高考英語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解析

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孫子兵法》曰:“知己知彼”才能“百戰(zhàn)不殆”,對(duì)待高考,我們應(yīng)該首先明白NMET的考試要求,做到“知彼”,然后分析自己的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)、弱項(xiàng),做到“知己”。閱讀理解是NMET的重頭戲,能否順利通過(guò)此關(guān)影響高考全局,因此考生必須對(duì)閱讀理解的題型特點(diǎn)、解題技巧等有個(gè)清楚的認(rèn)識(shí)。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    一、推斷題KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    1.解推斷題應(yīng)注意:KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    (1)不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn);KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    (2)推理的根據(jù)來(lái)自于上下文。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    2.推斷題的常見(jiàn)形式:KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    (1) It can be inferred from the text that ______.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    (2) From the text we know that ______.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    (3) The story implies that ______.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    (4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ______.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    (5) The writers attitude toward…is ______.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    3.解推斷題的方法:KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    Example 1 One day a man walkedsintosa pet shop and said to the shop assistant,“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches and two spiders.”KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    “What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    “Well,”replied the man,“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    Q: The passage suggests that when the writer movedsintosthe house, it was ______.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    A. very cleanKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    B. just cleaned by the landlordKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    C. tidy and comfortableKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    D. dirty and full of insectsKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    解析:要恢復(fù)原樣須買(mǎi)些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲(chóng),因此推出答案為D。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK, they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them, it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr Neff knows al-most everything. He doesn’t ask questions;he answers q uestions. He never says,“I don’t know.”KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    Q: Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude towards Mr Neff?A. He finds Mr Neff hard to understandKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    B. He thinks Mr Neff wonderfulKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    C. He feels pity for Mr NeffKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    D. He does not like Mr NeffKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    解析:本文中使用never,還寫(xiě)到Even if he does miss them, it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes.故暗示他對(duì)Mr Neff的討厭之情。答案為D。
    二、事實(shí)題KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    在閱讀理解題中,又有相當(dāng)一部分屬于事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)題,下面僅就這類題的正確解法作簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    1.直接事實(shí)題KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    在解答這類問(wèn)題時(shí)要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息,采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀,因?yàn)檫@類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. T his dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one sid e of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this d am for five years.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam, one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    Q: Hoover Dam lies ______.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    A. between Arizona and NevadaKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    B. in the Black CanyonKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    C. between New York and San FranciscoKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    D. both A and BKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    解析:由第二段的第一句話和最后一段的最后一句話可得出正確答案。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    2.間接事實(shí)題KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    解此類題需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的概括和判斷。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the wellreceived TV programme“Stars Tonig ht”, Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991, appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai TV screen last Sunday.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old, Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an airhostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However, it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    “It’s really a hard job for me. I won’t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, I'd love to make a deep impression on my TV audience," said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.
    Q: Which of the following is NOT true?KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
    KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    解析: A、C和D都可在原文找到答案,而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)原文列的是: taken to Hong Kong可判斷不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents,因此選B。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    3.詞義理解題KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    做此類題時(shí),學(xué)生應(yīng)盡可能地利用生詞所在的上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義,即利用我們所熟悉的詞或短語(yǔ)和上下文中的已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯上的推理,有時(shí)還需依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed do wn from father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklor e. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowled ge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants from wild gras s. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real val ue science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long age.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    Q: In the last paragraph the phrase“this wide, confused wilderness”refers to ______.KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    A. personal experienceKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    B. wild weeds among good plantsKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    C. the information from the parentsKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    D. the vast store of traditional practicesKcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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    解析: D。劃線部分指的就是上文的another source of knowledge,即: the vast store of traditional practices。KcT中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)