重點(diǎn)句子：
1.The stars which we see glittering in the sky on a dark and cloudless night are almost certainly the suns of other solar systems more or less like our own， but they are so far away in space that it is unlikely that we shall ever get to know very much about them.
which 引導(dǎo)定語從句
so… that…結(jié)果狀語從句中it為形式主語
2.The earth is， however， very different from the moon， which the American astronauts have found to be without life or vegetation， whereas our earth is very much alive in every respect.
which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，修飾the moon
vegetation 植物
whereas = while 然而
alive意為“有活力的”，在句中作表語。類似的形容詞還有afraid， alone， alike， asleep， awake， aware等
in every respect 在每一個(gè)方面
3.In most of the oceans and seas some of the water is found to be flowing in a particular direction － that is to say， from one part towards another part of the ocean or sea concerned.
to be flowing不定式作主語補(bǔ)語
concerned 是分詞作定語，修飾the ocean or sea
4.There are many thousands of currents in the waters of the oceans and seas ，but only certain of the stronger and better marked currents are specially named and of great importance.
Thousands/hundreds of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)
Eg.Hundreds of meters
此處waters指的是“大片的水，水域”
peoples 表示人種
woods 表示森林，樹木
5.The circumstances under which different people live make a great difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live， and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands.
三個(gè)定語從句，由under which 和 兩個(gè)in which 引導(dǎo)，
第一個(gè)：under which different people live 修飾 circumstances
第二個(gè)：in which they live 修飾 the way
第三個(gè)：in which we live 修飾 the way
ought to = should 應(yīng)該
business 責(zé)任，業(yè)務(wù)
it是形式主語，真正主語是to try to understand those different circumstances
目的狀語從句，由so that引導(dǎo)
other lands 其它國家
6.Above all， we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the kind of lives they have to live.
注意動詞 avoid 后接動名詞作賓語
decide 判定
what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句作deciding的賓語
they have to live 是省略連詞的定語從句，修飾lives
7.It is true to say that the more we learn about other people， the better we understand their ideas and， as a rule， the better we like those people themselves.
注意 the more …， the better…， the better … 比較結(jié)構(gòu)
Unit 2 補(bǔ)充語法知識
that 與 which引導(dǎo)定語從句的異同點(diǎn) ：
that不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 which可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
that 不可用作介詞賓語 which可用作介詞賓語 介詞+ which
in that “在于”， 是復(fù)合連詞，非介詞賓語
that 可以用于指代人或物 which不可以用于指代人
當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞、序數(shù)詞、形容詞級所修飾的詞時(shí)，只能用that而不能用which引導(dǎo)定語從句
比如everything， anything， first， second等
1.The stars which we see glittering in the sky on a dark and cloudless night are almost certainly the suns of other solar systems more or less like our own， but they are so far away in space that it is unlikely that we shall ever get to know very much about them.
which 引導(dǎo)定語從句
so… that…結(jié)果狀語從句中it為形式主語
2.The earth is， however， very different from the moon， which the American astronauts have found to be without life or vegetation， whereas our earth is very much alive in every respect.
which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，修飾the moon
vegetation 植物
whereas = while 然而
alive意為“有活力的”，在句中作表語。類似的形容詞還有afraid， alone， alike， asleep， awake， aware等
in every respect 在每一個(gè)方面
3.In most of the oceans and seas some of the water is found to be flowing in a particular direction － that is to say， from one part towards another part of the ocean or sea concerned.
to be flowing不定式作主語補(bǔ)語
concerned 是分詞作定語，修飾the ocean or sea
4.There are many thousands of currents in the waters of the oceans and seas ，but only certain of the stronger and better marked currents are specially named and of great importance.
Thousands/hundreds of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)
Eg.Hundreds of meters
此處waters指的是“大片的水，水域”
peoples 表示人種
woods 表示森林，樹木
5.The circumstances under which different people live make a great difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live， and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands.
三個(gè)定語從句，由under which 和 兩個(gè)in which 引導(dǎo)，
第一個(gè)：under which different people live 修飾 circumstances
第二個(gè)：in which they live 修飾 the way
第三個(gè)：in which we live 修飾 the way
ought to = should 應(yīng)該
business 責(zé)任，業(yè)務(wù)
it是形式主語，真正主語是to try to understand those different circumstances
目的狀語從句，由so that引導(dǎo)
other lands 其它國家
6.Above all， we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the kind of lives they have to live.
注意動詞 avoid 后接動名詞作賓語
decide 判定
what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句作deciding的賓語
they have to live 是省略連詞的定語從句，修飾lives
7.It is true to say that the more we learn about other people， the better we understand their ideas and， as a rule， the better we like those people themselves.
注意 the more …， the better…， the better … 比較結(jié)構(gòu)
Unit 2 補(bǔ)充語法知識
that 與 which引導(dǎo)定語從句的異同點(diǎn) ：
that不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 which可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
that 不可用作介詞賓語 which可用作介詞賓語 介詞+ which
in that “在于”， 是復(fù)合連詞，非介詞賓語
that 可以用于指代人或物 which不可以用于指代人
當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞、序數(shù)詞、形容詞級所修飾的詞時(shí)，只能用that而不能用which引導(dǎo)定語從句
比如everything， anything， first， second等