國(guó)際勞工組織(International Labour Organisation)稱，未來(lái)10年，預(yù)計(jì)亞洲勞動(dòng)力規(guī)模的增速將放緩，這將危及該地區(qū)增長(zhǎng)最為迅速的經(jīng)濟(jì)體的產(chǎn)出增幅。
The rise in the size of Asia’s labour force is expected to slow over the next decade threatening output growth in some of the region’s fastest growing economies, according to the International Labour Organisation.
國(guó)際勞工組織在近日發(fā)表的一份報(bào)告中稱，不均衡的人口增長(zhǎng)水平、勞動(dòng)力的不斷老齡化以及就業(yè)從農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)向城市的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變，對(duì)亞洲迅速增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體構(gòu)成了挑戰(zhàn)。
Uneven rates of population growth, ageing workforces, and a huge shift in employment from rural areas to cities pose challenges for the region’s rapidly growing economies it says in a report to be published today.
到2015年前，亞洲勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量預(yù)計(jì)將增加2.21億，至20億，因?yàn)橐晾?、不丹、柬埔寨和巴基斯坦等?guó)繼續(xù)受益于處于“工作年齡”人口比例的上升，這一年齡介于25歲至54歲之間。但這種“人口紅利”(demographic dividend)的時(shí)間有限，因?yàn)樵谡麄€(gè)亞洲地區(qū)，0至15歲兒童以及15至24歲年輕人所占比例在不斷下降。
Asia’s workforce is expected to increase by 221m to 2bn by 2015 as countries such as Iran, Bhutan, Cambodia and Pakistan continue to benefit from a rise in the proportion of “prime working-age” people, between 25 and 54. But the life of this “demographic dividend” would be limited with the proportion of children aged 0 to 15 and youth aged 15 to 24 declining across the whole of the region.
國(guó)際勞工組織警告稱，新加坡、韓國(guó)和中國(guó)部分地區(qū)等較發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)可能會(huì)更早觸及“人口懸崖”。 The ILO warns that more developed regions such as Singapore, South Korea and parts of China are likely to hit the “demographic cliff” even earlier.
該組織稱：“本10年末，在亞洲所有地區(qū)，65歲及65歲以上人口比例將大幅上升，而發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的增幅?！?BR> “At the end of the decade, there will be a marked increase in the share of the population aged 65 and above in every region, with the largest increases taking place in the developed economies,” it says.
到2015年，在一些“發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體”，預(yù)計(jì)將有四分之一以上的人口年齡超過(guò)65歲。在中國(guó)，計(jì)劃生育政策“加速了這種人口過(guò)渡過(guò)程”。因此，中國(guó)的“老齡化速度將快于歷其它任何國(guó)家”。在日本，自1999年以來(lái)，退休人口數(shù)量已超過(guò)新就業(yè)人口數(shù)量。
More than a quarter of the people in some “developed economies” are expected to be older than 65 by 2015. In China family planning policies had “accelerated the process of demographic transition”. As a result, the country was “ageing faster than any other nation in history”. In Japan the number of people retiring from the country’s workforce since 1999 had exceeded the number of new recruits.
盡管2000年至2006年，亞洲國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)平均年增幅高達(dá)6.3%——是全球其它地區(qū)的兩倍以上，但該地區(qū)很多人仍將經(jīng)歷嚴(yán)重貧困。逾10億人（占該地區(qū)勞動(dòng)力的近62%）仍工作在“非正規(guī)經(jīng)濟(jì)”中。國(guó)際勞工組織稱，該地區(qū)約9億人每日生活費(fèi)不到2美元，“其中，3.08億人生活在每日生活費(fèi)不足1美元的極度貧困狀態(tài)之中?！?BR> In spite of average annual GDP growth of 6.3 per cent between 2000 and 2006 – more than twice rates experienced in the rest of the world – many people in the region were still suffering from serious poverty. More than 1bn people, representing almost 62 per cent of the region’s labour force, were still working in the “informal economy”. Some 900m were living on less than US$2 a day and “308m of these living in extreme poverty on less than US$1 per day”, says the ILO.
雇主和政界人士所面臨的問(wèn)題包括：數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)、希望找到更高薪酬工作的人紛紛移民海外；越來(lái)越多的人從農(nóng)村遷往城市，到2015年，預(yù)計(jì)亞洲城市人口將增加3.5億，而農(nóng)村人口預(yù)計(jì)僅增長(zhǎng)1500萬(wàn)；收入不平等不斷加??；改善就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)（特別是女性）越來(lái)越必要。
Problems facing employers and politicians include: increasing migration by millions seeking better paid work abroad; the growing movement of people from the land to cities, with the region’s urban population expected to grow by 350m by 2015, while the rural population is expected to rise by only 15m; rising income inequalities; and the need to improve job opportunities particularly for women.
為促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)原材料和能源的需求將加大環(huán)境壓力。國(guó)際勞工組織總干事胡安?索馬維亞(Juan Somavia)表示：“有一點(diǎn)很明顯：長(zhǎng)期而言，像往常那樣做事是不可持續(xù)的。亞洲正經(jīng)歷著前所未有的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)發(fā)展。與此同時(shí)，環(huán)境壓力、經(jīng)濟(jì)不安全、治理缺陷和收入分配不均等引發(fā)的脆弱性，對(duì)該地區(qū)未來(lái)的發(fā)展構(gòu)成了威脅?！?BR> The need for raw materials and energy to fuel growth was increasing environmental pressures. Juan Somavia, ILO director general, said: “One thing is clear: doing business as usual is not sustainable over the long term. Asia is experiencing unprecedented growth and development. At the same time, vulnerabilities arising from environmental pressures, economic insecurity, shortcomings in governance and unequal income distribution pose a threat to the region’s future development.”
The rise in the size of Asia’s labour force is expected to slow over the next decade threatening output growth in some of the region’s fastest growing economies, according to the International Labour Organisation.
國(guó)際勞工組織在近日發(fā)表的一份報(bào)告中稱，不均衡的人口增長(zhǎng)水平、勞動(dòng)力的不斷老齡化以及就業(yè)從農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)向城市的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變，對(duì)亞洲迅速增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體構(gòu)成了挑戰(zhàn)。
Uneven rates of population growth, ageing workforces, and a huge shift in employment from rural areas to cities pose challenges for the region’s rapidly growing economies it says in a report to be published today.
到2015年前，亞洲勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量預(yù)計(jì)將增加2.21億，至20億，因?yàn)橐晾?、不丹、柬埔寨和巴基斯坦等?guó)繼續(xù)受益于處于“工作年齡”人口比例的上升，這一年齡介于25歲至54歲之間。但這種“人口紅利”(demographic dividend)的時(shí)間有限，因?yàn)樵谡麄€(gè)亞洲地區(qū)，0至15歲兒童以及15至24歲年輕人所占比例在不斷下降。
Asia’s workforce is expected to increase by 221m to 2bn by 2015 as countries such as Iran, Bhutan, Cambodia and Pakistan continue to benefit from a rise in the proportion of “prime working-age” people, between 25 and 54. But the life of this “demographic dividend” would be limited with the proportion of children aged 0 to 15 and youth aged 15 to 24 declining across the whole of the region.
國(guó)際勞工組織警告稱，新加坡、韓國(guó)和中國(guó)部分地區(qū)等較發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)可能會(huì)更早觸及“人口懸崖”。 The ILO warns that more developed regions such as Singapore, South Korea and parts of China are likely to hit the “demographic cliff” even earlier.
該組織稱：“本10年末，在亞洲所有地區(qū)，65歲及65歲以上人口比例將大幅上升，而發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的增幅?！?BR> “At the end of the decade, there will be a marked increase in the share of the population aged 65 and above in every region, with the largest increases taking place in the developed economies,” it says.
到2015年，在一些“發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體”，預(yù)計(jì)將有四分之一以上的人口年齡超過(guò)65歲。在中國(guó)，計(jì)劃生育政策“加速了這種人口過(guò)渡過(guò)程”。因此，中國(guó)的“老齡化速度將快于歷其它任何國(guó)家”。在日本，自1999年以來(lái)，退休人口數(shù)量已超過(guò)新就業(yè)人口數(shù)量。
More than a quarter of the people in some “developed economies” are expected to be older than 65 by 2015. In China family planning policies had “accelerated the process of demographic transition”. As a result, the country was “ageing faster than any other nation in history”. In Japan the number of people retiring from the country’s workforce since 1999 had exceeded the number of new recruits.
盡管2000年至2006年，亞洲國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)平均年增幅高達(dá)6.3%——是全球其它地區(qū)的兩倍以上，但該地區(qū)很多人仍將經(jīng)歷嚴(yán)重貧困。逾10億人（占該地區(qū)勞動(dòng)力的近62%）仍工作在“非正規(guī)經(jīng)濟(jì)”中。國(guó)際勞工組織稱，該地區(qū)約9億人每日生活費(fèi)不到2美元，“其中，3.08億人生活在每日生活費(fèi)不足1美元的極度貧困狀態(tài)之中?！?BR> In spite of average annual GDP growth of 6.3 per cent between 2000 and 2006 – more than twice rates experienced in the rest of the world – many people in the region were still suffering from serious poverty. More than 1bn people, representing almost 62 per cent of the region’s labour force, were still working in the “informal economy”. Some 900m were living on less than US$2 a day and “308m of these living in extreme poverty on less than US$1 per day”, says the ILO.
雇主和政界人士所面臨的問(wèn)題包括：數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)、希望找到更高薪酬工作的人紛紛移民海外；越來(lái)越多的人從農(nóng)村遷往城市，到2015年，預(yù)計(jì)亞洲城市人口將增加3.5億，而農(nóng)村人口預(yù)計(jì)僅增長(zhǎng)1500萬(wàn)；收入不平等不斷加??；改善就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)（特別是女性）越來(lái)越必要。
Problems facing employers and politicians include: increasing migration by millions seeking better paid work abroad; the growing movement of people from the land to cities, with the region’s urban population expected to grow by 350m by 2015, while the rural population is expected to rise by only 15m; rising income inequalities; and the need to improve job opportunities particularly for women.
為促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)原材料和能源的需求將加大環(huán)境壓力。國(guó)際勞工組織總干事胡安?索馬維亞(Juan Somavia)表示：“有一點(diǎn)很明顯：長(zhǎng)期而言，像往常那樣做事是不可持續(xù)的。亞洲正經(jīng)歷著前所未有的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)發(fā)展。與此同時(shí)，環(huán)境壓力、經(jīng)濟(jì)不安全、治理缺陷和收入分配不均等引發(fā)的脆弱性，對(duì)該地區(qū)未來(lái)的發(fā)展構(gòu)成了威脅?！?BR> The need for raw materials and energy to fuel growth was increasing environmental pressures. Juan Somavia, ILO director general, said: “One thing is clear: doing business as usual is not sustainable over the long term. Asia is experiencing unprecedented growth and development. At the same time, vulnerabilities arising from environmental pressures, economic insecurity, shortcomings in governance and unequal income distribution pose a threat to the region’s future development.”