Unit 21
Text A The Language of Uncertainty
第一段
1. Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language.(第一句)
Spread(傳播) through our lives thoroughly=在我們的生活中無(wú)處不在
不確定性在我們的生活中無(wú)所不在,以致它支配著我們的語(yǔ)言。
2. 第二句:is made up in large part of words
be made up of 構(gòu)成;in large part 很大程度上
3. 第五行:“is likely to destroy forever the nation that wages it.”
Be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事;wage it(the war) 發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
4. 最后一句話:Lacking(現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ),用現(xiàn)分的原因是主語(yǔ)we能夠發(fā)出lack的動(dòng)作) any standard for estimating the probability, we are left with(放任) the judgment of the editorial writer.
因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)狈θ魏喂烙?jì)這一可能性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),只好聽(tīng)任社論作者去做出判斷了。
第二段
1. 第一句:Such verbal imprecision is not necessarily to be criticized.
Be necessarily to do sth. 做某件事情沒(méi)有太大必要
句中采用了to be criticized是由于主語(yǔ)verbal imprecision(言辭的不精確性)無(wú)法發(fā)出criticize(批評(píng))的動(dòng)作。
這類(lèi)言辭的不精確性并非一定要受到批評(píng)。
2. 第二句:allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
be out of the question 不可能;不能接受;be out of question 沒(méi)問(wèn)題
第三段
1. 最后一句:can not be reduced to sth./sb.
be reduced to 轉(zhuǎn)化為
第四段
1. 第一句:pin down sth. 準(zhǔn)確說(shuō)明
2. 最后一句:compare sb./sth. with sb./sth. 拿某人或某事對(duì)比
第五段
1. First, we find that the number depends, of course, on the items involved.(過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),表示涉及)
Depend on 依靠;依賴
當(dāng)然,我們首先發(fā)現(xiàn)的是數(shù)目決定于涉及的事務(wù)。
2. 第三行:However, unrelated(不相關(guān)的) areas sometimes show parallel(相似、類(lèi)似) values.
然而,同一個(gè)詞在不相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域中有時(shí)量值相似。
3. 第五行:be certain to do sth. 一定做某事
4. 第六行:signify to sb. 對(duì)某人意味著
be likely to do sth. 很有可能做某事
第七段
1. 第一行:Thirdly, there is a marked (過(guò)分作定語(yǔ),表示明顯的)change with age.
數(shù)目隨年齡顯著變化
2. 第二行:The older the child, the fewer glass balls he will take. 越來(lái)越句型
年齡越大,取得玻璃球就越小。
3.P603頁(yè),上數(shù)第二行:in place of 替代
Text B It Never Rains but It Pours
第一段
1. 第二行:used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事
請(qǐng)比較 be/get/become used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事
2. 第五行:regard sth./sb. as 把什么看成
with no relevance to sb./sth. 與某人或某事沒(méi)有聯(lián)系
第二段
1. 第一句:Advice about how to live a healthy life is one example of the type of received wisdom which is condensed and passed on to the next generation in the form of proverbs.
介詞about后面是動(dòng)詞不定式to作賓語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞或介詞后可以+特問(wèn)詞+to do sth.的用法。E.g. I don't know where to go.或what to say.
Received wisdom 公認(rèn)的智慧
Pass on to 傳與后代
In the form of 以某種形式
2. 第四行:There is no smoke without fire. 無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。
第三段
1. 第二行:Don't wash your dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外揚(yáng)。
2. 第五行:It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。
3. 最后一行:Make the best of a bad job. 亡羊補(bǔ)牢。
第四段
1. P615上數(shù)第三行:This proverb is based on(基于) an old English law dating back to(追溯到) the 17th century.
2. P615上數(shù)第六行:Hence the idea carried in the proverb that everyone should be allowed to make a mistake without being punished for it.
因此,格言包含的寓意是,應(yīng)該允許任何人犯一次錯(cuò)而不受懲罰。
第五段
1. 第四行:be harmful to sb. 對(duì)某人有害
2. 第五行:Don't cause trouble when it(指trouble) can be avoided. 能避開(kāi)時(shí)就別去惹麻煩。
第六段
1. 第一行:As Britain came into contact with(開(kāi)始接觸) other countries and cultures, English became enriched with(變得豐富多彩) the words and wisdom of different languages.
隨著英國(guó)接觸別的國(guó)家和文化,英語(yǔ)吸收了不同語(yǔ)言的詞匯和智慧,因而變得豐富多彩。
2. 第五行:It(形式主語(yǔ)) is often easier to carry it through to the end(真正的主語(yǔ)) than to (不可省略,因?yàn)閠han前面與后面應(yīng)該并列同等)stop halfway. (開(kāi)始了某項(xiàng)危險(xiǎn)的事業(yè)),堅(jiān)持到底比半途而廢要更容易。
第七段
1. 第一行:Some proverbs have been(完成時(shí)的使用是因?yàn)楹竺娴臅r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段) in the language for 1,000 years.
2. 第二行:The message here is that someone who stays with you and helps you in times of trouble, rather than(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞,表示而不是) turning their back, is a true friend.
意思是在困難時(shí)幫助你,和你共患難而不是對(duì)你置之不理的人才是你真正的朋友。
第八段
1.第三行:remind sb. that+從句 提醒某人某事
3. P616. 上數(shù)第一行 If someone buys you lunch, they will expect a favor in return.(回報(bào))
如果有人請(qǐng)你吃午飯,他會(huì)指望將來(lái)你給他回報(bào)。
第九段
1. 第一行:Some English people are reluctant to(不愿做某事) use proverbs in their everyday conversation because they see them as(把什么看作) vehicles(表現(xiàn)) of too much used wisdom(陳詞濫調(diào))。 有些英國(guó)人在日常談話中不愿使用格言,因?yàn)樗麄儼迅裱钥闯墒顷愒~濫調(diào)的表現(xiàn)。
2. 第四行:written English 書(shū)面英語(yǔ);spoken English 口頭英語(yǔ)
homely 簡(jiǎn)明扼要的
commentary on sth. 點(diǎn)評(píng)某事
最后一行:be useful to sb. 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很有用
Text A The Language of Uncertainty
第一段
1. Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language.(第一句)
Spread(傳播) through our lives thoroughly=在我們的生活中無(wú)處不在
不確定性在我們的生活中無(wú)所不在,以致它支配著我們的語(yǔ)言。
2. 第二句:is made up in large part of words
be made up of 構(gòu)成;in large part 很大程度上
3. 第五行:“is likely to destroy forever the nation that wages it.”
Be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事;wage it(the war) 發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
4. 最后一句話:Lacking(現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ),用現(xiàn)分的原因是主語(yǔ)we能夠發(fā)出lack的動(dòng)作) any standard for estimating the probability, we are left with(放任) the judgment of the editorial writer.
因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)狈θ魏喂烙?jì)這一可能性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),只好聽(tīng)任社論作者去做出判斷了。
第二段
1. 第一句:Such verbal imprecision is not necessarily to be criticized.
Be necessarily to do sth. 做某件事情沒(méi)有太大必要
句中采用了to be criticized是由于主語(yǔ)verbal imprecision(言辭的不精確性)無(wú)法發(fā)出criticize(批評(píng))的動(dòng)作。
這類(lèi)言辭的不精確性并非一定要受到批評(píng)。
2. 第二句:allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
be out of the question 不可能;不能接受;be out of question 沒(méi)問(wèn)題
第三段
1. 最后一句:can not be reduced to sth./sb.
be reduced to 轉(zhuǎn)化為
第四段
1. 第一句:pin down sth. 準(zhǔn)確說(shuō)明
2. 最后一句:compare sb./sth. with sb./sth. 拿某人或某事對(duì)比
第五段
1. First, we find that the number depends, of course, on the items involved.(過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),表示涉及)
Depend on 依靠;依賴
當(dāng)然,我們首先發(fā)現(xiàn)的是數(shù)目決定于涉及的事務(wù)。
2. 第三行:However, unrelated(不相關(guān)的) areas sometimes show parallel(相似、類(lèi)似) values.
然而,同一個(gè)詞在不相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域中有時(shí)量值相似。
3. 第五行:be certain to do sth. 一定做某事
4. 第六行:signify to sb. 對(duì)某人意味著
be likely to do sth. 很有可能做某事
第七段
1. 第一行:Thirdly, there is a marked (過(guò)分作定語(yǔ),表示明顯的)change with age.
數(shù)目隨年齡顯著變化
2. 第二行:The older the child, the fewer glass balls he will take. 越來(lái)越句型
年齡越大,取得玻璃球就越小。
3.P603頁(yè),上數(shù)第二行:in place of 替代
Text B It Never Rains but It Pours
第一段
1. 第二行:used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事
請(qǐng)比較 be/get/become used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事
2. 第五行:regard sth./sb. as 把什么看成
with no relevance to sb./sth. 與某人或某事沒(méi)有聯(lián)系
第二段
1. 第一句:Advice about how to live a healthy life is one example of the type of received wisdom which is condensed and passed on to the next generation in the form of proverbs.
介詞about后面是動(dòng)詞不定式to作賓語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞或介詞后可以+特問(wèn)詞+to do sth.的用法。E.g. I don't know where to go.或what to say.
Received wisdom 公認(rèn)的智慧
Pass on to 傳與后代
In the form of 以某種形式
2. 第四行:There is no smoke without fire. 無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。
第三段
1. 第二行:Don't wash your dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外揚(yáng)。
2. 第五行:It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。
3. 最后一行:Make the best of a bad job. 亡羊補(bǔ)牢。
第四段
1. P615上數(shù)第三行:This proverb is based on(基于) an old English law dating back to(追溯到) the 17th century.
2. P615上數(shù)第六行:Hence the idea carried in the proverb that everyone should be allowed to make a mistake without being punished for it.
因此,格言包含的寓意是,應(yīng)該允許任何人犯一次錯(cuò)而不受懲罰。
第五段
1. 第四行:be harmful to sb. 對(duì)某人有害
2. 第五行:Don't cause trouble when it(指trouble) can be avoided. 能避開(kāi)時(shí)就別去惹麻煩。
第六段
1. 第一行:As Britain came into contact with(開(kāi)始接觸) other countries and cultures, English became enriched with(變得豐富多彩) the words and wisdom of different languages.
隨著英國(guó)接觸別的國(guó)家和文化,英語(yǔ)吸收了不同語(yǔ)言的詞匯和智慧,因而變得豐富多彩。
2. 第五行:It(形式主語(yǔ)) is often easier to carry it through to the end(真正的主語(yǔ)) than to (不可省略,因?yàn)閠han前面與后面應(yīng)該并列同等)stop halfway. (開(kāi)始了某項(xiàng)危險(xiǎn)的事業(yè)),堅(jiān)持到底比半途而廢要更容易。
第七段
1. 第一行:Some proverbs have been(完成時(shí)的使用是因?yàn)楹竺娴臅r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段) in the language for 1,000 years.
2. 第二行:The message here is that someone who stays with you and helps you in times of trouble, rather than(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞,表示而不是) turning their back, is a true friend.
意思是在困難時(shí)幫助你,和你共患難而不是對(duì)你置之不理的人才是你真正的朋友。
第八段
1.第三行:remind sb. that+從句 提醒某人某事
3. P616. 上數(shù)第一行 If someone buys you lunch, they will expect a favor in return.(回報(bào))
如果有人請(qǐng)你吃午飯,他會(huì)指望將來(lái)你給他回報(bào)。
第九段
1. 第一行:Some English people are reluctant to(不愿做某事) use proverbs in their everyday conversation because they see them as(把什么看作) vehicles(表現(xiàn)) of too much used wisdom(陳詞濫調(diào))。 有些英國(guó)人在日常談話中不愿使用格言,因?yàn)樗麄儼迅裱钥闯墒顷愒~濫調(diào)的表現(xiàn)。
2. 第四行:written English 書(shū)面英語(yǔ);spoken English 口頭英語(yǔ)
homely 簡(jiǎn)明扼要的
commentary on sth. 點(diǎn)評(píng)某事
最后一行:be useful to sb. 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很有用