9.現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1) I hope that he'll come.
I had hoped he would come.(與事實(shí)相反)
(經(jīng)常這樣用的詞有:expect, think, intend, mean, suppose)
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現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
趙寶斌
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)中最不好掌握的時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)閷?duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，它很難在漢語(yǔ)中找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的說(shuō)法，下面筆者從幾個(gè)方面分析一下現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。
1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。
2．強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already, yet, never，有時(shí)沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；多是一般疑問(wèn)句。
I have already seen the film.
Have you decided yet?
3．剛剛和最近發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：just, lately, recently, in the past few days/weeks
注意：just 和just now用不同的時(shí)態(tài)，just now(剛才)一般用過(guò)去時(shí)。
I have just phoned him?
I have visited my parents recently.
4．從過(guò)去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：since, （可用作介詞和連詞）for
注意：主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，如果是否定形式，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞，否則，不能用瞬間動(dòng)詞。
I have lived here for 20 years.
I have lived here since I came to this city
I have learned English since 10 years ago.
He hasn't come to visit us for a few months.
5．從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：up till now, so far, in this morning, in this week, in this year, in my life
注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別
I have seen him this morning. (時(shí)間還在上午)
I saw him this morning. (時(shí)間不是在上午了)
We have learned so many things from you so far.
I have seen any bird like this in my life.
6．對(duì)過(guò)去的體驗(yàn)和經(jīng)歷。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：before, ever, once, twice, many times
注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別
I have been to Beijing （去過(guò)北京）
I have gone to Beijing（去北京了，人還沒(méi)回來(lái)〕
Have you seen tiger before?
I have been to Shanghai many times.
從上面幾方面的分析， 我們把現(xiàn)在完成的用法和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)聯(lián)系起來(lái)一起考慮，掌握完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法。
1) I hope that he'll come.
I had hoped he would come.(與事實(shí)相反)
(經(jīng)常這樣用的詞有:expect, think, intend, mean, suppose)
To the top(回頁(yè)首)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
趙寶斌
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)中最不好掌握的時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)閷?duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，它很難在漢語(yǔ)中找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的說(shuō)法，下面筆者從幾個(gè)方面分析一下現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。
1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。
2．強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already, yet, never，有時(shí)沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；多是一般疑問(wèn)句。
I have already seen the film.
Have you decided yet?
3．剛剛和最近發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：just, lately, recently, in the past few days/weeks
注意：just 和just now用不同的時(shí)態(tài)，just now(剛才)一般用過(guò)去時(shí)。
I have just phoned him?
I have visited my parents recently.
4．從過(guò)去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：since, （可用作介詞和連詞）for
注意：主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，如果是否定形式，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞，否則，不能用瞬間動(dòng)詞。
I have lived here for 20 years.
I have lived here since I came to this city
I have learned English since 10 years ago.
He hasn't come to visit us for a few months.
5．從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：up till now, so far, in this morning, in this week, in this year, in my life
注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別
I have seen him this morning. (時(shí)間還在上午)
I saw him this morning. (時(shí)間不是在上午了)
We have learned so many things from you so far.
I have seen any bird like this in my life.
6．對(duì)過(guò)去的體驗(yàn)和經(jīng)歷。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：before, ever, once, twice, many times
注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別
I have been to Beijing （去過(guò)北京）
I have gone to Beijing（去北京了，人還沒(méi)回來(lái)〕
Have you seen tiger before?
I have been to Shanghai many times.
從上面幾方面的分析， 我們把現(xiàn)在完成的用法和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)聯(lián)系起來(lái)一起考慮，掌握完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法。