四級(jí)改革后,記敘文體裁的文章出現(xiàn)的頻率越來越高,尤其是仔細(xì)閱讀和快速閱讀部分。記敘文體裁能很好地考查考生捕捉具體信息、把握主旨大意方面的能力。無論是說明文、議論文還是記敘文,最常用的閱讀方法是一樣的,即詳讀、略讀和跳讀。一般來說,在記敘文當(dāng)中,如果題目考查的是具體的信息點(diǎn),比如年代、數(shù)據(jù)、方法步驟等,采取詳讀的策略；如果考查主旨大意,一般采取略讀的策略；如果考查考生迅速找到主要信息點(diǎn)的能力,建議采用跳讀的策略。當(dāng)然,必要的時(shí)候,多種閱讀方法并用。下面我們以具體的試題為例探討解決記敘文難題的可行性方法。例:
Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that’s not what I did.
I chose to study engineering at a small liberal arts university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.
I headed off to college being sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering "factories" where they didn’t care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.
Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile(協(xié)調(diào))engineering with liberal arts courses in college.
The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.
1. The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal arts university because he _______.
A) wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality
B) intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist
C) wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal arts courses in college
D) intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals
2. According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can _______.
A) balance engineering and the liberal arts
B) receive guidance in their careers
C) become noble idealists
D) broaden their horizons
3. In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected _______.
A) to have an excellent academic record
B) to be wise and mature
C) to be imaginative with a value system to guide him
D) to be a technical genius with a wide vision
4. The author’s experience shows that he was _______.
A) creative
B) ambitious
C) unrealistic
D) irrational5. The word "they" in "... together they threaten to confuse."(Line 7, Para.5) refers to _______.
A) engineering and the liberal arts
B) reality and noble ideals
C) flexibility and a value system
D) practicality and rationality
解析:
1. B)。本題考查細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵詞,采用跳讀加詳讀的閱讀策略。根據(jù)liberal arts定位在第二段中的兩個(gè)wanted 。此處講"我"想成為一個(gè)工程師和人文主義者的結(jié)合體。故選B)。
2. D)。根據(jù)題干,迅速鎖定第二段中"I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering."。此處講與非工科學(xué)生交流可以開闊"我"的視野,拓寬"我"的想象力。故選D)。
3. D)。根據(jù)題干中"successful"和"expected",鎖定在第三段中"I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one."此處講在作者看來,一個(gè)完美的工程師應(yīng)該是擁有寬廣視野的技術(shù)天才。故選D)。
4. C)。根據(jù)題干中"experience"鎖定倒數(shù)第二段中。此處講在實(shí)現(xiàn)高尚理想的路途中,作者遭遇了"現(xiàn)實(shí)"的撞擊。他試圖平衡對(duì)文理科的學(xué)習(xí),但是實(shí)際操作起來很困難,不是很現(xiàn)實(shí)。故選C)。
5. A)。根據(jù)題干鎖定最后一段可知,此處講工科和文科不像"我"在高中時(shí)期想的那樣簡單地混合在一起。它們分別以不同的方式塑造一個(gè)人。故此處的they指的是工科和文科。故選A)。
一般情況下,選詞填空題中選用記敘文的可能性非常大。在做記敘文體裁的選詞填空時(shí),可以根據(jù)詞性、時(shí)態(tài)、上下文、單復(fù)數(shù)等確定答案。具體步驟:
1. 首先了解主旨大意。一篇文章的主題思想通常要么出現(xiàn)在開頭(開門見山),要么出現(xiàn)在文章的結(jié)尾,或者是每段的第一句連接在一起的意思?？忌梢酝ㄟ^把握文章的主旨大意更好地理解全文。
2. 分析空格處所需要的詞性。分析空缺,確定詞性。根據(jù)上下文、語境、詞組搭配等,加以排除法,確定答案。
3. 把選中的詞套入原文,從上下文和語義上把握準(zhǔn)確性?！ ?BR> Tryout
Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients 1 of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.
Times have changed. Today, we take pain 2 . Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in 3 a person’s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (擾亂) a person’s life, causing problems that 4 from missed work to depression.
That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who 5 in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social 6 related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often 7 the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理醫(yī)生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.
This modern 8 for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a 9 number of drugs available, and many of them caused 10 side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a doubleedged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.
A) result I) determining
B) involves J) limited
C) significant K) gravely
D) range L) complained
E) relieved M) respect
F) issues N) prompting
G) seriously O) specialize
H) magnificent
答案&解析
1. L)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處考查complain of sth的用法，意為“訴說（病情或病痛）”。此處講當(dāng)老年病人訴說疼痛時(shí)，醫(yī)生會(huì)告訴他們病痛是一個(gè)自然的老化過程，他們要學(xué)會(huì)泰然處之。故選L)。
2. G)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。此處考查take ... seriously的用法，意為“認(rèn)真地對(duì)待……”。根據(jù)“Times have changed.”可知，時(shí)過境遷，現(xiàn)在的人們認(rèn)真對(duì)待病痛。故選G)。
3. I)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講疼痛被視為和血壓、體溫、呼吸頻率和脈搏同等重要的第五大健康標(biāo)志。故選I)。
4. D)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處考查range from ... to ...的用法，意為“從……到……之間的多類事物”。此處講慢性疼痛擾亂人的生活，導(dǎo)致從失業(yè)到抑郁癥的一系列問題。故選D)。
5. O)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處考查specialize in ... 的用法，意為“專門研究……”。此處講那就是為什么越來越多的醫(yī)院依賴專門研究止痛藥的醫(yī)生。故選O)。
6. F)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處考查social issues的意思“社會(huì)問題”。此處講“我們”不僅評(píng)估疼痛的原由，“我們”還提供治療抑郁癥以及解決其他與慢性疼痛有關(guān)的心理和社會(huì)問題的方案。故選F)。
7. B)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講這些廣泛的治療方案將涵蓋社會(huì)工作者、心理醫(yī)生、心理專家和研究止痛藥的專家的工作。故選B)。
8. N)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講這種推動(dòng)治療疼痛的趨勢(shì)帶來了大量的創(chuàng)新治療方法——它們既有好的效果，副作用也小。故選N)。
9. J)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處講幾十年前只有數(shù)量有限的藥物可供使用。故選J)。
10. C)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處講幾十年前的藥物不僅數(shù)量少而且還對(duì)老年人產(chǎn)生顯著的副作用。故選C)。
Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that’s not what I did.
I chose to study engineering at a small liberal arts university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.
I headed off to college being sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering "factories" where they didn’t care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.
Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile(協(xié)調(diào))engineering with liberal arts courses in college.
The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.
1. The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal arts university because he _______.
A) wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality
B) intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist
C) wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal arts courses in college
D) intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals
2. According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can _______.
A) balance engineering and the liberal arts
B) receive guidance in their careers
C) become noble idealists
D) broaden their horizons
3. In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected _______.
A) to have an excellent academic record
B) to be wise and mature
C) to be imaginative with a value system to guide him
D) to be a technical genius with a wide vision
4. The author’s experience shows that he was _______.
A) creative
B) ambitious
C) unrealistic
D) irrational5. The word "they" in "... together they threaten to confuse."(Line 7, Para.5) refers to _______.
A) engineering and the liberal arts
B) reality and noble ideals
C) flexibility and a value system
D) practicality and rationality
解析:
1. B)。本題考查細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵詞,采用跳讀加詳讀的閱讀策略。根據(jù)liberal arts定位在第二段中的兩個(gè)wanted 。此處講"我"想成為一個(gè)工程師和人文主義者的結(jié)合體。故選B)。
2. D)。根據(jù)題干,迅速鎖定第二段中"I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering."。此處講與非工科學(xué)生交流可以開闊"我"的視野,拓寬"我"的想象力。故選D)。
3. D)。根據(jù)題干中"successful"和"expected",鎖定在第三段中"I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one."此處講在作者看來,一個(gè)完美的工程師應(yīng)該是擁有寬廣視野的技術(shù)天才。故選D)。
4. C)。根據(jù)題干中"experience"鎖定倒數(shù)第二段中。此處講在實(shí)現(xiàn)高尚理想的路途中,作者遭遇了"現(xiàn)實(shí)"的撞擊。他試圖平衡對(duì)文理科的學(xué)習(xí),但是實(shí)際操作起來很困難,不是很現(xiàn)實(shí)。故選C)。
5. A)。根據(jù)題干鎖定最后一段可知,此處講工科和文科不像"我"在高中時(shí)期想的那樣簡單地混合在一起。它們分別以不同的方式塑造一個(gè)人。故此處的they指的是工科和文科。故選A)。
一般情況下,選詞填空題中選用記敘文的可能性非常大。在做記敘文體裁的選詞填空時(shí),可以根據(jù)詞性、時(shí)態(tài)、上下文、單復(fù)數(shù)等確定答案。具體步驟:
1. 首先了解主旨大意。一篇文章的主題思想通常要么出現(xiàn)在開頭(開門見山),要么出現(xiàn)在文章的結(jié)尾,或者是每段的第一句連接在一起的意思?？忌梢酝ㄟ^把握文章的主旨大意更好地理解全文。
2. 分析空格處所需要的詞性。分析空缺,確定詞性。根據(jù)上下文、語境、詞組搭配等,加以排除法,確定答案。
3. 把選中的詞套入原文,從上下文和語義上把握準(zhǔn)確性?！ ?BR> Tryout
Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients 1 of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.
Times have changed. Today, we take pain 2 . Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in 3 a person’s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (擾亂) a person’s life, causing problems that 4 from missed work to depression.
That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who 5 in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social 6 related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often 7 the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理醫(yī)生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.
This modern 8 for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a 9 number of drugs available, and many of them caused 10 side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a doubleedged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.
A) result I) determining
B) involves J) limited
C) significant K) gravely
D) range L) complained
E) relieved M) respect
F) issues N) prompting
G) seriously O) specialize
H) magnificent
答案&解析
1. L)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處考查complain of sth的用法，意為“訴說（病情或病痛）”。此處講當(dāng)老年病人訴說疼痛時(shí)，醫(yī)生會(huì)告訴他們病痛是一個(gè)自然的老化過程，他們要學(xué)會(huì)泰然處之。故選L)。
2. G)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。此處考查take ... seriously的用法，意為“認(rèn)真地對(duì)待……”。根據(jù)“Times have changed.”可知，時(shí)過境遷，現(xiàn)在的人們認(rèn)真對(duì)待病痛。故選G)。
3. I)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講疼痛被視為和血壓、體溫、呼吸頻率和脈搏同等重要的第五大健康標(biāo)志。故選I)。
4. D)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處考查range from ... to ...的用法，意為“從……到……之間的多類事物”。此處講慢性疼痛擾亂人的生活，導(dǎo)致從失業(yè)到抑郁癥的一系列問題。故選D)。
5. O)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處考查specialize in ... 的用法，意為“專門研究……”。此處講那就是為什么越來越多的醫(yī)院依賴專門研究止痛藥的醫(yī)生。故選O)。
6. F)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處考查social issues的意思“社會(huì)問題”。此處講“我們”不僅評(píng)估疼痛的原由，“我們”還提供治療抑郁癥以及解決其他與慢性疼痛有關(guān)的心理和社會(huì)問題的方案。故選F)。
7. B)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講這些廣泛的治療方案將涵蓋社會(huì)工作者、心理醫(yī)生、心理專家和研究止痛藥的專家的工作。故選B)。
8. N)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講這種推動(dòng)治療疼痛的趨勢(shì)帶來了大量的創(chuàng)新治療方法——它們既有好的效果，副作用也小。故選N)。
9. J)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處講幾十年前只有數(shù)量有限的藥物可供使用。故選J)。
10. C)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處講幾十年前的藥物不僅數(shù)量少而且還對(duì)老年人產(chǎn)生顯著的副作用。故選C)。