四級語法講義
一：時態(tài)：所謂的"時態(tài)"，就是時間+狀態(tài)。謂語動詞的時態(tài)見下表：
1．主動形式
過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 過去將來
一般 did do will/shall do should/would do
進行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /
完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虛擬語氣
完成進行 had been doing have/has been doing / /
2．被動形式
過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 過去將來
一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given
進行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / /
完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given
完成進行 / / /
v CET-4 ?？嫉娜N時態(tài)：過去完成時；將來完成時；（現(xiàn)在/過去）完成進行時。
v 時間狀語從句當(dāng)中的時態(tài)：
一般過去時 所有的過去
用 一般現(xiàn)在時 表示 現(xiàn)在和將來
現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成和將來完成
一．非謂語動詞
一．不定式：
一）不定式的?？夹问剑?BR> 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被動形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
語法功能： 表示與謂語動詞同步發(fā)生
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被動形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
語法功能：表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前
二）不定式常考的考點：
1）不定式做定語----將要發(fā)生
2）不定式做狀語----目的
3）不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示動作的完整性，真實性；
+ doing 表示動作的連續(xù)性，進行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調(diào)"我看見了"這個事實)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（強調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個動作）
v 感官動詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役動詞 have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動以后要還原to
I ‘d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
一：時態(tài)：所謂的"時態(tài)"，就是時間+狀態(tài)。謂語動詞的時態(tài)見下表：
1．主動形式
過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 過去將來
一般 did do will/shall do should/would do
進行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /
完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虛擬語氣
完成進行 had been doing have/has been doing / /
2．被動形式
過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 過去將來
一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given
進行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / /
完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given
完成進行 / / /
v CET-4 ?？嫉娜N時態(tài)：過去完成時；將來完成時；（現(xiàn)在/過去）完成進行時。
v 時間狀語從句當(dāng)中的時態(tài)：
一般過去時 所有的過去
用 一般現(xiàn)在時 表示 現(xiàn)在和將來
現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成和將來完成
一．非謂語動詞
一．不定式：
一）不定式的?？夹问剑?BR> 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被動形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
語法功能： 表示與謂語動詞同步發(fā)生
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被動形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
語法功能：表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前
二）不定式常考的考點：
1）不定式做定語----將要發(fā)生
2）不定式做狀語----目的
3）不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示動作的完整性，真實性；
+ doing 表示動作的連續(xù)性，進行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調(diào)"我看見了"這個事實)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（強調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個動作）
v 感官動詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役動詞 have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動以后要還原to
I ‘d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do