在英語語法中，掌握好動詞的用法是最重要的，而非謂語動詞又是動詞中非常重要的一部分，由于它們內(nèi)容多，有些用法相似，所以不好掌握，經(jīng)常被混淆用錯，筆者通過列表比較方法，我們會對非謂語動詞的用法一目了然，找出異同，更好的掌握它們的用法，下面通過列表比較的方式，分析非謂語動詞的主要用法。
非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的相對時間關(guān)系 非謂語動詞
相對謂語動詞的時間意義 例句
一般式不定式
說明行為在謂語動詞所表示的行為之后，多數(shù)是那些表愿望的詞：want; hope; expect; wish等。 I want to go home.
I hope to see you.
說明行為與謂語動詞表示的行為同時發(fā)生，多數(shù)是那些省略不定式符號的詞，一般是復(fù)合賓語。 I saw him come in.
He helped him (to) carry things.
一般式動名詞
表示動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)出。 We enjoyed seeing the film.
I am thinking of taking over the job. 在動詞insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之后發(fā)生。 He insisted on doing that work 在有些明確表示時間先后的動詞和介詞on; upon after代替完成動名詞表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。 I remember seeing him before.
On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.
一般式分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
持續(xù)性動詞
說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 He stood there speaking.
Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.
終止性動詞
說明分詞表示的動作發(fā)生之后，句中謂語動詞表示的動作立刻發(fā)生。 Entering the room, I found nobody in.
Turning to the right, you will find the post office.
過去分詞
持續(xù)性動詞
通常說明分詞表示的動作，此句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。 Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
I can't find my lost pen. 說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示的動作并無先后。 He is a person well-known in this country. 代替完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)。 Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter.
完成式不定式
說明行為動詞在謂語動詞表示的行為動詞之前發(fā)生。 I'm sorry to have troubled you.
He is said to have come here.
He is thought to have done it.
He is believed to have done it.
He seemed to have known it. 在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等動詞過去時后，說明行為動詞沒有實現(xiàn)。 We wished to have done this.
I expected to have left by then.
(=I had expected to heave by then.)
非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的相對時間關(guān)系 非謂語動詞
相對謂語動詞的時間意義 例句
一般式不定式
說明行為在謂語動詞所表示的行為之后，多數(shù)是那些表愿望的詞：want; hope; expect; wish等。 I want to go home.
I hope to see you.
說明行為與謂語動詞表示的行為同時發(fā)生，多數(shù)是那些省略不定式符號的詞，一般是復(fù)合賓語。 I saw him come in.
He helped him (to) carry things.
一般式動名詞
表示動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)出。 We enjoyed seeing the film.
I am thinking of taking over the job. 在動詞insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之后發(fā)生。 He insisted on doing that work 在有些明確表示時間先后的動詞和介詞on; upon after代替完成動名詞表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。 I remember seeing him before.
On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.
一般式分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
持續(xù)性動詞
說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 He stood there speaking.
Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.
終止性動詞
說明分詞表示的動作發(fā)生之后，句中謂語動詞表示的動作立刻發(fā)生。 Entering the room, I found nobody in.
Turning to the right, you will find the post office.
過去分詞
持續(xù)性動詞
通常說明分詞表示的動作，此句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。 Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
I can't find my lost pen. 說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示的動作并無先后。 He is a person well-known in this country. 代替完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)。 Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter.
完成式不定式
說明行為動詞在謂語動詞表示的行為動詞之前發(fā)生。 I'm sorry to have troubled you.
He is said to have come here.
He is thought to have done it.
He is believed to have done it.
He seemed to have known it. 在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等動詞過去時后，說明行為動詞沒有實現(xiàn)。 We wished to have done this.
I expected to have left by then.
(=I had expected to heave by then.)