I. Health and Social Services
全國(guó)醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃
1. Britain is regarded as a welfare state. This system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation. In Britain the term applies mainly to the National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security.
英國(guó)被認(rèn)為是福利制度的國(guó)家。此制度的所需資金來(lái)源于全國(guó)保險(xiǎn)稅和賦稅。在英國(guó)，這主要是指國(guó)民保健制度，國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)和社會(huì)保障制度。
2. The National Health Service provides for every resident, regardless of income, a full range of medical services. The service was established in the U.K. in 1948. Over 82 per cent of the cost of the health service in Great Britain id funded out of general taxation. The rest is met from: (1) the NHS element of National Insurance contributions; (2) charges towards the cost of certain items such as drugs prescribed by family doctors, and general dental treatment; (3) other receipts, including land sales and the proceeds of income generation schemes.
不管個(gè)人收入如何，國(guó)民保健制度為每個(gè)居民提供全面醫(yī)療服務(wù)。英國(guó)于1948年確立此制度。英國(guó)國(guó)民保健制度82%以下的費(fèi)用來(lái)自普通稅收，其他部分來(lái)自（1）國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)金中的國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)金部分；（2）象對(duì)家庭一生開(kāi)的藥單和普通牙科治療所收的費(fèi)用；（3）其他收入，包括出售土地和增收計(jì)劃的收益。
3. There are proportional charges for most types of HNS dental treatment, including examinations. Sight test are free to children. No one is liable to be charged by the National Health Service for treatment in an accident, emergency or for an infectious disease. Central government is directly responsible for the NHS, which is administered by a range of local health authorities and health boards throughout the U..
國(guó)民保健制度中多數(shù)牙科治療都要收取一定比例的費(fèi)用，包括檢查費(fèi)。視力檢查對(duì)兒童免費(fèi)。國(guó)民保健制度對(duì)事故，急診或傳染病的治療不收費(fèi)，中央政府直接負(fù)責(zé)國(guó)民保健制度，由全國(guó)各地的保健機(jī)構(gòu)和衛(wèi)生委員會(huì)實(shí)施
4. The family health services are those given to patients by doctors, dentists, opticians and pharmacists. In order to obtain the benefits of the NHS a person must normally be registered on the list of a general practitioner (GP, sometimes knows as a "family doctor").
家庭保健服務(wù)由醫(yī)生、牙醫(yī)、眼科大夫和藥劑師提供給病人。為獲得國(guó)民保健制度的服務(wù)，人們必須在普通開(kāi)業(yè)醫(yī)生的名冊(cè)上注冊(cè)。
5. A full range of hospital services is provided by district general hospital. There are also specialist hospital or units for children, people suffering from mental illness, those with learning disabilities, and elderly people, and for the treatment of specific diseases.
地區(qū)普通醫(yī)院提供全面的醫(yī)院服務(wù)。也有為兒童，精神病人，有學(xué)習(xí)障礙者，老人和特殊病人開(kāi)設(shè)的專(zhuān)門(mén)醫(yī)院或病區(qū)。
6. The National Health Service is the largest single employer of labour in the U.K. NHS has suffered from underfunding in recent decades, as a result of which many better-off people have been turning to private medical health care.
國(guó)民保健制度是英國(guó)的用人機(jī)構(gòu)。近幾十年來(lái)，因?yàn)橘Y金不足，許多比較富裕的人正逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向私人的醫(yī)療保健機(jī)構(gòu)。
全國(guó)醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃
1. Britain is regarded as a welfare state. This system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation. In Britain the term applies mainly to the National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security.
英國(guó)被認(rèn)為是福利制度的國(guó)家。此制度的所需資金來(lái)源于全國(guó)保險(xiǎn)稅和賦稅。在英國(guó)，這主要是指國(guó)民保健制度，國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)和社會(huì)保障制度。
2. The National Health Service provides for every resident, regardless of income, a full range of medical services. The service was established in the U.K. in 1948. Over 82 per cent of the cost of the health service in Great Britain id funded out of general taxation. The rest is met from: (1) the NHS element of National Insurance contributions; (2) charges towards the cost of certain items such as drugs prescribed by family doctors, and general dental treatment; (3) other receipts, including land sales and the proceeds of income generation schemes.
不管個(gè)人收入如何，國(guó)民保健制度為每個(gè)居民提供全面醫(yī)療服務(wù)。英國(guó)于1948年確立此制度。英國(guó)國(guó)民保健制度82%以下的費(fèi)用來(lái)自普通稅收，其他部分來(lái)自（1）國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)金中的國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)金部分；（2）象對(duì)家庭一生開(kāi)的藥單和普通牙科治療所收的費(fèi)用；（3）其他收入，包括出售土地和增收計(jì)劃的收益。
3. There are proportional charges for most types of HNS dental treatment, including examinations. Sight test are free to children. No one is liable to be charged by the National Health Service for treatment in an accident, emergency or for an infectious disease. Central government is directly responsible for the NHS, which is administered by a range of local health authorities and health boards throughout the U..
國(guó)民保健制度中多數(shù)牙科治療都要收取一定比例的費(fèi)用，包括檢查費(fèi)。視力檢查對(duì)兒童免費(fèi)。國(guó)民保健制度對(duì)事故，急診或傳染病的治療不收費(fèi)，中央政府直接負(fù)責(zé)國(guó)民保健制度，由全國(guó)各地的保健機(jī)構(gòu)和衛(wèi)生委員會(huì)實(shí)施
4. The family health services are those given to patients by doctors, dentists, opticians and pharmacists. In order to obtain the benefits of the NHS a person must normally be registered on the list of a general practitioner (GP, sometimes knows as a "family doctor").
家庭保健服務(wù)由醫(yī)生、牙醫(yī)、眼科大夫和藥劑師提供給病人。為獲得國(guó)民保健制度的服務(wù)，人們必須在普通開(kāi)業(yè)醫(yī)生的名冊(cè)上注冊(cè)。
5. A full range of hospital services is provided by district general hospital. There are also specialist hospital or units for children, people suffering from mental illness, those with learning disabilities, and elderly people, and for the treatment of specific diseases.
地區(qū)普通醫(yī)院提供全面的醫(yī)院服務(wù)。也有為兒童，精神病人，有學(xué)習(xí)障礙者，老人和特殊病人開(kāi)設(shè)的專(zhuān)門(mén)醫(yī)院或病區(qū)。
6. The National Health Service is the largest single employer of labour in the U.K. NHS has suffered from underfunding in recent decades, as a result of which many better-off people have been turning to private medical health care.
國(guó)民保健制度是英國(guó)的用人機(jī)構(gòu)。近幾十年來(lái)，因?yàn)橘Y金不足，許多比較富裕的人正逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向私人的醫(yī)療保健機(jī)構(gòu)。