所謂“體”，是指動(dòng)作在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)三個(gè)不同時(shí)間所處的狀態(tài)。即：常態(tài)、進(jìn)行或完成。那么就有了過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的常態(tài)、過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的進(jìn)行、過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的完成。注意，“體”所表達(dá)的主要是對(duì)動(dòng)作的描述，就“主—系—表”結(jié)構(gòu)而言，因?yàn)橹挥脕?lái)表達(dá)靜態(tài)的事物，所以不存在進(jìn)行和完成的問(wèn)題。我們通過(guò)以上例句做進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明：
1． 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)
1）. Tom is a college student.
Tom was a college student.
Tom has a college student.
2 ）It is sunny today.
It was sunny yesterday.
It has sunny .
2. S +V+O 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
Tom studies English now.
Tom is studying English now.
Tom was studying English at 8:00 yesterday.
Tom has studied English.
3. S+V 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
Tom studies hard.
Tom is studiying hard.
Tom was studying hard before.
Tom has studied hard
4. S+V+Oi+Od 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+ 直接賓語(yǔ)
Tom gives me a book.
Tom is giving me a book.
Tom was giving me a book at that time.
Tom gave me a book.
Tom has given me a book.
5. S+V+O+S 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
Tom makes me sad.
Tom made me sad.
Tom is making me sad
Tom has made me sad.
6. S+have+O (主語(yǔ) +have+ 賓語(yǔ))
Tom has many friends.
Tom had many friends.
Tom has had many friends.
所謂“態(tài)”，是指主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者和接受者哪個(gè)位于動(dòng)作的前面，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者位于動(dòng)作的前面，就構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。也就是我們前面舉的例子。若動(dòng)作的接受者位于動(dòng)作的前面，則構(gòu)成被動(dòng)態(tài)。出現(xiàn)這樣不同的語(yǔ)態(tài)，是由于表達(dá)和強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要，或沒(méi)必要指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。請(qǐng)看例句及語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化形式：
一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在使用上的區(qū)別。
a 。
讀一讀這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題并回答。
Who built this bridge?誰(shuí)修建的這座橋?
Prisoners of war built this bridge in l942．戰(zhàn)俘于1942年建的這座橋。
When was this bridge built? 橋是什么時(shí)候建的?
This bridge was built in l942．橋是1942年建的。
在第一個(gè)問(wèn)題中我們想知道是誰(shuí)建了這座橋，在第二個(gè)問(wèn)題中我們想弄清有關(guān)橋的一些情況。因此，第一句使用了主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，第二句運(yùn)用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
我們也可以講清是什么人修建的這座橋，用“by十動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，我們可以說(shuō)： ，This bridge was built by prisoners of war in 1942．這座橋是戰(zhàn)俘于1942年修建的。
b 。
仔細(xì)地閱讀以下幾對(duì)句子，每對(duì)中的第一句話(huà)告訴我們‘個(gè)人(回答“誰(shuí)”)，第二句話(huà)告訴我們一件事(回答“什么”或“哪一個(gè)”)。
Workmen are building a new road outside my house．(Who)工人們正在我的房子外面修一條新路。
A new road is being built outside my house．(則，砒)我的房子外面有一條新路在建設(shè)之中。
The newsagent delivers our papers every moming．(Who)每天上午送報(bào)人來(lái)送我們的報(bào)紙。
Our papers are delivered every morning．(What)我們的報(bào)紙每天上午送到。
The postman delivered a letter this morning．(Who)今天上午郵遞員送來(lái)了一封信。
A letter was delivered this morning．(what)今天上午來(lái)了一封信。
1． 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)
1）. Tom is a college student.
Tom was a college student.
Tom has a college student.
2 ）It is sunny today.
It was sunny yesterday.
It has sunny .
2. S +V+O 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
Tom studies English now.
Tom is studying English now.
Tom was studying English at 8:00 yesterday.
Tom has studied English.
3. S+V 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
Tom studies hard.
Tom is studiying hard.
Tom was studying hard before.
Tom has studied hard
4. S+V+Oi+Od 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+ 直接賓語(yǔ)
Tom gives me a book.
Tom is giving me a book.
Tom was giving me a book at that time.
Tom gave me a book.
Tom has given me a book.
5. S+V+O+S 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
Tom makes me sad.
Tom made me sad.
Tom is making me sad
Tom has made me sad.
6. S+have+O (主語(yǔ) +have+ 賓語(yǔ))
Tom has many friends.
Tom had many friends.
Tom has had many friends.
所謂“態(tài)”，是指主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者和接受者哪個(gè)位于動(dòng)作的前面，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者位于動(dòng)作的前面，就構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。也就是我們前面舉的例子。若動(dòng)作的接受者位于動(dòng)作的前面，則構(gòu)成被動(dòng)態(tài)。出現(xiàn)這樣不同的語(yǔ)態(tài)，是由于表達(dá)和強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要，或沒(méi)必要指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。請(qǐng)看例句及語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化形式：
一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在使用上的區(qū)別。
a 。
讀一讀這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題并回答。
Who built this bridge?誰(shuí)修建的這座橋?
Prisoners of war built this bridge in l942．戰(zhàn)俘于1942年建的這座橋。
When was this bridge built? 橋是什么時(shí)候建的?
This bridge was built in l942．橋是1942年建的。
在第一個(gè)問(wèn)題中我們想知道是誰(shuí)建了這座橋，在第二個(gè)問(wèn)題中我們想弄清有關(guān)橋的一些情況。因此，第一句使用了主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，第二句運(yùn)用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
我們也可以講清是什么人修建的這座橋，用“by十動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，我們可以說(shuō)： ，This bridge was built by prisoners of war in 1942．這座橋是戰(zhàn)俘于1942年修建的。
b 。
仔細(xì)地閱讀以下幾對(duì)句子，每對(duì)中的第一句話(huà)告訴我們‘個(gè)人(回答“誰(shuí)”)，第二句話(huà)告訴我們一件事(回答“什么”或“哪一個(gè)”)。
Workmen are building a new road outside my house．(Who)工人們正在我的房子外面修一條新路。
A new road is being built outside my house．(則，砒)我的房子外面有一條新路在建設(shè)之中。
The newsagent delivers our papers every moming．(Who)每天上午送報(bào)人來(lái)送我們的報(bào)紙。
Our papers are delivered every morning．(What)我們的報(bào)紙每天上午送到。
The postman delivered a letter this morning．(Who)今天上午郵遞員送來(lái)了一封信。
A letter was delivered this morning．(what)今天上午來(lái)了一封信。