4、舉例作為插入語(yǔ)（顯著詞such as; for example; including etc.） 插入語(yǔ)主要起補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明的作用，我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行快速閱讀的時(shí)候通常會(huì)把它省略，即忽略不看。但是，筆者在這里要提出的一點(diǎn)是，如果根據(jù)文章問(wèn)題回原文定位句子時(shí)，如果定位的關(guān)鍵句子包含了以上插入語(yǔ)中的任何一種形式，則答案往往就在此處。例如： 原文：Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems. 考題： Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of A. instrumental support B. informational support C. social companionship D. the strengthening of self-respect ?。?）Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. （2005.1） 翻譯：普通感冒患者的一些典型癥狀，如鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉嚨發(fā)癢，發(fā)作比較緩慢，成人和青少年患者一般不會(huì)有發(fā)熱癥狀。
（2）And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. （2005.1） 翻譯：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，流感癥狀包括發(fā)燒、發(fā)冷、喉嚨發(fā)癢、渾身疼痛，比普通感冒的癥狀來(lái)得突然和猛烈。 ☆注意：舉例有時(shí)可以換成短語(yǔ)，如介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)等等；還可以換成有兩個(gè)破折號(hào)引起的插入語(yǔ)成分。例如： It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and jounals and to producing video materials on ASL and deaf culture—is having lunch at a café near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.(2004.6) 時(shí)間過(guò)了37年?，F(xiàn)在Stoloe致力于撰寫(xiě)和編輯關(guān)于美國(guó)手語(yǔ)和聾啞人文化的書(shū)籍和雜志，以及制作相關(guān)的錄像材料。
5、并列句連用使得句子變長(zhǎng)（主謂賓都可以并列） 并列句是四級(jí)閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會(huì)把幾個(gè)成分相同的并列句子，通過(guò)剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的句子。 解決方法：*這樣句子的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚兩個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系，補(bǔ)全成分后重新還原為幾個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子即可。例如： To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines. (2004.6) 翻譯：對(duì)政府來(lái)說(shuō)，更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到過(guò)外事辦的批準(zhǔn)，并且她事實(shí)上非常了解安哥拉的形勢(shì)和英國(guó)政府關(guān)于地雷的政策。 相當(dāng)于拆分成三個(gè)句子： (1) To make matters worse for the government (2) It soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office. (3) It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines.
6、多重復(fù)合句疊加 所謂多重復(fù)合句疊加，就是說(shuō)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子當(dāng)中可能包含了好幾種句式（并列的定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)等等）。 解決方法：分清主從句，理清句子邏輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。例如： （1）Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (2006.1) 結(jié)構(gòu)圖： ★①——☆① ○——○—— ★②——☆② 說(shuō)明： ○——○=then there is the general, all covering apology ★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act ★②= and which the person should promise never to do again ☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting ☆②= Who is apologizing 顯然，原句子是由有there be引導(dǎo)做主句，后面跟了兩個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語(yǔ)從句中有各自有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，像是一個(gè)連環(huán)套。 分解為以下幾個(gè)句子： 1.Then there is the general, all covering apology 2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
（2）And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. （2005.1） 翻譯：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，流感癥狀包括發(fā)燒、發(fā)冷、喉嚨發(fā)癢、渾身疼痛，比普通感冒的癥狀來(lái)得突然和猛烈。 ☆注意：舉例有時(shí)可以換成短語(yǔ)，如介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)等等；還可以換成有兩個(gè)破折號(hào)引起的插入語(yǔ)成分。例如： It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and jounals and to producing video materials on ASL and deaf culture—is having lunch at a café near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.(2004.6) 時(shí)間過(guò)了37年?，F(xiàn)在Stoloe致力于撰寫(xiě)和編輯關(guān)于美國(guó)手語(yǔ)和聾啞人文化的書(shū)籍和雜志，以及制作相關(guān)的錄像材料。
5、并列句連用使得句子變長(zhǎng)（主謂賓都可以并列） 并列句是四級(jí)閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會(huì)把幾個(gè)成分相同的并列句子，通過(guò)剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的句子。 解決方法：*這樣句子的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚兩個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系，補(bǔ)全成分后重新還原為幾個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子即可。例如： To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines. (2004.6) 翻譯：對(duì)政府來(lái)說(shuō)，更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到過(guò)外事辦的批準(zhǔn)，并且她事實(shí)上非常了解安哥拉的形勢(shì)和英國(guó)政府關(guān)于地雷的政策。 相當(dāng)于拆分成三個(gè)句子： (1) To make matters worse for the government (2) It soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office. (3) It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines.
6、多重復(fù)合句疊加 所謂多重復(fù)合句疊加，就是說(shuō)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子當(dāng)中可能包含了好幾種句式（并列的定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)等等）。 解決方法：分清主從句，理清句子邏輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。例如： （1）Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (2006.1) 結(jié)構(gòu)圖： ★①——☆① ○——○—— ★②——☆② 說(shuō)明： ○——○=then there is the general, all covering apology ★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act ★②= and which the person should promise never to do again ☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting ☆②= Who is apologizing 顯然，原句子是由有there be引導(dǎo)做主句，后面跟了兩個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語(yǔ)從句中有各自有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，像是一個(gè)連環(huán)套。 分解為以下幾個(gè)句子： 1.Then there is the general, all covering apology 2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act