1.It is a great pleasure to tell how I served my apprenticeship as a businessman. 我很高興談?wù)勎沂窃鯓右娏?xí)辦實(shí)業(yè)的。
這里apprenticeship是比喻義。卡耐基在本文中所講的并不是他怎樣學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)商，而是記敘了他不滿13歲時(shí)開始在棉紡廠當(dāng)小工的情況。但他把他少年時(shí)期這段經(jīng)歷看成是他一生成功創(chuàng)業(yè)（包括創(chuàng)建慈善事業(yè)）的“學(xué)徒期”（他在第六段中把這段時(shí)間稱為“我以后辦實(shí)業(yè)見決期的前奏”，即my preparation of the subsequent apprentice as a businessman），因?yàn)檫@段艱苦生活的磨難使他終身受益。
serve： spend a period of time learning a trade/ in a post/in prison
當(dāng)學(xué)徒；任職；服刑，
eg： He has served in the army for three years.
他已經(jīng)服了三年兵役。
eg： Franklin Roosevelt served 4 terms as U.S. President.
富蘭克林？羅斯福當(dāng)了四任美國總統(tǒng)。
eg： The man is serving a three-year sentence for bribery.
他因受賄被判入獄3年，正在服刑。
eg： After serving a three-year apprenticeship in a garment factory， the young man was employed as a tailor.
在一家服裝廠當(dāng)了3年學(xué)徒之后，那年輕人被聘任為裁縫。
2. But there seems to be a questionpreceding his： Why did I become a businessman？
precede： （formal） to come or go before sb. /sth. in time，order， position， etc； to happen before sth.
先于，位于……之前，優(yōu)先
eg： A loud roar preceded the earthquake.
巨大的轟鳴聲之后發(fā)生了地震。
eg： In the preceding lecture we dealt with the development of nuclear technology.
上一節(jié)課我闡述了核技術(shù)的歷程。
3. I am sure that I should never have selected a business career if I had been permitted to choose. 我相信要是我有選擇的余地，我不會(huì)選擇經(jīng)商的生涯。
if I had （此句包含一虛擬條件句）
eg：If I had been admitted by Peking University， I should have found a better major.
我要是被北大錄取了，我就會(huì)找到一個(gè)更好的專業(yè)。
4. The eldestson of parents who were themselves poor， I had， fortunately， to begin to perform some useful work in the world while still very young in order to earn an living and therefore came to understand even early boyhood that my duty was to asistmy parents and become， as soon as possible， a breadwinner in the family.作為窮人家里的長子，我有幸為了謀生不得不很小就出外干活，因而在孩童時(shí)期就懂得了我的責(zé)任是協(xié)助父母養(yǎng)家，盡快成為家里掙錢的人。 這是個(gè)包含60個(gè)詞、三個(gè)從句、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子。句子的主干是主語 + 由and連接的兩個(gè)并列謂語：1）had to begin to perform some useful work……，2）came to understand……。 the eldest son of parents是主語的補(bǔ)足語；who were themselves poor是定語從句，修飾parents；fortunately（副詞），in the world（介詞短語），while still very young（ = while I was still very young省略形式的時(shí)間從句），in order to earn a living（不定式短語）都是狀語是，修飾第一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞had to begin to perform.在第二個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞之后，in early boyhood是它的時(shí)間狀語，以下是一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語從句，其中my duty是主語，表語是兩個(gè)并列的不定式短語to assist my parents和（to）become a breadwinner， as soon as possible和in the family都是become a breadwinner的狀語。 注意fortunately一詞前后各有一個(gè)逗號插入had to begin 之間，使其醒目，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)小小出外干活其實(shí)是件“幸運(yùn)”的事。
Eldest年長的
earn a living： make a living謀生
eg： He began to earn a living by himself when he was over ten years old.
他十多歲就開始自己謀生了。
注意assist與help的區(qū)別：前者表示“協(xié)助”，被協(xié)助的人起主要作用，協(xié)助人起輔助作用（養(yǎng)家糊口主要是他父母的責(zé)任）；
help表示為他人做一部分工作，或一起做。
eg： This academic year， Xiao Li is assisting Professor Chen in Modern British History.
這個(gè)學(xué)年，小李為陳教授的“英國現(xiàn)代史課”當(dāng)助教。
eg： Xiao Li helped Professor Chen to carry those books to his office.
小李幫陳教授把那些書搬到他的辦公室。（可能小李搬的更多。）
breadwinner掙錢的人， 養(yǎng)家糊口的人
eg：He is the only breadwinner of the five-people family.
他是這五口之家掙錢的人。
5.What I could get to do， not what I desired， was the question. I was not in a position to choose a job； I had to accept any job I could find. 問題是，我能找到什么活干，而不是我想干什么活。（意思是因?yàn)槿诵?，不易找到工作，不是人選工作，而是有什么就干什么。）
更常用的形式是：The question is = The problem is，問題是……，
eg：The problem is how to find a way through out the forest.
問題是如何找到走出森林的路。
eg：The question is whether he is competent for the job not whether he will accept the job.
問題是他是否勝任這個(gè)工作，而不是他是否愿意接受這個(gè)工作。
eg：The question is whether he would like me to assist him， not whether I'm ready to so.
問題是他是否讓我協(xié)助他，而不是我是否愿意。
6. He owned no fewer than four handlooms and employed apprentices. 他有四臺(tái)之多的手工織布機(jī)，還雇了幾個(gè)學(xué)徒。
no fewer than：不少于（表示在當(dāng)時(shí)的情況下，這個(gè)數(shù)目是大的）
eg：That cool summer， they sold no fewer than 70 airconditioners.
那個(gè)涼爽的夏天，他們賣出的空調(diào)機(jī)也有70臺(tái)之多。
eg：At the first class of this term， there were no fewer than 20 students in his class.
7. When the steam engine came， handloom weaving naturally declined蒸汽機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，自然使得手工機(jī)織業(yè)衰退。 卡耐基生于工業(yè)革命（18世紀(jì)中葉-19世紀(jì)中葉）后期，此前英國人瓦特（1736——1819）發(fā)明了高效蒸汽機(jī)（1769）， 使得紡織工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率大大提高 ，從而擠垮了手工紡織業(yè)。
decling： to becomesmaller， weaker or fewer下降， 削弱， 衰退，謝絕
eg：Her influence declinde greatly after she lost the election.
落選后她的影響力大大削弱了。
eg：He declined my invitation politely.
他謝絕了我的邀請。
eg：a declinging birth-rate
日趨下降的出生率
eg：declining sales
逐漸減少的銷售額
his declinging years （i.e. those towards the end of his life）暮年
decline也可作名詞用：
eg：a decline in population/prices/popularity 人口、價(jià)格/受歡迎的程度下降
eg：Manufacturing output is in decline. 產(chǎn)量在下降。
eg：The stock market is on the decline.
股市下跌
eg：The industry fell/went into a decline soon after the war.
戰(zhàn)后這個(gè)行業(yè)逐步衰退。
eg：The number of robberies in the area is on the decline.
這個(gè)地區(qū)搶劫案的數(shù)目在下降。
8. I resolved then that the wolf of poverty should be driven from our door some day.I made up my mind then that some day we would have enough money to buy food and other necessities. 我當(dāng)時(shí)下定決心總有一天我們要解決溫飽問題。（也可直譯為：……總有一天我們要把窮困這只惡狼從家門口轟走。）
resolve （on/upon/against sth.）： to decide firmly決心
eg：I resolve never to give up.
我決心永不放棄。
eg：He resolved on/against （making）an early start.
他堅(jiān)決主張/反對早出發(fā)。
eg：She resolved that she would never see him again.
她決定再不見他了。
此句由習(xí)語keep the wolf from the door： to have enough money to avoid hunger and need（免于窮困或挨餓）演變而來，
eg： In those days， no matter how hard the family worked， they could hardly keep the wolf from the door.
在那個(gè)年代，無論全家人怎么拼命干，還是難以糊口。
9.The question of starting for the United States was discussed from day to day in the family council.—— Every day my family discussed whether we should move to the United States.
from day to day/day by day： happening every day
eg：Things change from day to day.
事物每天都在變化。
10.I well remember that both father and mother thought the decision was a great sacrifice for them， nut that “it would be better for the two boys”。 我記得很清楚父親和母親都覺得這個(gè)決定對他們來說是很大的犧牲，但是“對兩個(gè)孩子來說更為有利”。
Well：completely
eg：He well forgot about the afternoon meeting.
他完全忘記了下午的會(huì)議。
11 ……and that was how I began my preparation for subsequent apprenticeship as a businessman.—— ……working in the cotton factory as a “bobbin-boy”started me off learninghow to do business. 就這樣我開始了為后來實(shí)業(yè)家見習(xí)期的前期準(zhǔn)備工作。 that is / was how / why / what， etc.：這就是……怎樣/為什么/什么等……的。 That's why I'd left my mum and dad in the North， and came to London. 這就是我告別留在北方的爸爸媽媽而只身來到倫敦的原因。
subsequent： later；following后來的
12. I cannot tell you how proud I was when I received my first week's earnings——one dollar and twenty cents. 我簡直不知道怎么形容我拿到第一個(gè)星期掙的1美元20美分時(shí)的自豪勁兒。
I cannot/ can't tell you how / what， etc.： 用來表示無法表達(dá)的感情
eg：I just can't tell you how I felt when I heard the news.
我簡直無法形容我聽到這消息時(shí)的感受。
eg：I can't tell you what a despicable man he was.
我無法形容那人是多么卑鄙。
13.It was given to me because I had been of some use to the world. And I became a contributing member of my family！ 這錢給了我是因?yàn)槲覍ι鐣?huì)有了點(diǎn)用處；還有，我已經(jīng)能為家里作出點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)了。（說明作者自豪的原因。）
be of use： be useful
be of + n = adj
eg：The meeting is of great importance.
這個(gè)會(huì)議非常重要。
eg：The painting is of great value.
這幅畫很貴重。
14. I think this makes a man out of a boy sooner than almost anything else. 我覺得沒有別的事情能使一個(gè)少年更快地成長為一個(gè)男子漢了。 The day I got my first week's earnings， I suddenly found myself grown up. I felt I was no longer a mere boy， but quite a man. I came to belicre tghat hardships can help a boy mature quickly./This perhaps is the best way to enable a boy to recognize his responsibility for his family.
makes ……out of用……制造出，造就出
eg：Ten years of hard work made an old woman out of a young girl.
十年的艱辛勞動(dòng)把一個(gè)年輕的小姑娘變成了一個(gè)老太婆。
15 It iseverything to feel that you are useful.—— You feel great when you are useful to your family and to society./To find yourself useful to the family and society gives yor the greatest satisfaction you can ever feel. 感到自己是個(gè)有用的人那才叫棒。
everything： the most important thing重要的事。
eg：What he said is not everything.
他說的并不是重要的。
eg：Money isn't everything.
不是一切。
16Millions of dollars have since passed through my hands. But the genuine satisfaction I hadfrim that one dollar and twenty cents outweighs any subsequent pleasure in money making.—— The satisfaction I got from the one dollar and twenty cents was far greater than any pleasure I felt in making money later on. 從那以后有成百萬的美元經(jīng)過我的手，可是以后賺的任何一筆錢給我?guī)淼臍g欣，都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比不上那1美元20美分使我體驗(yàn)到的滿足感。
since adv.： since I received that one dollar and twenty cents.
outweigh： be greater or more important than更大，更重要，又如：
eg：Many people believe that the benefits of TV far outweigh the harm it might do to children.
許多人認(rèn)為電視的好處大大超過它可能會(huì)對少年兒童傷害。
注：Outwin勝出， outscore 得分超過， outmatch戰(zhàn)勝
17 itrepresented a week of very hard work——so hard that it might have been described asslavery if it hadn't been for its aim and end.這1美元20美分代表一個(gè)星期十分艱苦的勞動(dòng)，要不是因?yàn)楦苫畹哪康氖菕赍X幫父母養(yǎng)家，那活真可以稱為奴隸般的勞動(dòng)。
represent代表
eg： She will represent our class to go to the English Speech Contest.
她將代表我們班參加這次英語演講比賽。
that從句表示hard的程度。
as slavery是that從句中主語it的補(bǔ)足語。
describe sth./ sb. as：稱……為……
eg：The place is described as a paradise.
這個(gè)地方被描繪成天堂。
eg：I wouldn't describe the meeting as successful.
我不會(huì)說那次會(huì)議開得成功。
aim and end：目的。這里aim與end的意思相近。英語有些約定俗成的短語由兩上意思很近的詞組成
eg：fair and square（公平合理）
eg： the stresses and strains緊張壓力。
18. It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve to rise every morning， except Sunday， go to the factory while it was still dark， and not be released until after darkness came again in the evening， forty minutes' break only being allowed at noon.—— Working in the factory was a terrible experience for a child of twelve. I was kept there from early in the morning to late in the eveningj ，with a lunch break of only forty minutes. （In American history， child labour wasunscrupulously explited by the industrial capitalists in the early 1900's.） 除星期日之外，每天天不亮就要起床去工廠，直到晚上天黑下來才讓離開，中午只給40分鐘的時(shí)間休息，這對一個(gè)12歲的孩子來說，擔(dān)子真是太重了。這個(gè)由45個(gè)詞組成的句子主要是主語長而復(fù)雜。句子的主語是三個(gè)并列的不定式短語：1） to rise…… Sunday；2） （to）go to the factory；3） not （to） be released.兩個(gè)時(shí)間從句中：1） while it was still dark修飾go to the factory；2） until after darkness came again in the evening修飾not be released.for引出三個(gè)不定式的邏輯主語a lad of twelve.It是全句的形式主語。 until after作連接詞，after可有可無。 Forty minutes' break only being allowed at noon是獨(dú)立主格分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語修飾三個(gè)不定式短語，說明從早到晚只有40分鐘的休息。注意作者用be released（釋放出來）形容他的一天在工廠里干活，到收工時(shí)感覺就像從監(jiān)獄或籠子里放出來一樣。
release：to allow a person or an animal to come out of a place； to set them free釋放出來
eg：He was just released from prison.
他剛從監(jiān)獄釋放出來。
eg：He was released from hospital yesterday.
他已于昨天出院。
Poverty-release
19.something within always told me that this aware last. 我的內(nèi)心有一種力量時(shí)時(shí)激勵(lì)我：這種情況不會(huì)，也不可能，更不應(yīng)該持續(xù)下去。
注意句子的結(jié)尾是用了三個(gè)否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一個(gè)比一個(gè)有力
eg：I firmly believe that racial discrimination should be eliminated. It can be and will be.
我堅(jiān)信種族歧視應(yīng)該消除，能夠消除，也一定會(huì)消除。
20 But here for a time it was even worse than in the cotton factory， because I was set to firethe boiler in the cellar and run the small steam engine which drove the machinery. 可是在這里，有一段時(shí)間情況比棉紡廠更糟，因?yàn)槲壹纫獰叵率业腻仩t，還要看管那臺(tái)驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)器的小蒸汽機(jī)。
be set to do sth.：被派做……
eg：He was set to clean the corridor.
他被派去掃走廊。
be set to sth.還有“決意做……”的意思
eg：She was set to win the championship.
她決意要贏得冠軍的稱號。
這里apprenticeship是比喻義。卡耐基在本文中所講的并不是他怎樣學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)商，而是記敘了他不滿13歲時(shí)開始在棉紡廠當(dāng)小工的情況。但他把他少年時(shí)期這段經(jīng)歷看成是他一生成功創(chuàng)業(yè)（包括創(chuàng)建慈善事業(yè)）的“學(xué)徒期”（他在第六段中把這段時(shí)間稱為“我以后辦實(shí)業(yè)見決期的前奏”，即my preparation of the subsequent apprentice as a businessman），因?yàn)檫@段艱苦生活的磨難使他終身受益。
serve： spend a period of time learning a trade/ in a post/in prison
當(dāng)學(xué)徒；任職；服刑，
eg： He has served in the army for three years.
他已經(jīng)服了三年兵役。
eg： Franklin Roosevelt served 4 terms as U.S. President.
富蘭克林？羅斯福當(dāng)了四任美國總統(tǒng)。
eg： The man is serving a three-year sentence for bribery.
他因受賄被判入獄3年，正在服刑。
eg： After serving a three-year apprenticeship in a garment factory， the young man was employed as a tailor.
在一家服裝廠當(dāng)了3年學(xué)徒之后，那年輕人被聘任為裁縫。
2. But there seems to be a questionpreceding his： Why did I become a businessman？
precede： （formal） to come or go before sb. /sth. in time，order， position， etc； to happen before sth.
先于，位于……之前，優(yōu)先
eg： A loud roar preceded the earthquake.
巨大的轟鳴聲之后發(fā)生了地震。
eg： In the preceding lecture we dealt with the development of nuclear technology.
上一節(jié)課我闡述了核技術(shù)的歷程。
3. I am sure that I should never have selected a business career if I had been permitted to choose. 我相信要是我有選擇的余地，我不會(huì)選擇經(jīng)商的生涯。
if I had （此句包含一虛擬條件句）
eg：If I had been admitted by Peking University， I should have found a better major.
我要是被北大錄取了，我就會(huì)找到一個(gè)更好的專業(yè)。
4. The eldestson of parents who were themselves poor， I had， fortunately， to begin to perform some useful work in the world while still very young in order to earn an living and therefore came to understand even early boyhood that my duty was to asistmy parents and become， as soon as possible， a breadwinner in the family.作為窮人家里的長子，我有幸為了謀生不得不很小就出外干活，因而在孩童時(shí)期就懂得了我的責(zé)任是協(xié)助父母養(yǎng)家，盡快成為家里掙錢的人。 這是個(gè)包含60個(gè)詞、三個(gè)從句、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子。句子的主干是主語 + 由and連接的兩個(gè)并列謂語：1）had to begin to perform some useful work……，2）came to understand……。 the eldest son of parents是主語的補(bǔ)足語；who were themselves poor是定語從句，修飾parents；fortunately（副詞），in the world（介詞短語），while still very young（ = while I was still very young省略形式的時(shí)間從句），in order to earn a living（不定式短語）都是狀語是，修飾第一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞had to begin to perform.在第二個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞之后，in early boyhood是它的時(shí)間狀語，以下是一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語從句，其中my duty是主語，表語是兩個(gè)并列的不定式短語to assist my parents和（to）become a breadwinner， as soon as possible和in the family都是become a breadwinner的狀語。 注意fortunately一詞前后各有一個(gè)逗號插入had to begin 之間，使其醒目，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)小小出外干活其實(shí)是件“幸運(yùn)”的事。
Eldest年長的
earn a living： make a living謀生
eg： He began to earn a living by himself when he was over ten years old.
他十多歲就開始自己謀生了。
注意assist與help的區(qū)別：前者表示“協(xié)助”，被協(xié)助的人起主要作用，協(xié)助人起輔助作用（養(yǎng)家糊口主要是他父母的責(zé)任）；
help表示為他人做一部分工作，或一起做。
eg： This academic year， Xiao Li is assisting Professor Chen in Modern British History.
這個(gè)學(xué)年，小李為陳教授的“英國現(xiàn)代史課”當(dāng)助教。
eg： Xiao Li helped Professor Chen to carry those books to his office.
小李幫陳教授把那些書搬到他的辦公室。（可能小李搬的更多。）
breadwinner掙錢的人， 養(yǎng)家糊口的人
eg：He is the only breadwinner of the five-people family.
他是這五口之家掙錢的人。
5.What I could get to do， not what I desired， was the question. I was not in a position to choose a job； I had to accept any job I could find. 問題是，我能找到什么活干，而不是我想干什么活。（意思是因?yàn)槿诵?，不易找到工作，不是人選工作，而是有什么就干什么。）
更常用的形式是：The question is = The problem is，問題是……，
eg：The problem is how to find a way through out the forest.
問題是如何找到走出森林的路。
eg：The question is whether he is competent for the job not whether he will accept the job.
問題是他是否勝任這個(gè)工作，而不是他是否愿意接受這個(gè)工作。
eg：The question is whether he would like me to assist him， not whether I'm ready to so.
問題是他是否讓我協(xié)助他，而不是我是否愿意。
6. He owned no fewer than four handlooms and employed apprentices. 他有四臺(tái)之多的手工織布機(jī)，還雇了幾個(gè)學(xué)徒。
no fewer than：不少于（表示在當(dāng)時(shí)的情況下，這個(gè)數(shù)目是大的）
eg：That cool summer， they sold no fewer than 70 airconditioners.
那個(gè)涼爽的夏天，他們賣出的空調(diào)機(jī)也有70臺(tái)之多。
eg：At the first class of this term， there were no fewer than 20 students in his class.
7. When the steam engine came， handloom weaving naturally declined蒸汽機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，自然使得手工機(jī)織業(yè)衰退。 卡耐基生于工業(yè)革命（18世紀(jì)中葉-19世紀(jì)中葉）后期，此前英國人瓦特（1736——1819）發(fā)明了高效蒸汽機(jī)（1769）， 使得紡織工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率大大提高 ，從而擠垮了手工紡織業(yè)。
decling： to becomesmaller， weaker or fewer下降， 削弱， 衰退，謝絕
eg：Her influence declinde greatly after she lost the election.
落選后她的影響力大大削弱了。
eg：He declined my invitation politely.
他謝絕了我的邀請。
eg：a declinging birth-rate
日趨下降的出生率
eg：declining sales
逐漸減少的銷售額
his declinging years （i.e. those towards the end of his life）暮年
decline也可作名詞用：
eg：a decline in population/prices/popularity 人口、價(jià)格/受歡迎的程度下降
eg：Manufacturing output is in decline. 產(chǎn)量在下降。
eg：The stock market is on the decline.
股市下跌
eg：The industry fell/went into a decline soon after the war.
戰(zhàn)后這個(gè)行業(yè)逐步衰退。
eg：The number of robberies in the area is on the decline.
這個(gè)地區(qū)搶劫案的數(shù)目在下降。
8. I resolved then that the wolf of poverty should be driven from our door some day.I made up my mind then that some day we would have enough money to buy food and other necessities. 我當(dāng)時(shí)下定決心總有一天我們要解決溫飽問題。（也可直譯為：……總有一天我們要把窮困這只惡狼從家門口轟走。）
resolve （on/upon/against sth.）： to decide firmly決心
eg：I resolve never to give up.
我決心永不放棄。
eg：He resolved on/against （making）an early start.
他堅(jiān)決主張/反對早出發(fā)。
eg：She resolved that she would never see him again.
她決定再不見他了。
此句由習(xí)語keep the wolf from the door： to have enough money to avoid hunger and need（免于窮困或挨餓）演變而來，
eg： In those days， no matter how hard the family worked， they could hardly keep the wolf from the door.
在那個(gè)年代，無論全家人怎么拼命干，還是難以糊口。
9.The question of starting for the United States was discussed from day to day in the family council.—— Every day my family discussed whether we should move to the United States.
from day to day/day by day： happening every day
eg：Things change from day to day.
事物每天都在變化。
10.I well remember that both father and mother thought the decision was a great sacrifice for them， nut that “it would be better for the two boys”。 我記得很清楚父親和母親都覺得這個(gè)決定對他們來說是很大的犧牲，但是“對兩個(gè)孩子來說更為有利”。
Well：completely
eg：He well forgot about the afternoon meeting.
他完全忘記了下午的會(huì)議。
11 ……and that was how I began my preparation for subsequent apprenticeship as a businessman.—— ……working in the cotton factory as a “bobbin-boy”started me off learninghow to do business. 就這樣我開始了為后來實(shí)業(yè)家見習(xí)期的前期準(zhǔn)備工作。 that is / was how / why / what， etc.：這就是……怎樣/為什么/什么等……的。 That's why I'd left my mum and dad in the North， and came to London. 這就是我告別留在北方的爸爸媽媽而只身來到倫敦的原因。
subsequent： later；following后來的
12. I cannot tell you how proud I was when I received my first week's earnings——one dollar and twenty cents. 我簡直不知道怎么形容我拿到第一個(gè)星期掙的1美元20美分時(shí)的自豪勁兒。
I cannot/ can't tell you how / what， etc.： 用來表示無法表達(dá)的感情
eg：I just can't tell you how I felt when I heard the news.
我簡直無法形容我聽到這消息時(shí)的感受。
eg：I can't tell you what a despicable man he was.
我無法形容那人是多么卑鄙。
13.It was given to me because I had been of some use to the world. And I became a contributing member of my family！ 這錢給了我是因?yàn)槲覍ι鐣?huì)有了點(diǎn)用處；還有，我已經(jīng)能為家里作出點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)了。（說明作者自豪的原因。）
be of use： be useful
be of + n = adj
eg：The meeting is of great importance.
這個(gè)會(huì)議非常重要。
eg：The painting is of great value.
這幅畫很貴重。
14. I think this makes a man out of a boy sooner than almost anything else. 我覺得沒有別的事情能使一個(gè)少年更快地成長為一個(gè)男子漢了。 The day I got my first week's earnings， I suddenly found myself grown up. I felt I was no longer a mere boy， but quite a man. I came to belicre tghat hardships can help a boy mature quickly./This perhaps is the best way to enable a boy to recognize his responsibility for his family.
makes ……out of用……制造出，造就出
eg：Ten years of hard work made an old woman out of a young girl.
十年的艱辛勞動(dòng)把一個(gè)年輕的小姑娘變成了一個(gè)老太婆。
15 It iseverything to feel that you are useful.—— You feel great when you are useful to your family and to society./To find yourself useful to the family and society gives yor the greatest satisfaction you can ever feel. 感到自己是個(gè)有用的人那才叫棒。
everything： the most important thing重要的事。
eg：What he said is not everything.
他說的并不是重要的。
eg：Money isn't everything.
不是一切。
16Millions of dollars have since passed through my hands. But the genuine satisfaction I hadfrim that one dollar and twenty cents outweighs any subsequent pleasure in money making.—— The satisfaction I got from the one dollar and twenty cents was far greater than any pleasure I felt in making money later on. 從那以后有成百萬的美元經(jīng)過我的手，可是以后賺的任何一筆錢給我?guī)淼臍g欣，都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比不上那1美元20美分使我體驗(yàn)到的滿足感。
since adv.： since I received that one dollar and twenty cents.
outweigh： be greater or more important than更大，更重要，又如：
eg：Many people believe that the benefits of TV far outweigh the harm it might do to children.
許多人認(rèn)為電視的好處大大超過它可能會(huì)對少年兒童傷害。
注：Outwin勝出， outscore 得分超過， outmatch戰(zhàn)勝
17 itrepresented a week of very hard work——so hard that it might have been described asslavery if it hadn't been for its aim and end.這1美元20美分代表一個(gè)星期十分艱苦的勞動(dòng)，要不是因?yàn)楦苫畹哪康氖菕赍X幫父母養(yǎng)家，那活真可以稱為奴隸般的勞動(dòng)。
represent代表
eg： She will represent our class to go to the English Speech Contest.
她將代表我們班參加這次英語演講比賽。
that從句表示hard的程度。
as slavery是that從句中主語it的補(bǔ)足語。
describe sth./ sb. as：稱……為……
eg：The place is described as a paradise.
這個(gè)地方被描繪成天堂。
eg：I wouldn't describe the meeting as successful.
我不會(huì)說那次會(huì)議開得成功。
aim and end：目的。這里aim與end的意思相近。英語有些約定俗成的短語由兩上意思很近的詞組成
eg：fair and square（公平合理）
eg： the stresses and strains緊張壓力。
18. It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve to rise every morning， except Sunday， go to the factory while it was still dark， and not be released until after darkness came again in the evening， forty minutes' break only being allowed at noon.—— Working in the factory was a terrible experience for a child of twelve. I was kept there from early in the morning to late in the eveningj ，with a lunch break of only forty minutes. （In American history， child labour wasunscrupulously explited by the industrial capitalists in the early 1900's.） 除星期日之外，每天天不亮就要起床去工廠，直到晚上天黑下來才讓離開，中午只給40分鐘的時(shí)間休息，這對一個(gè)12歲的孩子來說，擔(dān)子真是太重了。這個(gè)由45個(gè)詞組成的句子主要是主語長而復(fù)雜。句子的主語是三個(gè)并列的不定式短語：1） to rise…… Sunday；2） （to）go to the factory；3） not （to） be released.兩個(gè)時(shí)間從句中：1） while it was still dark修飾go to the factory；2） until after darkness came again in the evening修飾not be released.for引出三個(gè)不定式的邏輯主語a lad of twelve.It是全句的形式主語。 until after作連接詞，after可有可無。 Forty minutes' break only being allowed at noon是獨(dú)立主格分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語修飾三個(gè)不定式短語，說明從早到晚只有40分鐘的休息。注意作者用be released（釋放出來）形容他的一天在工廠里干活，到收工時(shí)感覺就像從監(jiān)獄或籠子里放出來一樣。
release：to allow a person or an animal to come out of a place； to set them free釋放出來
eg：He was just released from prison.
他剛從監(jiān)獄釋放出來。
eg：He was released from hospital yesterday.
他已于昨天出院。
Poverty-release
19.something within always told me that this aware last. 我的內(nèi)心有一種力量時(shí)時(shí)激勵(lì)我：這種情況不會(huì)，也不可能，更不應(yīng)該持續(xù)下去。
注意句子的結(jié)尾是用了三個(gè)否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一個(gè)比一個(gè)有力
eg：I firmly believe that racial discrimination should be eliminated. It can be and will be.
我堅(jiān)信種族歧視應(yīng)該消除，能夠消除，也一定會(huì)消除。
20 But here for a time it was even worse than in the cotton factory， because I was set to firethe boiler in the cellar and run the small steam engine which drove the machinery. 可是在這里，有一段時(shí)間情況比棉紡廠更糟，因?yàn)槲壹纫獰叵率业腻仩t，還要看管那臺(tái)驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)器的小蒸汽機(jī)。
be set to do sth.：被派做……
eg：He was set to clean the corridor.
他被派去掃走廊。
be set to sth.還有“決意做……”的意思
eg：She was set to win the championship.
她決意要贏得冠軍的稱號。