11. While you learn a little bit about many subjects，make sure you learn a great deal about one or two.——On the one hand，you should have a wide scope of knowledge；on the other hand，you should learn one or two subjects thoroughly.
while：表示對(duì)比
make sure：to do sth. in order to be sure that sth. else happens
eg：We'll do our best to make sure that everything is ready before the sportsmeet.
12.It hardly matters what the subject is，as long as it deeply interest you，and you place it in its broader human context.
It hardly matters what：句型“it +否定詞 + matter（s） + wh-”eg：
It doesn't matter how you do it as long as you finish it on time.你如何做并不重要，但只要按時(shí)完成。
as long as：so long as：（表示條件）只要
You will succeed as long as you work hard.
context：上下文；背景
We will be able to understand why this event happened if we see it in its historical context.
如果我們能夠從該事件的歷史背景來考慮，就能理解事件為何發(fā)生。
13.But don't get trapped by the first subject that interest you，or the first thing you find yourself good at.——But you shouldn't limit your study to anything that attracts you immediately or anything you first find yourself good at.
不要把自己的學(xué)習(xí)限制在初吸你的范圍或者你初擅長(zhǎng)的范圍。
Be/get trapped：to be in a bad situation someone from escaping from dangerous place陷于，被困于
More than 50 miners got trapped in the pit following yesterday's explosion.
50多名礦工在昨天的爆炸發(fā)生后被困在礦井中。
get trapped：（fig.）to get so deeply involved that one finds it hard to be interested in anything else
They got trapped when they were doing the experiment
14. The answers can be a gateway to real insights.
a gateway to——通向——途徑；獲得——手段
A good education can be a gateway to success.良好的教育是獲得成功的手段。
The Suez Canal is a gateway to Europe from East Asia.蘇伊士運(yùn)河是從亞洲通向歐洲的通道。
15. And don't confine your learning to schoolwork.不要把自己局限于課堂
confine …。to把——限制在——之內(nèi)
They managed to confine Sars to a definite area.他們?cè)O(shè)法將“非典”控制在一定的范圍。
16. It's much braver to ask questions even when there's a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you.
明知會(huì)引起嘲笑而提問要比把問題埋在心里、對(duì)周圍的一切變得麻木不仁要勇敢得多。
prospect ：something that you expect or know is going to happen預(yù)料會(huì)發(fā)生的事
He doesn't like the prospect of having to live alone.他將不得不獨(dú)居，這事他可不喜歡
become deadened to sth.對(duì)——變得麻木
He has become deadened to failures，for he has experienced so many.
Deaden sb. to sth.使——對(duì)——麻木
17. Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side.——Often，when people talk they show off：they try to show they are smarter，or that they know more than the person they are talking to；this kind of conversation gives you nu useful information or understanding.
經(jīng)常，人們談話時(shí)總是爭(zhēng)相表現(xiàn)自己，這類談話對(duì)雙方都無多大益處。
Lead to：to result in；to bring about通向；導(dǎo)致
All roads lead to Rome.
Hard work can lead to success.
18.try to understand………what you can learn from or about them
——try to learn something from what they say，or try to find out the kind of person they are.
而是設(shè)法搞懂他們說的是什么，什么樣的經(jīng)歷才能使他們說這些話，你從這些話中能學(xué)到什么，你對(duì)說這些話的人又能了解到什么情況等。
19.The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes.
Be in：lie in/exist in 在于；存在于
The cause of the accident was（lay/existed） in the drinking of the driver.事故的原因在于駕駛員喝酒了
20……often for some short-term advantage when the long term implications are unknown.——often for some quick profit now，when you don't know possible harm or danger might arise in the future.
我們往往為了短期的利益，在尚不了解（這些做法）長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)影響的情況下——
The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about the direction in which we are doing.——All people in the world have the right at least to express their views on the future of our planet.
任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的公民至少對(duì)我們?nèi)祟愐呦蚝翁幱邪l(fā)言權(quán)。
Have sth. to say：have a say，have a right to make a decision about sth.
while：表示對(duì)比
make sure：to do sth. in order to be sure that sth. else happens
eg：We'll do our best to make sure that everything is ready before the sportsmeet.
12.It hardly matters what the subject is，as long as it deeply interest you，and you place it in its broader human context.
It hardly matters what：句型“it +否定詞 + matter（s） + wh-”eg：
It doesn't matter how you do it as long as you finish it on time.你如何做并不重要，但只要按時(shí)完成。
as long as：so long as：（表示條件）只要
You will succeed as long as you work hard.
context：上下文；背景
We will be able to understand why this event happened if we see it in its historical context.
如果我們能夠從該事件的歷史背景來考慮，就能理解事件為何發(fā)生。
13.But don't get trapped by the first subject that interest you，or the first thing you find yourself good at.——But you shouldn't limit your study to anything that attracts you immediately or anything you first find yourself good at.
不要把自己的學(xué)習(xí)限制在初吸你的范圍或者你初擅長(zhǎng)的范圍。
Be/get trapped：to be in a bad situation someone from escaping from dangerous place陷于，被困于
More than 50 miners got trapped in the pit following yesterday's explosion.
50多名礦工在昨天的爆炸發(fā)生后被困在礦井中。
get trapped：（fig.）to get so deeply involved that one finds it hard to be interested in anything else
They got trapped when they were doing the experiment
14. The answers can be a gateway to real insights.
a gateway to——通向——途徑；獲得——手段
A good education can be a gateway to success.良好的教育是獲得成功的手段。
The Suez Canal is a gateway to Europe from East Asia.蘇伊士運(yùn)河是從亞洲通向歐洲的通道。
15. And don't confine your learning to schoolwork.不要把自己局限于課堂
confine …。to把——限制在——之內(nèi)
They managed to confine Sars to a definite area.他們?cè)O(shè)法將“非典”控制在一定的范圍。
16. It's much braver to ask questions even when there's a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you.
明知會(huì)引起嘲笑而提問要比把問題埋在心里、對(duì)周圍的一切變得麻木不仁要勇敢得多。
prospect ：something that you expect or know is going to happen預(yù)料會(huì)發(fā)生的事
He doesn't like the prospect of having to live alone.他將不得不獨(dú)居，這事他可不喜歡
become deadened to sth.對(duì)——變得麻木
He has become deadened to failures，for he has experienced so many.
Deaden sb. to sth.使——對(duì)——麻木
17. Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side.——Often，when people talk they show off：they try to show they are smarter，or that they know more than the person they are talking to；this kind of conversation gives you nu useful information or understanding.
經(jīng)常，人們談話時(shí)總是爭(zhēng)相表現(xiàn)自己，這類談話對(duì)雙方都無多大益處。
Lead to：to result in；to bring about通向；導(dǎo)致
All roads lead to Rome.
Hard work can lead to success.
18.try to understand………what you can learn from or about them
——try to learn something from what they say，or try to find out the kind of person they are.
而是設(shè)法搞懂他們說的是什么，什么樣的經(jīng)歷才能使他們說這些話，你從這些話中能學(xué)到什么，你對(duì)說這些話的人又能了解到什么情況等。
19.The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes.
Be in：lie in/exist in 在于；存在于
The cause of the accident was（lay/existed） in the drinking of the driver.事故的原因在于駕駛員喝酒了
20……often for some short-term advantage when the long term implications are unknown.——often for some quick profit now，when you don't know possible harm or danger might arise in the future.
我們往往為了短期的利益，在尚不了解（這些做法）長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)影響的情況下——
The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about the direction in which we are doing.——All people in the world have the right at least to express their views on the future of our planet.
任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的公民至少對(duì)我們?nèi)祟愐呦蚝翁幱邪l(fā)言權(quán)。
Have sth. to say：have a say，have a right to make a decision about sth.