淺談先行詞的前面為什么要加介詞?

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剛才在網(wǎng)易的英語學習論壇上,看到有一個網(wǎng)友問:定語從句的先行詞,比如which,在什么情況下,需要在它前面加上介詞,比如變成by which?據(jù)我觀察,不少英語初學者都有類似的問題,在他們的造句中,經(jīng)常遺漏先行詞前面的介詞,因此下面我想從另外一個角度,談?wù)劄槭裁匆谙刃性~前面加介詞。我們首先看一個定語從句的例子,請看下面第一句。
    ①He grew up in the house [in where] he still lives with his wife.
    ②He grew up in the house [where] he still lives [in the house] with his wife.
    ③他在這所房子里長大,他和他妻子現(xiàn)在仍然住在這所房子里。
    我們可以看到,在先行詞where的前面,有一個介詞in。假如我們不要這個in,那么這句話應(yīng)當改寫成上面第二句,而第二句有一個明顯的毛病,那就是the house出現(xiàn)了兩次,一次出現(xiàn)在主句中,一次出現(xiàn)在從句中,而這種同一成分在同一句子中的多次重復,正是英語的大忌,所以我們必須將in轉(zhuǎn)移到where的前面,從而將第二次出現(xiàn)的the house省略掉,并用where代替這個被省略掉的the house,您明白了嗎?下面我再舉三個類似的例子,請您自己分析一下,原理都一樣,我就不羅嗦了。
    ①This is the book [by which] Newton's calculus was introduced into China.
    ②This is the book [which] Newton's calculus was introduced [by the book] into China.
    ③正是通過這本書,使牛頓的微積分介紹到中國來。
    ①Please contact your webmaster [from whom] you can obtain a new password.
    ②Please contact your webmaster [whom] you can obtain a new password [from your webmaster].
    ③請聯(lián)系您的網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員,您可以從他那里獲得一個新口令。
    ①This is the ruler [with that] you can draw a straight line.
    ②This is the ruler [that] you can draw a straight line [with the ruler].
    ③這就是那把尺子,您可以用它劃一條直線。