2．The early Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity.
最早的盎格魯-撒克遜人改信基督教。
The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, except among the Celts of Cornwall, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. In 597, Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew's Monastery in Rome, to England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. In 579 St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was largely due to the missionary activities of the monks in the north.
盎格魯-撒克遜人把日耳曼宗教帶到了英國。除了康瓦爾、威爾士、蘇格蘭和愛爾蘭中的克爾特人還信奉基督教外，基督教很快就消失了。公元597，教皇格里高一世把羅馬圣安德魯修道院的副院長圣奧古斯丁派遣到英格蘭，其使命是使異教徒的英國人皈依基督教。公元579年圣奧古丁成為坎特伯雷大主教。在使國王和貴族皈依基督教方面，奧古斯丁特別成功。但是普通人的皈依很大程度上歸功于北部修士們的傳教活動。
3．The Early Anglo-Saxons make the contributions to the English state.
早期盎格魯-撒克遜人為英國做出的貢獻(xiàn)。
The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts and shire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system which continued to the 18th century. Thirdly, they also established the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witan（council or meeting of the wisemen） to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.
盎格魯-撒克遜人為英國國家的形成打下了基礎(chǔ)。首先，他們把國家劃分為郡，郡法庭和郡法官、或行政司法長官負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)法。其次，他們設(shè)計的窄條三圃田農(nóng)耕制延用至18世紀(jì)。此外，他們還建立了領(lǐng)地制。最后，他們還創(chuàng)立了議會(賢人會議)，向國王提供建議，這就成為了今天仍存在的樞密院的基礎(chǔ)。
IV．Viking and Danish invasions
北歐海盜和丹麥人的入侵
1．The invaders were the Norwegians and the Danes. They attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century. They became a serious problem in the 9th century, especially between 835 and 878. They even managed to capture York, an important center of Christianity in 867. By the middle of 9th century, the Viking and the Danes were posing a threat to the Saxon kingdom of Wessex.
入侵者是挪威人和丹麥人，從8世紀(jì)末開始，他們不斷襲擊英格蘭的各個地方。9世紀(jì)，尤其是公元835-878年間已成為嚴(yán)重問題。他們甚至占領(lǐng)了約克郡，公元867年時的基督教中心。到9世紀(jì)中葉，北歐海盜和丹麥人威脅到撒克遜人的威撒克斯王國的安全。
2．King Alfred (849-899) and his contributions
艾爾弗雷德國王（849-899）和他所做出的貢獻(xiàn)
Alfred was a king of Wessex. He defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them in 879. The Danes gained control of the north and east, while he ruled the rest. He also converted some leading Danes into Christians.
He founded a strong fleet and is known as " the father of the British navy". He reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. He translated a Latin book into English. He also established schools and formulated a legal system. All this earns him the title "Alfred the Great."
阿爾弗雷德是威塞克斯的國王。他打敗了丹麥人，并于公元879年與他們達(dá)成了友好協(xié)議。協(xié)議規(guī)定丹麥人控制英格蘭北部和西部（丹麥法區(qū)），而他統(tǒng)治其他地區(qū)。他還勸服一些丹麥?zhǔn)最I(lǐng)成為基督教徒。
他因為建立了強大艦隊，而以"英國海軍之父"聞名于世。他改組了"弗立德"（撒克遜軍隊），使之更為高效。他將一本拉丁語的書翻譯成英語。同時他還建立了學(xué)校，并且闡明了法律制度。所有這一切使他當(dāng)之無愧于"阿爾弗雷德大王。"的稱號。