21.The hero created himself；the celebrity is created by the media
The hero was admired for what he had hone for society；the celebrity bursts onto the scene through the work of the media.英雄因其成就而名，而名流則因媒體的宣傳而出名。（英雄造就自己，媒體造就名流。）
22.The hero was a big man；the celebrity is a big name.
the hero was an outstanding man with excellent qualities；the celebrity is an average person with an enviable reputation.英雄是了不起的人物，名流是了不起的名聲。
23.Except for the attention they get from the media，these people are exactly like us.——If the media didn't give them so much attention，they wouldn't be any different from ordinary people.要不是媒體的關注，這些人和我們沒什么兩樣。
注意except 和except for的區(qū)別：
except for：with the exception of （used to introduce the only thing or a person that prevent a statement from being completely true）
1）從一個表示整體的單數(shù)名詞中除掉一部分
The essay is excellent except for the conclusion. 這篇文章除結尾之外總體不錯。
Cf.All the essays are good except yours and John's. 除了你和約翰的文章之外，其他人的都不錯。
The whole class passed the test except for John. 全班除了約翰之外都通過了測試。
Cf.We all passed the test except John. 除約翰之外我們都通過了測試。
2） 所談及的名詞和除外的名詞代表不同的類別時
The country is not worth seeing，except for its temples. 那個國家除了寺廟之外沒有什么值得游覽的
The road was deserted except for a few cars. 路上除了幾輛轎車之外杳無人絕跡。
Cf.All the roads are deserted except one. 除了一條路之外，其他路上行人絕跡
24.Previously，men like Gould and Harriman，whose names everyone knew，could easily have passed through a crowd without being recognized.——In the past，when famous men like Gould and Harriman walked through a crowd，it was quite possible that people don't recognize them，though everyone knew of them.
此句的意思是：這兩個人要是在人群里走走的話，人們完全可能不知他們?yōu)楹卧S人。（但他們極少出現(xiàn)在人群之中。）
could have done sth.（ could have done sth.）。（情態(tài)助動詞could與完成時形式的動詞不定式have done sth.連用）表示過去可能會發(fā)生但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事情：
You could have got a job last year. 你本來去年就可能會找到工作的。（實際上沒有找到）
Ten people were killed in the accident.They could have been saved.
事故中有10人死亡，他們的生命本來是可以挽救過來的
pass through：to go through a town，etc，stopping there for a short time but not staying
25.The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress，appearance ，and personal habits were widely commented upon.——When famous people's photos appeared in newspapers，their outward features-their appearance，their clothes，and the way they carried themselves-began to attract public attention and get talked about，In this way these famous people gradually became celebrities.
現(xiàn)在報紙上能刊登照片，這使名人成為名流，他們的衣著、外貌和體態(tài)舉止都成為人們評論的對象。
Turn…into…：to cause sth./sb.to become…使——成為；把——變成
Her bitter experience has turned her into a strong woman. 痛苦的經歷使她成了一個堅強的女人。
The mobile medical team turned an old temple into a first-aid station.流動醫(yī)療隊把一座古廟改造成了急救站。
Comment on/upon：to give/express opinions about評論；議論
The U.S.2000 presidential election has been much commented upon.
2000年美國的總統(tǒng)選舉招致了不少的議論。
I don't think it right to comment on people's private affairs. 我覺得議論別人的私事是不對的。
26.Slowly，the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like.公眾的注意力逐漸由了解這些人做了些什么轉移到了了解他們長得是什么樣子。
Shift（away）from…to…：to change in emphasis，direction or focus：轉移
When the wind shifted from south to north，it began to get cold. 風向由南轉北，天氣變冷了。
In the early 1960s，the emphasis of our country's economy shifted from heavy industry to light industry and agriculture.20世紀60年代初期，我國經濟的重點工業(yè)轉向輕工業(yè)和農業(yè)。
look like：to have the appearance of看起來像
The restaurant looks like a ship. 這家餐館的外形像條船。
From the way they treat each other they look like sisters. 她們親昵的樣子看起來像是姐兒倆。
like 常與其他表示感官功能（如視覺、觸覺、味覺、聽覺等look like；feel like；smell like；sound like）的動詞連用。
In the middle of the night we were woken up by some noise.It sounded like a fight.
半夜里我們被吵醒了，聽起來像是吵架的聲音。
The dish sells like fish，but tastes like beef. 這道菜聞起來像魚，嘗起來像牛肉。
The material feels like silk. 這塊料子摸起來像絲綢。
27.With the arrival of television…
Because we now have television…由于電視的出現(xiàn)
with：because of having
With a large family to support，he cannot afford a new coat this year
由于有一大家人要養(yǎng)活，他今年不能給自己買新大衣了。。
With John away，we've got more room.
由于約翰不在，我們的地方顯得更寬敞。
With all the homework to do，I cannot go out this weekend.
有這么多作業(yè)要做，這個周末我不能出去了
28.…than we did about most of the people we know personally.
…than we know about most of the people we actually know.
29.Less than seventy years after the appearance of the first moving pictures，the shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.
第一部電影問世后不到70年，英雄崇拜就徹底轉變成名人崇拜了。
電影起源于19世紀末，人們傳統(tǒng)上認為1899年是電影誕生之年，此句的意思是在20世紀60年代末人們崇拜對象的轉變就完成了。
moving picture 的其他名稱為：picture，motion picture，film，movie等。
The hero was admired for what he had hone for society；the celebrity bursts onto the scene through the work of the media.英雄因其成就而名，而名流則因媒體的宣傳而出名。（英雄造就自己，媒體造就名流。）
22.The hero was a big man；the celebrity is a big name.
the hero was an outstanding man with excellent qualities；the celebrity is an average person with an enviable reputation.英雄是了不起的人物，名流是了不起的名聲。
23.Except for the attention they get from the media，these people are exactly like us.——If the media didn't give them so much attention，they wouldn't be any different from ordinary people.要不是媒體的關注，這些人和我們沒什么兩樣。
注意except 和except for的區(qū)別：
except for：with the exception of （used to introduce the only thing or a person that prevent a statement from being completely true）
1）從一個表示整體的單數(shù)名詞中除掉一部分
The essay is excellent except for the conclusion. 這篇文章除結尾之外總體不錯。
Cf.All the essays are good except yours and John's. 除了你和約翰的文章之外，其他人的都不錯。
The whole class passed the test except for John. 全班除了約翰之外都通過了測試。
Cf.We all passed the test except John. 除約翰之外我們都通過了測試。
2） 所談及的名詞和除外的名詞代表不同的類別時
The country is not worth seeing，except for its temples. 那個國家除了寺廟之外沒有什么值得游覽的
The road was deserted except for a few cars. 路上除了幾輛轎車之外杳無人絕跡。
Cf.All the roads are deserted except one. 除了一條路之外，其他路上行人絕跡
24.Previously，men like Gould and Harriman，whose names everyone knew，could easily have passed through a crowd without being recognized.——In the past，when famous men like Gould and Harriman walked through a crowd，it was quite possible that people don't recognize them，though everyone knew of them.
此句的意思是：這兩個人要是在人群里走走的話，人們完全可能不知他們?yōu)楹卧S人。（但他們極少出現(xiàn)在人群之中。）
could have done sth.（ could have done sth.）。（情態(tài)助動詞could與完成時形式的動詞不定式have done sth.連用）表示過去可能會發(fā)生但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事情：
You could have got a job last year. 你本來去年就可能會找到工作的。（實際上沒有找到）
Ten people were killed in the accident.They could have been saved.
事故中有10人死亡，他們的生命本來是可以挽救過來的
pass through：to go through a town，etc，stopping there for a short time but not staying
25.The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress，appearance ，and personal habits were widely commented upon.——When famous people's photos appeared in newspapers，their outward features-their appearance，their clothes，and the way they carried themselves-began to attract public attention and get talked about，In this way these famous people gradually became celebrities.
現(xiàn)在報紙上能刊登照片，這使名人成為名流，他們的衣著、外貌和體態(tài)舉止都成為人們評論的對象。
Turn…into…：to cause sth./sb.to become…使——成為；把——變成
Her bitter experience has turned her into a strong woman. 痛苦的經歷使她成了一個堅強的女人。
The mobile medical team turned an old temple into a first-aid station.流動醫(yī)療隊把一座古廟改造成了急救站。
Comment on/upon：to give/express opinions about評論；議論
The U.S.2000 presidential election has been much commented upon.
2000年美國的總統(tǒng)選舉招致了不少的議論。
I don't think it right to comment on people's private affairs. 我覺得議論別人的私事是不對的。
26.Slowly，the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like.公眾的注意力逐漸由了解這些人做了些什么轉移到了了解他們長得是什么樣子。
Shift（away）from…to…：to change in emphasis，direction or focus：轉移
When the wind shifted from south to north，it began to get cold. 風向由南轉北，天氣變冷了。
In the early 1960s，the emphasis of our country's economy shifted from heavy industry to light industry and agriculture.20世紀60年代初期，我國經濟的重點工業(yè)轉向輕工業(yè)和農業(yè)。
look like：to have the appearance of看起來像
The restaurant looks like a ship. 這家餐館的外形像條船。
From the way they treat each other they look like sisters. 她們親昵的樣子看起來像是姐兒倆。
like 常與其他表示感官功能（如視覺、觸覺、味覺、聽覺等look like；feel like；smell like；sound like）的動詞連用。
In the middle of the night we were woken up by some noise.It sounded like a fight.
半夜里我們被吵醒了，聽起來像是吵架的聲音。
The dish sells like fish，but tastes like beef. 這道菜聞起來像魚，嘗起來像牛肉。
The material feels like silk. 這塊料子摸起來像絲綢。
27.With the arrival of television…
Because we now have television…由于電視的出現(xiàn)
with：because of having
With a large family to support，he cannot afford a new coat this year
由于有一大家人要養(yǎng)活，他今年不能給自己買新大衣了。。
With John away，we've got more room.
由于約翰不在，我們的地方顯得更寬敞。
With all the homework to do，I cannot go out this weekend.
有這么多作業(yè)要做，這個周末我不能出去了
28.…than we did about most of the people we know personally.
…than we know about most of the people we actually know.
29.Less than seventy years after the appearance of the first moving pictures，the shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.
第一部電影問世后不到70年，英雄崇拜就徹底轉變成名人崇拜了。
電影起源于19世紀末，人們傳統(tǒng)上認為1899年是電影誕生之年，此句的意思是在20世紀60年代末人們崇拜對象的轉變就完成了。
moving picture 的其他名稱為：picture，motion picture，film，movie等。