1．It is vital that economic，political and social conditions which can alleviate poverty be established at national and international levels．
[參考譯文] 在全國(guó)以至全球營(yíng)造消除貧困的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和社會(huì)環(huán)境很重要。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 該句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It+is+形容詞+that-從句模式，即It is vital that．．．conditions be established．．．；It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)為that從句；主語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是economic，political and social conditions，謂語(yǔ)是be established，請(qǐng)注意；vital后的從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，故be established前省略了should；which引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)conditions的后置定語(yǔ)，at national and international levels是介詞短語(yǔ)，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
[知識(shí)鏈接] It is vital that．．．重要的是……；vital關(guān)鍵的，重要的；alleviate減輕，緩解；poverty貧困；establish建立；at…levels在……范圍內(nèi)／層次上。
2．Yet it is doubtful whether the proposition is strong enough to bear the vast weight of generalization that has been placed on．
[參考譯文]然而，這個(gè)論點(diǎn)是否依據(jù)充分以支持由此推導(dǎo)出的普遍原理，這一點(diǎn)值得懷疑。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 該句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It+is+形容詞+whether從句模式，即Yet it is doubtful whether．．．is strong．．．；讓作形式主語(yǔ)，指代后面的whether從句；whether從句中，主語(yǔ)是the proposition，謂語(yǔ)是is，表語(yǔ)是strong；enough是strong的狀語(yǔ)，enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)需后置；不定式to bear．．．作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，修飾enough，屬于enough to．．．搭配；that has been placed on it為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾generalization，這里的北指代前面的proposition。
[知識(shí)鏈接] It is doubtful．．．令人懷疑的是……；doubtful令人懷疑的；proposition觀點(diǎn)，論點(diǎn)；vast巨大的，大量的；place weight on．．強(qiáng)調(diào)／重視……；generalization普遍原理。
3．It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses has grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession.
[參考譯文] 英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)一直在走下坡路，而其開(kāi)設(shè)MBA課程的學(xué)校數(shù)量卻上升了254％，這種情形極不相稱。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 該句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It+is+形容詞+that---從句模式，即it is incongruous that the number of British institutions.．．has grown．．．；it作形式主語(yǔ)，指代that 從句，該從句的主語(yǔ)是the number of British institutions，謂語(yǔ)是has grown，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)offering …courses作British institutions的后置定語(yǔ)，by 254 percent作has grown的程度狀語(yǔ)，during a period是has grown的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾period，into deeper recession作狀語(yǔ)，修飾sliding。
[知識(shí)鏈接] incongruous不一致的，不相稱的；institution機(jī)構(gòu)，學(xué)校；offer提供(引申為開(kāi)設(shè)課程)；course課程；MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理碩士；slide下滑；recession衰退。
4．It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality．
[參考譯文] 人們普遍認(rèn)為孩子初幾年的經(jīng)歷對(duì)其性格以及日后個(gè)性的培養(yǎng)影響很大。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 該句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It+is+ed分詞+that-從句模式，即it is generally accepted that the experiences of the child．．．determine his character and later personality；it是形式主語(yǔ)，指代后面的that從句，從句的主語(yǔ)是the experiences of the child，謂語(yǔ)是determine，賓語(yǔ)是his character and later personality，in his first years是介詞短語(yǔ)，作前面experiences的后置定語(yǔ)，later為形容詞，作personality的定語(yǔ)。這個(gè)句子翻譯時(shí)要將被動(dòng)式h is generally accepted that轉(zhuǎn)為主動(dòng)式，這符合漢語(yǔ)的思維習(xí)慣，因?yàn)橛⑽亩啾粍?dòng)，漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)。
[知識(shí)鏈接] It is generally accepted that．．．人們普遍認(rèn)為；in his first years早年；largely很大程度上；character性格；later(a山．)隨后的，日后的；personality個(gè)性。
5．Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me．
[參考譯文] 我無(wú)法理解為什么人們情愿每天奔波四個(gè)小時(shí)以換取值得懷疑的鄉(xiāng)村之趣。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，可以拆分為三大部分：(Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country)is (beyond me)；Why引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，is作謂語(yǔ)，beyond me作表語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是people，謂體是are prepared to tolerate，a four-hour journey是賓語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)for the．．．country作目的狀語(yǔ)，修飾tolerate。
[知識(shí)鏈接] be prepared to do．．．愿意做……；tolerate忍受；dubious令人懷疑的；privilege特權(quán)，好處；beyond sb．超出某人能力，某人不理解。
6．It has always been a mystery to me why city-dwellers，who appreciate a，，these things，
obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country．
[參考譯文] 城里人喜歡城里的一切，卻要執(zhí)拗地裝出他們喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)村，這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)一直是個(gè)謎。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：It has always been a mystery．．．why city-dwellers．．．pretend that．．．；it作形式主語(yǔ)，指代后面的why．．．從句，該從句的主語(yǔ)是city-dwellers，謂語(yǔ)是pretend，之后的that從句是其賓語(yǔ)；who．．．these things是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞city-dwellers。
[知識(shí)鏈接] mystery神秘性，謎；city-dweller城市居民；appreciate喜歡，欣賞；obstinately固執(zhí)地；prefer to do．．．寧愿做／更喜歡；pretend that．．．假裝。
[參考譯文] 在全國(guó)以至全球營(yíng)造消除貧困的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和社會(huì)環(huán)境很重要。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 該句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It+is+形容詞+that-從句模式，即It is vital that．．．conditions be established．．．；It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)為that從句；主語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是economic，political and social conditions，謂語(yǔ)是be established，請(qǐng)注意；vital后的從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，故be established前省略了should；which引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)conditions的后置定語(yǔ)，at national and international levels是介詞短語(yǔ)，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
[知識(shí)鏈接] It is vital that．．．重要的是……；vital關(guān)鍵的，重要的；alleviate減輕，緩解；poverty貧困；establish建立；at…levels在……范圍內(nèi)／層次上。
2．Yet it is doubtful whether the proposition is strong enough to bear the vast weight of generalization that has been placed on．
[參考譯文]然而，這個(gè)論點(diǎn)是否依據(jù)充分以支持由此推導(dǎo)出的普遍原理，這一點(diǎn)值得懷疑。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 該句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It+is+形容詞+whether從句模式，即Yet it is doubtful whether．．．is strong．．．；讓作形式主語(yǔ)，指代后面的whether從句；whether從句中，主語(yǔ)是the proposition，謂語(yǔ)是is，表語(yǔ)是strong；enough是strong的狀語(yǔ)，enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)需后置；不定式to bear．．．作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，修飾enough，屬于enough to．．．搭配；that has been placed on it為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾generalization，這里的北指代前面的proposition。
[知識(shí)鏈接] It is doubtful．．．令人懷疑的是……；doubtful令人懷疑的；proposition觀點(diǎn)，論點(diǎn)；vast巨大的，大量的；place weight on．．強(qiáng)調(diào)／重視……；generalization普遍原理。
3．It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses has grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession.
[參考譯文] 英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)一直在走下坡路，而其開(kāi)設(shè)MBA課程的學(xué)校數(shù)量卻上升了254％，這種情形極不相稱。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 該句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It+is+形容詞+that---從句模式，即it is incongruous that the number of British institutions.．．has grown．．．；it作形式主語(yǔ)，指代that 從句，該從句的主語(yǔ)是the number of British institutions，謂語(yǔ)是has grown，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)offering …courses作British institutions的后置定語(yǔ)，by 254 percent作has grown的程度狀語(yǔ)，during a period是has grown的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾period，into deeper recession作狀語(yǔ)，修飾sliding。
[知識(shí)鏈接] incongruous不一致的，不相稱的；institution機(jī)構(gòu)，學(xué)校；offer提供(引申為開(kāi)設(shè)課程)；course課程；MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理碩士；slide下滑；recession衰退。
4．It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality．
[參考譯文] 人們普遍認(rèn)為孩子初幾年的經(jīng)歷對(duì)其性格以及日后個(gè)性的培養(yǎng)影響很大。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 該句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It+is+ed分詞+that-從句模式，即it is generally accepted that the experiences of the child．．．determine his character and later personality；it是形式主語(yǔ)，指代后面的that從句，從句的主語(yǔ)是the experiences of the child，謂語(yǔ)是determine，賓語(yǔ)是his character and later personality，in his first years是介詞短語(yǔ)，作前面experiences的后置定語(yǔ)，later為形容詞，作personality的定語(yǔ)。這個(gè)句子翻譯時(shí)要將被動(dòng)式h is generally accepted that轉(zhuǎn)為主動(dòng)式，這符合漢語(yǔ)的思維習(xí)慣，因?yàn)橛⑽亩啾粍?dòng)，漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)。
[知識(shí)鏈接] It is generally accepted that．．．人們普遍認(rèn)為；in his first years早年；largely很大程度上；character性格；later(a山．)隨后的，日后的；personality個(gè)性。
5．Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me．
[參考譯文] 我無(wú)法理解為什么人們情愿每天奔波四個(gè)小時(shí)以換取值得懷疑的鄉(xiāng)村之趣。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，可以拆分為三大部分：(Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country)is (beyond me)；Why引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，is作謂語(yǔ)，beyond me作表語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是people，謂體是are prepared to tolerate，a four-hour journey是賓語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)for the．．．country作目的狀語(yǔ)，修飾tolerate。
[知識(shí)鏈接] be prepared to do．．．愿意做……；tolerate忍受；dubious令人懷疑的；privilege特權(quán)，好處；beyond sb．超出某人能力，某人不理解。
6．It has always been a mystery to me why city-dwellers，who appreciate a，，these things，
obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country．
[參考譯文] 城里人喜歡城里的一切，卻要執(zhí)拗地裝出他們喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)村，這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)一直是個(gè)謎。
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：It has always been a mystery．．．why city-dwellers．．．pretend that．．．；it作形式主語(yǔ)，指代后面的why．．．從句，該從句的主語(yǔ)是city-dwellers，謂語(yǔ)是pretend，之后的that從句是其賓語(yǔ)；who．．．these things是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞city-dwellers。
[知識(shí)鏈接] mystery神秘性，謎；city-dweller城市居民；appreciate喜歡，欣賞；obstinately固執(zhí)地；prefer to do．．．寧愿做／更喜歡；pretend that．．．假裝。