V．The Norman Conquest (1066)
諾曼征服（公元1066年）
1．Reasons for William's invasion of England after Edward's death.
威廉在愛(ài)德華死后入侵英國(guó)的原因。
It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.
據(jù)說(shuō)，愛(ài)德華國(guó)王曾答應(yīng)把英格蘭王位傳給諾曼底公爵威廉，但是賢人會(huì)議挑選了哈羅德為國(guó)王。公元1066年10月，在哈斯丁斯附近的激烈交鋒中，威廉打敗了哈羅德軍隊(duì)，同時(shí)哈羅德也在此戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中戰(zhàn)死。
2．The Norman Conquest and its consequences
諾曼征服及其產(chǎn)生的影響。
The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.
1066年的諾曼征服也許是英國(guó)歷的最事件。征服者威廉幾乎沒(méi)收了所有土地，將其分發(fā)給他的諾曼追隨者。他用強(qiáng)有力的諾曼政府代替了軟弱的薩克遜政府。于是，封建制度在英國(guó)完全建立。開(kāi)放了與歐洲大陸的關(guān)系，文明和商業(yè)得到發(fā)展，引進(jìn)了諾曼-法國(guó)文化、語(yǔ)言、舉止和建筑。教會(huì)與羅馬的聯(lián)系更為密切，教會(huì)法庭與世俗法庭分離。
3．The English is a mixture of nationalities of different origins. The ancestors of many English people were the ancient Angles and Saxons. Some English people are of the Norman-French origin.
英國(guó)是一個(gè)集不同民族于一體的國(guó)家。許多英國(guó)人的祖先是古盎格魯和撒克遜人。而還有一些英國(guó)人的是諾曼血統(tǒng)。
This is one of the most difficult parts. In this part, I will introduce some Kings in English history and their reformations. Though we have to remember a lot of things in this part, we also learn more about English history.