減少對北美市場的依賴,因為他們的節(jié)目所涉及的體驗和文化傳統(tǒng)與我們自己的大為不同).由此可見,這里的Europeanidentity指的是一種不同于北美的、代表歐洲特性的標志,因此譯為品牌比較合適。另外,theOldContinent特指發(fā)現(xiàn)北美新大陸之前的歐洲大陸,因此這里不宜譯成老大陸,而應明確譯為歐洲大陸.
50.[答案]在應對如此規(guī)模的挑戰(zhàn)時,可以毫不夸張地說,聯(lián)合,我們就生存;分裂,我們就滅亡。
[分析]難度0.555;區(qū)分度0.510.這句話較之49題,可謂簡單了許多,主要是句子結構相對簡單,而且結構對稱,容易理解。該句的難點有:
(1)如何理解和翻譯stand和fall,是譯成站立、倒下,還是根據上文的意思,譯成生存、滅亡;
(2)on such a scale和dealwith的譯法,dealwith可譯成處理應對,on such a scale可譯成如此規(guī)模的.另外,過去分詞united和divided 實際上是if we are united和if we are divided的省略,意思是:假如我們聯(lián)合,我們就生存;假如我們分裂,我們就滅亡.