第四章 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣
一.概念
語(yǔ)氣有三種:陳述語(yǔ)氣,祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣.語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)勸詞所示示的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)持有的態(tài)度或看法.
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1.辨別if 引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句和if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的區(qū)別
If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.
If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.
2.虛擬條件句中主句和從句的謂與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式如下表
if條件句中的謂與動(dòng)詞
主句的謂與動(dòng)詞
與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反
1. 行為動(dòng)詞用did 形式
2. be動(dòng)詞用were
should
would
could + 動(dòng)詞原形
might
與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反
had + done
should
would
could + have + done
might
與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反
1. 行為動(dòng)詞用did
2. should + 動(dòng)詞原形
3. were to + 動(dòng)詞原形
should
would
could + 動(dòng)詞原形
might
3.混合時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
如果條件句中的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。
1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.
2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.
3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.
4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.
4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“過(guò)去本應(yīng)該/可以做而實(shí)際上卻沒(méi)做”
needn’t have done 表示“過(guò)去沒(méi)必要作而實(shí)際上做了”
5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的倒裝句
如果虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有were, had, could, should，有時(shí)可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語(yǔ)置于were, had, should, could 之后。
Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.
Were I you, I would do more practice after class.
Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.
6.wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， 表示“可惜…；….就好了； 悔不該…；但愿…?！?BR> 主句謂語(yǔ)
從句謂語(yǔ)
wish
時(shí)態(tài)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式
現(xiàn)在時(shí)
表示與wish同時(shí)發(fā)生
動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)
be動(dòng)詞用were
過(guò)去時(shí)
表示在wish之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
動(dòng)詞用had done
be用had been
將來(lái)時(shí)
表示在wish之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
動(dòng)詞用would do; should do
be 用 would be ; should be
1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.
2)I wish I were ten years younger.
3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.
4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.
5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.
7.表示命令或建議動(dòng)詞suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬 should +動(dòng)詞原形； should 不可用would 來(lái)替代; 主句所使用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不限。
8.suggest 為“建議去做…; 命令…”從句用should + do
為“ 說(shuō)明； 暗示”, 從句用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.
2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.
9.insist “堅(jiān)持要去做…，堅(jiān)持應(yīng)該去做”，從句用should + do為“堅(jiān)持表明，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)/解釋”， 從句用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
10.虛擬語(yǔ)氣也用于表語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是should +動(dòng)詞原型，should 可以省略。
11.在主語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜等，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用需擬語(yǔ)氣形式。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)should + 動(dòng)詞原型， 或should 省略
一.概念
語(yǔ)氣有三種:陳述語(yǔ)氣,祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣.語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)勸詞所示示的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)持有的態(tài)度或看法.
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1.辨別if 引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句和if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的區(qū)別
If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.
If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.
2.虛擬條件句中主句和從句的謂與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式如下表
if條件句中的謂與動(dòng)詞
主句的謂與動(dòng)詞
與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反
1. 行為動(dòng)詞用did 形式
2. be動(dòng)詞用were
should
would
could + 動(dòng)詞原形
might
與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反
had + done
should
would
could + have + done
might
與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反
1. 行為動(dòng)詞用did
2. should + 動(dòng)詞原形
3. were to + 動(dòng)詞原形
should
would
could + 動(dòng)詞原形
might
3.混合時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
如果條件句中的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。
1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.
2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.
3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.
4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.
4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“過(guò)去本應(yīng)該/可以做而實(shí)際上卻沒(méi)做”
needn’t have done 表示“過(guò)去沒(méi)必要作而實(shí)際上做了”
5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的倒裝句
如果虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有were, had, could, should，有時(shí)可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語(yǔ)置于were, had, should, could 之后。
Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.
Were I you, I would do more practice after class.
Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.
6.wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， 表示“可惜…；….就好了； 悔不該…；但愿…?！?BR> 主句謂語(yǔ)
從句謂語(yǔ)
wish
時(shí)態(tài)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式
現(xiàn)在時(shí)
表示與wish同時(shí)發(fā)生
動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)
be動(dòng)詞用were
過(guò)去時(shí)
表示在wish之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
動(dòng)詞用had done
be用had been
將來(lái)時(shí)
表示在wish之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
動(dòng)詞用would do; should do
be 用 would be ; should be
1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.
2)I wish I were ten years younger.
3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.
4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.
5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.
7.表示命令或建議動(dòng)詞suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬 should +動(dòng)詞原形； should 不可用would 來(lái)替代; 主句所使用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不限。
8.suggest 為“建議去做…; 命令…”從句用should + do
為“ 說(shuō)明； 暗示”, 從句用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.
2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.
9.insist “堅(jiān)持要去做…，堅(jiān)持應(yīng)該去做”，從句用should + do為“堅(jiān)持表明，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)/解釋”， 從句用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
10.虛擬語(yǔ)氣也用于表語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是should +動(dòng)詞原型，should 可以省略。
11.在主語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜等，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用需擬語(yǔ)氣形式。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)should + 動(dòng)詞原型， 或should 省略