二、Different Types of shipping services 不同類型的海上運輸服務 (考試重點)
2-1 課文：The international shipping market offers four types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.
注釋：namely: 即，就是，換句話說(=that is) conference lines: 班輪公會運輸 non-conference lines: 非班輪公會運輸 non-vessel operation common carriers: 無營運船公共承運人 tramp service: 不定期船運輸 (tramp: 在這里是指的“不定期航行”)
課文意思：國際海上運輸市場提供了四種類型的服務，即班輪公會運輸，非班輪公會運輸，無營運船公共承運人和不定期船運輸
2-2 Conference Lines 班輪公會運輸
2-2.1課文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會的定義，了解一下)
注釋：shipping conference:班輪公會 group: 團體，集團 shipping lines: 班輪運輸 operating: 運行的，操作的 particular: 特殊的，特定的 under agreement: 按照協議的，在這里引申為“預定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:費率表，運費表(我們常用的詞義是“關稅”) fixed:固定的 itinerary:路線，旅行計劃 ports of call: 港，?？扛?BR> 課文意思：班輪公會是按預定的船期表在特定的航線上從事營運的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費率表、固定的港。
2-2.2課文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注釋：purpose:目的 eliminate：消除，除去 price competition: 運價競爭 member lines: 會員公司 reduce:減少 outside competition: 外部競爭 capture:獲得，爭取(原義是“捕獲”) traffic: 在這里是“買賣，交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠誠，忠實(loyalty agreement: 忠誠協議) shipper:托運人
課文意思：班輪運輸的目的是消除會員公司之間在運價上的競爭，通過與托運人之間達成的忠誠協議為會員爭取大量貨源，以減少外部競爭。
2-2.3
對于托運人來說班輪公會運輸的優(yōu)勢(兩點)：
1. Stability of freight rates. 穩(wěn)定的運費率 (stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性)
2. Regularity of services. 定期的運輸服務 (regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性)
2-1 課文：The international shipping market offers four types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.
注釋：namely: 即，就是，換句話說(=that is) conference lines: 班輪公會運輸 non-conference lines: 非班輪公會運輸 non-vessel operation common carriers: 無營運船公共承運人 tramp service: 不定期船運輸 (tramp: 在這里是指的“不定期航行”)
課文意思：國際海上運輸市場提供了四種類型的服務，即班輪公會運輸，非班輪公會運輸，無營運船公共承運人和不定期船運輸
2-2 Conference Lines 班輪公會運輸
2-2.1課文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會的定義，了解一下)
注釋：shipping conference:班輪公會 group: 團體，集團 shipping lines: 班輪運輸 operating: 運行的，操作的 particular: 特殊的，特定的 under agreement: 按照協議的，在這里引申為“預定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:費率表，運費表(我們常用的詞義是“關稅”) fixed:固定的 itinerary:路線，旅行計劃 ports of call: 港，?？扛?BR> 課文意思：班輪公會是按預定的船期表在特定的航線上從事營運的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費率表、固定的港。
2-2.2課文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注釋：purpose:目的 eliminate：消除，除去 price competition: 運價競爭 member lines: 會員公司 reduce:減少 outside competition: 外部競爭 capture:獲得，爭取(原義是“捕獲”) traffic: 在這里是“買賣，交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠誠，忠實(loyalty agreement: 忠誠協議) shipper:托運人
課文意思：班輪運輸的目的是消除會員公司之間在運價上的競爭，通過與托運人之間達成的忠誠協議為會員爭取大量貨源，以減少外部競爭。
2-2.3
對于托運人來說班輪公會運輸的優(yōu)勢(兩點)：
1. Stability of freight rates. 穩(wěn)定的運費率 (stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性)
2. Regularity of services. 定期的運輸服務 (regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性)