自考英語(一)講義(23)

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Unit 25
    Text A American Men Don't Cry
    第一段
    1. 第一行:American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of(什么的特征) men to do so.
    美國男人不哭,因為人們認為哭不是男人的特征。
    2. 第二行:Cry is a “weakness” characteristic of the female,and no American make wants to be identified with(被認為,被理解成為) anything in the least(一點、絲毫不)weak or feminine.
    沒有一個美國男人愿意被人認為有絲毫軟弱或女人氣。
    3. 第四行:Crying(動名次放在系動詞前作主語),in our culture,is identified with childishness,with weakness and dependence.
    在我們的文化中,哭被看成是幼稚、軟弱和依附的表現(xiàn)。
    4. 第五行:No one likes a crybaby,and we disapprove of (不贊同)crying even in children,discouraging(勸阻)it in them as early as possible.
    沒有人喜歡孩子哭。即使孩子們我們也不贊成他們哭,盡量早勸阻他們哭。
    5. 第七行:In a land so devoted to(致力于、專心于)the pursuit of(對什么的追求)happiness as ours,crying really is rather un-American.
    在我們這樣一個一心追求幸福的國家里,苦實在不是美國的風(fēng)格。
    6. 第九行:Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which(本句話為定于從句,在關(guān)系代詞which前用了介詞,此處的原因是由于:which代指situations;介詞in放在which前等于in situations,表示在一些情況下) it is permissible for a child to cry.
    在一些場合,孩子們可以哭,但成年人必須學(xué)會做到不哭。
    7. 第十行:Women being the “weaker”and “dependent”sex,it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations.本句話為虛擬語氣:it is+形容詞+that+主語+(should可以省略)+動詞原型
    女人是軟弱的和依附的性別,他們在某些動情的場合下哭是很自然的。
    8. 最后一行:So goes the American belief with regard to(關(guān)于、對于)crying.
    So goes sth. 這就是…
    這既是美國人有關(guān)哭的信念。
    第二段
    1. 第一行:impress on sb. 使某人銘記
    2. 第二行:And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.
    Condition sb. to do sth. 使某人出于某種狀態(tài)、使習(xí)慣于、使適應(yīng);調(diào)教
    Condition sb. not to do sth. 請注意此處的否定式
    Feel like doing sth. 喜歡做某事 feel like后面加動詞的ing形式
    我們也是這樣調(diào)教美國男人,不管他們什么時候想哭,都能做到不哭。
    3.第三行:it is not that…,but that…不是因為這個原因,而是因為那個原因。
    they are trained not to cry 請注意:否定詞被放在非謂語動詞to前
    4.P609第二行:And so the “l(fā)ittle man” controls his desire to cry and goes on doing so until(直到什么時候才) he is unable to cry even when he wants to.
    Go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做某事(做不同的事)
    Go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事(做同一件事)
    于是這位小男子漢控制自己哭的愿望,并一直這樣繼續(xù)下去,直到后來甚至想哭的時候也不會哭了。
    5.P609第九行:be known as 被認為是
    6.第十行:serve a function for sth. 起作用;as a whole 作為整體
    7.第十行: Any interference with(干涉)homeostasis is likely to(有可能做某事)be damaging to(對誰造成損害)the organism.
    對體內(nèi)平衡的任何干擾都可能損害機體。
    9. 最后一行:incapacity to do sth. 沒有做某事的能力;capacity to do sth. 有做某事的能力
    第四段
    1. 第一行:To be human is to weep. 哭是人的天性。
    2. 第一行:The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that sheds tears.(流淚)
    人類是動物界中能流淚的物種。
    3. 第二行:inability to do sth. 沒有做某事的能力;capacity to do sth. 有做某事的能力
    4. 第五行:among other things 除了其他方面;此外
    5. 第七行:If we feel like it,let us all have a good cry-and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.
    Clear sth. of sth. 把什么從什么中清除
    Prevent sb. from doing sth. 組織某人做某事
    假如我們想哭,就讓我們痛痛快快地哭一場,把那些長期妨礙我們認知哭泣這一自然需要的那些陳腐混亂觀念從我們的頭腦中清除出去。
    Text B Stop Worrying Now!
    第一段
    1. 第一行:Worry is one of the most common(最常見的,most common是common的級)forms of emotional distress in our culture. 憂慮是精神苦惱在我們文化中最常見的一種表現(xiàn)形式。
    2. 第二行:Almost everyone spends a considerable(相當(dāng)大的,相當(dāng)多的,相當(dāng)可觀的)amount of present moments worrying about the future.
    Spend time doing sth. 花時間做某事
    幾乎每個人都把現(xiàn)在相當(dāng)多的時間用于為將來憂慮。
    3. 第四行:Obsessive worry will never make things any(用來修飾比較級,表示強調(diào))better.
    過分的憂慮完全于事無補。
    4. 第五行:In fact,such worry will very likely help you to be less effective in dealing with the present.
    Be effective in sth./doing sth. 有效的做某事
    Deal with sth. 處理某事
    事實上,這種憂慮很可能讓你在處理現(xiàn)在的事情時成效更小。
    第二段
    1. 第一行:In order to reduce worry,it is necessary to understand the subconscious psychological “payoffs” for choosing to worry in the first place.
    in order to do sth. 為了做某事
    it在這里是形式主語,陰影部分是動詞不定式作真正的主語
    payoff for doing sth. 做某事所得到的補償
    in the first place 首先
    為了減少憂慮,首先有必要弄明白人們愛憂慮所能得到的潛意識心里補償是怎么回事。
    2. 第三行:This is a common lament,and one with a payoff that keeps you standing still and avoiding the risk of action.
    Keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事
    人們普遍這樣訴苦,這種訴苦的回報會讓你安之若素,避免貿(mào)然行動。
    3. 第五行:Clearly,it is easier,if less rewarding,to worry than to be an active,involved(投入的) person.
    很清楚,如果只求較少回報的話,做一個愁苦憂慮的人比作一個積極投入的人更容易。
    第三段
    1. 第一行:By worrying about someone else,you can label yourself as a caring person.
    Worry about sb. 擔(dān)心某人
    Label oneself as 把自己算/看成
    Caring person 關(guān)心別人的人
    你為別人操心,這樣你可以把自己算成關(guān)心別人的人。
    2. 第三行:I can't help worrying-it's because I love you.
    Can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
    我做不到不為你操心-因為我愛你。
    3. 第三行:A handsome dividend,although lacking in(缺少)logical,healthy thinking.
    這是個相當(dāng)不錯的回報,只不過缺乏合乎邏輯的、正常的思維。
    第四段
    1. 第二行:You have a good reason for hanging on to the worry behavior.
    Have a good reason for doing sth. 很有理由做某事
    Hang on to sth. 繼續(xù)做某事;緊緊抓?。磺笾?;依靠于;
    因此你有很好的理由繼續(xù)憂慮下去。
    2. 第三行:Similarly,you may find yourself smoking more in troublesome situations, and can use the worry to avoid giving up smoking.
    Find sb. doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事(這里的doing是作賓語補足語的)
    Avoid doing sth. 避免做某事(avoid后面只能加動詞的ing形式)
    同樣,你可能發(fā)現(xiàn)你在煩惱的情況下抽煙的更多,你可以用憂慮作口實,不去戒煙。
    3. 第五行:It may be easier for you to worry about chest pains than to risk finding out the truth, and then having to deal directly with yourself.
    It為形式主語,陰影中的動詞不定式是真正的主語
    Risk doing sth. 冒險做某事(risk后面只能加動詞的ing形式)
    Deal with oneself 處理自己的問題
    為胸痛而憂慮比冒險找出病因,然后不得不自己直接處理自己的問題更容易做到。
    第五段
    1. 第二行:While these may not seem to be payoffs,they do result in(導(dǎo)致) considerable attention from others and justify much self-pity as well.
    盡管這不能算回報,但它能引起別人的深切關(guān)注并能證明自憐是有道理的。
    2. P704第二行:And some people would rather be pitied(被人憐憫的) than fulfilled(充分發(fā)揮自己才能的)。
    有些人寧愿被人憐憫也不愿充分發(fā)揮自己的才能。
    第六段
    1. Now that 既然;devise some measures for doing sth. 想出做某事的措施
    第七段
    1. 第一行:Begin to view your present moments as times to live,rather than times to worry about the future.
    View sb. as 把某人看成;rather than 而不是
    你要開始把你現(xiàn)在的時間看成生活的時光而不是為未來憂慮的時光。
    2. Catch oneself doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事 e.g. catch yourself worrying 發(fā)現(xiàn)自己憂慮
    3. 最后一行:Then begin to attack(開始著手解決) whatever it is you're avoiding.
    然后你就著手解決你正在逃避的任何事。
    第八段
    1.第一行:A friend of mine spent a week on an island off the Connecticut coast.
    Spend 時間 on sth. 花時間做某事
    我的一個朋友在康涅狄格州海岸邊的一個島子上住了一個星期。
    2. Enjoy后面要加動詞的ing形式
    3. 第四行:She carried a rock in her hand and resolved to(決心做某事) show no fear as the dogs came running(分詞作伴隨狀語) toward her.
    他手里拿了一塊石頭,下定決心,當(dāng)狗向她跑來時,決不畏懼。
    4. 第六行:Seeing(現(xiàn)在分詞表原因,因為看到) someone who refused to back down, they turned and ran away.
    這些狗看見有人并不萎縮,轉(zhuǎn)身就跑掉了。
    第九段
    1. As a result of 作為什么的結(jié)果
    2. 第四行:What's the worst thing that could happen to(發(fā)生在某人身上)me,and what is the likelihood of it occurring(發(fā)生,請注意動詞的詞性)。
    可能發(fā)生在我身上的最糟糕的事是什么?發(fā)生的可能性有多大?
    第十段
    1. 第一行:Act in direct conflict with(與什么發(fā)生沖突,針鋒相對) your usual areas of worry.
    你行事要和你平常憂慮的事情針鋒相對。
    第十一段
    1. 第一行:These are some techniques for minimizing worry in your life.
    Technique for doing sth. 做某事的方法
    這是一些能夠限度減少你生活憂慮的技術(shù)。