實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞的組合

字號(hào):


    account
    account for
    (tr)(為某事)給出充分的理由,圓滿(mǎn)地解釋?zhuān)撤N行為或某項(xiàng)支出),做出交代:
    A treasurer must account for the money he spends.
    財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人必須對(duì)他支付的款項(xiàng)做出交代。
    He has behavd in the most extraordinary way;I can’t account for hisactions at all/I can’t account for his behaving like that.
    他的行為極為奇怪,我完全無(wú)法解釋他的行動(dòng)/我無(wú)法為他那樣的舉動(dòng)做出解釋。
    allow
    allow for(tr)預(yù)先為某事留有余地,考慮到(常指某種額外的需要、支出、耽擱等):
    —It is 800 kilometres and I drive at 100 k.p.h., so I’ll be there in eighthours.
    —But you’ll have to allow for delays going through towns and for stopsfor refuelling.
    —距離是800公里,而我的車(chē)速是每小時(shí)100公里,因此我八小時(shí)后可以到那里。
    —可是你得把通過(guò)市鎮(zhèn)和停車(chē)加油所耽擱的時(shí)間考慮進(jìn)去。
    Allowing for depreciation your car should be worth£2,000 this timenext year.
    如果考慮到折舊,你的車(chē)明年此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)值2,000英鎊。
    answer
    answer back(intr),answer somebody back反駁別人的責(zé)難,回嘴頂撞:
    Father:Why were you so late last night? You weren’t in till2 a.m.
    父親:你昨晚回家為什么這么晚?你直到凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)鐘才回來(lái)。
    Son:You should have been asleep.
    兒子:那時(shí)候你本該睡著了。
    Father:Don’t answer me back.Answer my question.
    父親:別跟我頂嘴?;卮鹞业膯?wèn)題。
    ask
    ask after/for somebody 探詢(xún)有關(guān)……的信息,(向第三者)問(wèn)某人健康如何:
    I met Tom at the party;he asked after you.
    我在聚會(huì)上遇見(jiàn)了湯姆;他問(wèn)你好。(問(wèn)你健康如何/問(wèn)你過(guò)得怎么樣)
    ask for
    (a)尋找某人并想和他/她說(shuō)話(huà),要求見(jiàn)到某人:
    Go to the office and ask for my secretary.
    到辦公室去,找我的秘書(shū)。
    (b)要求,索要:
    The men asked for more pay and shorter hours.
    工人們要求增加工資,減少工時(shí)。
    ask someone in(賓語(yǔ)在in之前)請(qǐng)某人進(jìn)來(lái):
    He didn’t ask me in;he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.
    他沒(méi)有讓我進(jìn)去;他徑自看那張條子,讓我站在門(mén)口等著。
    ask someone out(賓語(yǔ)在out之前)請(qǐng)某人出去參加娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)或吃飯(特別是在公眾地方吃飯):
    She had a lot of friends and was usually asked out in the evenings,so she seldom spent an evening at home.
    她有很多朋友,晚上常被邀請(qǐng)外出,因此她晚上很少在家里呆著。
    back
    back away(intr)慢慢地退回去(因?yàn)橛龅侥撤N危險(xiǎn)或不愉快的事):
    When he took a gun out everyone backd away nervously.
    他拿出槍來(lái)時(shí),大家都緊張地向后退去。
    back out(intr)退出(某事先已同意的聯(lián)合行動(dòng)),停止或拒絕給予所允諾的幫助或支持:
    He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was.
    他本來(lái)同意給予幫助的,但在發(fā)現(xiàn)事情有多么困難之后就打退堂鼓了。
    back somebody up從道義上或行動(dòng)上支持:
    The headmaster never backed up his staff.(backed them up)If a parentcomplained about a teacher he assumed that the teacher was in thewrong.
    校長(zhǎng)從來(lái)不給教員們撐腰。凡是有家長(zhǎng)給老師提意見(jiàn)時(shí),他總是認(rèn)為一定是老師不對(duì)。
    be
    be against(tr)反對(duì)(常帶動(dòng)名詞):
    I’m for doing nothing till the police arrive./I’m against doing anythingtill the police arrive.
    我贊成在警察來(lái)到以前不采取行動(dòng)。/我反對(duì)在警察到來(lái)以前采取任何行動(dòng)。
    be away(intr)(至少有一個(gè)晚上)不在家,不在某地
    be back(intr)在長(zhǎng)期或短暫地離開(kāi)之后回到原地:
    —I want to see Mrs Pitt.Is she in?
    —No,I’m afraid she’s out at the moment./No,I’m afraid she’s awayfor the weekend.
    —When will she be back?
    —She’ll be back in half an hour/next week.
    —我想見(jiàn)皮特夫人。她在嗎?
    —不,恐怕她現(xiàn)在不在。/不,我想她外出度周末了。
    —她什么時(shí)候回來(lái)?
    —她半小時(shí)后/下周回來(lái)。
    be for(tr)贊成(常帶動(dòng)名詞)
    be in(intr)在家或在某個(gè)建筑物內(nèi)
    be in for(tr)將要遇上(常跟某種令人不愉快的事):
    Did you listen to the weather forecast? I’m afraid we’re in for a bumpyflight.
    你聽(tīng)氣象預(yù)報(bào)沒(méi)有?恐怕我們這次航班要很顛簸。
    If you think that the work is going to be easy you’re in for a shock.
    如果你以為這工作將容易,那么你可要大吃一驚了。
    be out(intr)短時(shí)間不在家/不在某個(gè)建筑物里,但并不在外過(guò)夜
    be over(intr)結(jié)束:
    The storm is over now;we can go on.
    暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)去了;我們可以繼續(xù)走了。
    be up(intr)起床了:
    Don’t expect her to answer the doorbell at eight o’clock on Sundaymorning.She won’t be up.
    星期日早上8點(diǎn)鐘時(shí),別指望她聽(tīng)見(jiàn)門(mén)鈴響會(huì)來(lái)開(kāi)門(mén)。她那時(shí)還沒(méi)有起床呢。
    be up to(tr)體力或智力足以……(賓語(yǔ)常用it,但也可用動(dòng)名詞):
    After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longerup to the work/up to doing the work.
    部長(zhǎng)生病后繼續(xù)任職,但他已力不勝任了。
    be up to something/some mischief/some trick/no good從事或忙于某種調(diào)皮的、不正道的或有害的事/搗鬼:
    Don’t trust him;he is up to something/some trick.
    別信他;他在搞鬼/在耍詭計(jì)。
    The boys are very quiet.I wonder what they are up to.
    男孩子們無(wú)聲無(wú)息了。我不知他們?cè)趽v什么鬼。
    注意:這里up to的賓語(yǔ)常是某一很不確定的詞語(yǔ),如上面例句所示。這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)從來(lái)不與某一具體明確的事連用。
    it is up to someone(常帶動(dòng)詞不定式)此事是某人的職責(zé):
    It is up to the government to take action on violence.
    采取行動(dòng)對(duì)付暴力行為,是政府職責(zé)所在。
    I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you.
    我已盡我所能地幫助你了?,F(xiàn)在該看你自己了。(你得靠自己的努力干下去。)
    bear
    bear out(tr)證實(shí),提供證明:
    This report bears out my theory.(bears my theory out/bears it out)
    這報(bào)告證實(shí)了我的理論。
    bear up(intr)聽(tīng)到壞消息仍能勇敢支撐,掩飾感情或憂(yōu)傷:
    The news of her death was a great shock to him but he bore up bravely and none of us realized how much he felt it.
    她故去的消息對(duì)他來(lái)講是個(gè)打擊,但他勇敢地支撐著,我們誰(shuí)也沒(méi)意識(shí)到他的感受該有多么強(qiáng)烈。
    blow
    blow out(tr)吹熄:
    The wind blew out the candle.(blew the candle out/blew it out)
    風(fēng)吹滅了蠟燭。
    blow up(tr/intr)
    (a)用爆炸的方法毀滅,爆炸,被毀:
    They blew up the bridges so that the enemy couldn’t follow them.(blew the bridges up/blew them up)
    他們炸毀了橋,好讓敵人不能追上他們。
    Just as we got to the bridge it blew up.
    我們剛到橋頭,橋就炸掉了。
    (b)充氣,打氣,使膨脹:
    The children blew up their balloons and threw them into the air.( blew the balloons up/blew them up)
    孩子們把氣球吹鼓了,扔向空中。
    boil
    boil away(intr)(液體)因沸騰而揮發(fā)完,熬干:
    I put the kettle on the gas ring and then went away and forgot about it.
    When I returned, the water had all boiled away and the flame had burnta hole in the kettle.
    我把壺放在煤氣灶上,然后就走開(kāi)把這事忘掉了。我回來(lái)時(shí),水都燒干了,火把壺底燒出了一個(gè)窟窿。
    boil over(intr)(液體因沸騰而)溢到容器外面:
    The milk boiled over and there was a horrible smell of burning.
    牛奶潽了,燒糊的味道極為難聞。
    break
    break down a door etc.用強(qiáng)力敲破或撞破:
    The firemen had to break down the door to get into the burning house.
    (break the door down/break it down)
    消防員不得不破門(mén)而入以便到著火的房子里邊去。
    break down figures將一數(shù)目分別列在不同項(xiàng)目下以作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明:
    You say that 10,000 people use this library.Could you break that downinto age-groups?
    你說(shuō)有10,000人使用這所圖書(shū)館。你能否按年齡組將數(shù)字分解一下?(即說(shuō)出有多少人是25歲以下的,有多少人是50歲以上的等等)
    break down(intr)由于有缺陷或強(qiáng)度不夠而壞掉或不再正常運(yùn)作:
    (a)常指人暫時(shí)感情支持不?。?BR>    He broke down when telling me about his son’s tragic death.
    他向我談到他兒子慘死的事時(shí),不能自已了。(他失聲痛哭了。)
    (b)指喪失精神上的抵抗力:
    At first he refused to admit his guilt but when he was shown the evidencehe broke down and confessed.
    起初他否認(rèn)有罪,但給他看證據(jù)時(shí),他招架不住而供認(rèn)了。
    (c)指身體健康狀況嚴(yán)重惡化:
    After years of overwork his health broke down and he had to retire.
    在多年勞累之后,他的身體垮了,只好退休。
    (d)常指機(jī)器壞了:
    The car broke down when we were driving through the desert and it tookus two days to repair it.
    我們駕車(chē)橫越沙漠時(shí),汽車(chē)壞了,花了兩天才修好。
    (e)指交涉或談判的破裂:
    The negotiations broke down because neither side would compromise.
    因?yàn)殡p方都不肯妥協(xié),談判破裂了。
    break in(intr), break into(tr)
    (a)用暴力強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入:
    Thieves broke in and stole the silver.
    竊賊破門(mén)而入,偷走了銀器。
    The house was broken into when the owner was on holiday.
    屋主外出度假時(shí),有賊破門(mén)而入。
    (b)突然說(shuō)話(huà)打斷別人:
    I was telling them about my travels when he broke in with a story of hisown.
    我正在告訴他們我旅途中的事,他忽然插嘴講起他自己的故事來(lái)。
    break in a young horse/pony etc.(tr)訓(xùn)練(馬等)以供駕馭使用:
    You cannot ride or drive a horse safely before he has been broken in.
    在沒(méi)有把馬訓(xùn)練好以前,不管騎它還是用它駕車(chē)都是不安全的。
    break off(tr/intr)解開(kāi),破開(kāi),使分裂開(kāi)或自己破裂開(kāi):
    He took a bar of chocolate and broke off a bit.(broke a bit off/broke itoff)
    他拿出一板巧克力,掰下了一小塊。
    A piece of rock broke off and fell into the pool at the foot of the cliff.
    一塊巖石斷裂開(kāi),掉到懸崖腳下的池塘里。
    break off(tr)終止,停止,取消(常跟協(xié)議、協(xié)商或談判等):
    Ann has broken off her engagement to Tom.(broken her engagement off/broken it off)
    安已經(jīng)取消了同湯姆的婚約。
    break off(intr)突然停止說(shuō)話(huà),突然住口:
    They were in the middle of an argument but broke off when someonecame into the room.
    他們正爭(zhēng)吵不休,但有人進(jìn)屋時(shí)他們突然住口了。
    break out(intr)
    (a)開(kāi)始,爆發(fā)(常用于諸如戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、流行病、火災(zāi)等不好的事):
    War broke out on 4 Angust.
    戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于8月4日爆發(fā)。
    (b)用暴力方法從監(jiān)獄等地逃出:
    They locked him up in a room but he broke out.
    他們把他鎖在一間屋里,可是他強(qiáng)行逃出了。(砸開(kāi)門(mén)跑掉了)
    The police are looking for two men who broke out of prison last night.
    警方正在搜捕昨天晚上越獄逃跑的兩名男子。
    break up(tr/intr)(使)瓦解,(使)解體:
    If that ship stays there she will break up/she will be broken up by thewaves.
    那艘船如果停泊在那里,就會(huì)破的/會(huì)被浪頭打散的。
    The old ship was towed away to be broken up and sold as scrap.
    那艘舊船被拖走以便拆散當(dāng)廢鐵賣(mài)了。
    Divorce breaks up a lot of families.(breaks families up/breaks them up)
    離婚拆散了許多家庭。
    break up(intr)(用于學(xué)校的學(xué)期、會(huì)議、聚會(huì)等)散會(huì),放假:
    The school broke up on 30 July and all the boys went home for the holi- days.
    學(xué)校在7月30日放假了,男孩子們都回家度假去了。
    The meeting broke up in confusion.
    會(huì)議在一片混亂中散了。
    bring
    bring someone round(tr;賓語(yǔ)常位于round之前)
    (a)說(shuō)服某人接受以前所反對(duì)的建議:
    After a lot of argument I brought him round to my point of view.
    在爭(zhēng)辯了很久之后,我說(shuō)服他轉(zhuǎn)念同意了我的看法。
    (b)使恢復(fù)知覺(jué):
    She fainted with the pain but a little brandy soon brought her round.
    她痛得昏厥了,但是一小點(diǎn)白蘭地很快使她恢復(fù)了知覺(jué)。
    bring a person or thing round(tr;賓語(yǔ)常位于 round之前)把人或物帶到某人的住所去:
    I have finished that book that you lent me; I’ll bring it round(to your house)tonight.
    你借給我的書(shū)我已經(jīng)看完了;我今晚上把它帶(到你家里)來(lái)。
    bring up(tr)
    (a)教育培養(yǎng)兒童:
    She brought up her children to be truthful.(brought her children up/brought them up)
    她教導(dǎo)她的孩子們要真誠(chéng)無(wú)欺。
    (b)提起,談到:
    At the last committee meeting,the treasurer brought up the question of raising the annual subscription.(brought the question up/brought it up)
    委員會(huì)上開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí),財(cái)務(wù)主管提出了提高會(huì)員年費(fèi)的問(wèn)題。
    burn
    burn down(tr/intr)(完全)焚毀(指建筑物):
    The mob burnt down the embassy.(burnt the embassy down/burnt it down)
    亂民把大使館焚毀了。
    The hotel burnt down before help came.
    旅館在援助到來(lái)以前就燒毀了。
    call
    1 call走訪(fǎng),拜訪(fǎng)
    call at。走訪(fǎng)一個(gè)地方:
    I called at the bank and arranged to transfer some money.
    我到銀行去了一下,安排了款項(xiàng)過(guò)戶(hù)的事宜。
    call for到一個(gè)地方去取物或接人:
    I am going to a pop concert with Tom.He is calling for me at eightso I must be ready then.
    我要和湯姆去聽(tīng)流行歌曲音樂(lè)會(huì)。他8點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)接我,因此我必須屆時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好。
    Let’s leave our suitcases in the left luggage office and call for themlater on when we have the car.
    咱們可以把行李存放在行李暫存處,等以后有車(chē)用時(shí)再來(lái)取。
    call in(intr)同 look in和口語(yǔ)化的 drop in意思一樣,是來(lái)訪(fǎng),來(lái)坐坐的意思:
    Call in/Look in on your way home and tell me how the interviewwent.
    你回家的路上來(lái)看我一下,告訴我面談進(jìn)行得如何。
    call on拜訪(fǎng)某人:
    He called on all the housewives in the area and asked them to sign thepetition.
    他走訪(fǎng)了這一地區(qū)的所有主婦,要求他們?cè)谡?qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)上簽名。
    2 call for/in/on的其他意思
    call for(tr)要求,需要(這里的主語(yǔ)常是一個(gè)不用來(lái)指人的單詞或短語(yǔ),如 the situation形勢(shì)/this sort of work這種工作/this此事等,賓語(yǔ)則常是一個(gè)表示某種性質(zhì)的詞,如 courage勇氣/patience耐心/a steady hand穩(wěn)當(dāng)不抖的手):
    The situation calls for tact.
    對(duì)付這一形勢(shì)要有策略。
    You’ve got the job! This calls for a celebration.
    你得到這份工作了!這需要慶祝一下。
    但這里也可以用一個(gè)用來(lái)指人的主語(yǔ):
    The workers are calling for strike action.
    工人們正要求采取罷工行動(dòng)。
    The relations of the dead men are calling for an inquiry.
    死者們的親屬要求調(diào)查真相。
    call in a person/call a person in派人去找某人來(lái)/請(qǐng)某人來(lái)家服務(wù)(send for比call in更顯得主語(yǔ)權(quán)勢(shì)大,因此callin是更有禮貌的說(shuō)法):
    It was too late to call in an electrician.(call an electrician in/call him in)
    找電工來(lái)已太晚了。
    There is some mystery about his death; the police have been calledin.
    他的死有點(diǎn)兒蹊蹺;已經(jīng)去找警察來(lái)了。
    call on somebody(常帶動(dòng)詞不定式)要某人做某事/要某人給予幫助(較為正式的提出要求的方式,主要用于正式場(chǎng)合或演講中,意味著提出要求的人認(rèn)為所號(hào)召的事是另一人的責(zé)任):
    The president called upon his people to make sacrifices for the good oftheir country.
    總統(tǒng)號(hào)召人民為祖國(guó)的利益做出犧牲。
    The chairman called on the secretary to read the minutes of the lastmeeting.
    主席要求秘書(shū)朗讀上次會(huì)議的記錄。
    3 call的其他詞組
    call off(tr)取消尚未開(kāi)始的事,放棄已在進(jìn)行中的事:
    They had to call off the match as the ground was too wet to play on.
    (call the match off/call it off)
    因?yàn)閳?chǎng)地太濕無(wú)法比賽,人們不得不取消這次比賽。
    When the fog got thicker the search was called off.
    霧愈來(lái)愈濃了,只得放棄了搜索。
    call out(tr)召喚某人出來(lái)處理外面的事(常用于指部隊(duì)被召集走出營(yíng)房對(duì)付民眾*):
    The police couldn’t control the mob so troops were called out.
    警察無(wú)法控制亂民,因此出動(dòng)了軍隊(duì)。
    The Fire Brigade was called out several times on the night of 5 November to put out fires started by fireworks.
    11月5日晚上,消防隊(duì)多次奉召出動(dòng),以撲滅因燃放焰火而引起的火災(zāi)。
    Doctors don’t much like being called out at night.
    醫(yī)生們不太喜歡夜間出診。
    call up(tr)
    (a)征去服兵役:
    In countries where there is conscription men are called up at the age of eighteen.(call up men/call men up/call them up)
    在實(shí)行征兵制的國(guó)家里,18歲的男子要應(yīng)征服役。
    (b)給……打電話(huà):
    I called Tom up and told him the news.(calld up Tom/called him up)
    我給湯姆打電話(huà),把消息告訴他了。
    care
    not to care about(tr)對(duì)……淡漠,不關(guān)心……:
    The professor said that he was interested only in research;he didn’t really care about students.
    教授說(shuō)他只對(duì)研究感興趣;他并不真的關(guān)心學(xué)生。
    care for(tr)
    (a)喜歡(很少用于肯定句):
    He doen’t care for films about war.
    他不喜歡戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)影片。
    (b)照看(除被動(dòng)態(tài)外,較少使用):
    The house looked well cared for(=had been well looked after/was ingood condition).
    房子看起來(lái)照管得很好。
    carry
    carry on(intr)繼續(xù)(常指工作或職責(zé)):
    I can’t carry on alone any longer;I’ll have to get help.
    我無(wú)法再一個(gè)人繼續(xù)下去了;我得找人幫忙。
    carry on with(tr)與上用法相似:
    The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment.
    醫(yī)生告訴她應(yīng)該繼續(xù)這種療法。
    carry out(tr)履行(職責(zé)),服從(命令),執(zhí)行(指令),(把威脅要做的事)付諸行動(dòng):
    You are not meant to think for yourself;you are here to carry out my or-ders.
    你們的職責(zé)不是自己思考;叫你們來(lái)這里是要你們執(zhí)行我的命令。
    The Water Board carried out their threat to cut off our water supply.
    自來(lái)水公司董事會(huì)把他們的威脅付諸行動(dòng),停止供應(yīng)我們水了。(他們威脅要這樣做,也真的這樣做了。)
    He read the instructions but he didn’t carry them out.
    他看了指示,但沒(méi)有遵照?qǐng)?zhí)行。
    catch
    catch up with(tr),catch up(tr/intr)趕上但沒(méi)超過(guò):
    I started last in the race but I soon caught up with the others.(caught them up/cautht up)
    我在賽跑中后一個(gè)起跑,但不久就趕上了其他人。
    You’ve missed a whole term;you’ll have to work hard to catch up withthe rest of the class.(catch them up/catch up)
    你缺了整整一學(xué)期的課,得努力學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上同班的其他人。