11. prescribed daily doses of information 是比喻的說(shuō)法，
譯：有些學(xué)生需要老師像醫(yī)生開(kāi)藥一樣每天給他們規(guī)定一定量的信息。
others need challenge and a high degree of responsibility for the design of their own work. But for too long， teachers have insisted that there is one best way to teach and learn， even though they have disagreed about what that way is.⑿
12.that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，even though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，
disagree about 意見(jiàn)不合，有分歧
譯：但長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，盡管老師們對(duì)什么是的教學(xué)方法存在分歧，卻堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為只有一種的教學(xué)方法。
A century ago， the greatest majority of Americans lived in communities so small that only one one -room schoolhouse was within walking distance of small children. Then there had to be “one right method” for everybody to learn.
Today the great majority of pupils in the United State（and all developed countries） live in big cities with such density that there can easily be three or four elementary schools -as well as secondary schools within each child‘s walking or bicycling distance. This enables students and their parents to choose between alternative routes to learning offered by competing schools.
Indeed， competition and choice are already beginning to infiltrate the school system. Private schools and colleges have shown an unusual ability to survive and develop during a period of rising costs and dropping enrollments elsewhere. All this present， of course， a true threat to the public school establishment.
But economics， student needs and our new understanding of how people learn are bound to break the traditional education monopoly just as trucks and airplanes broke the monopoly of railroads， and computers and “chips” are breaking the telephone monopoly.⒀
13.be bound（bind 的過(guò)去分詞）to （必然）
bind（動(dòng)詞——綁）
該句的主語(yǔ)是economics， student needs and our new understanding，其中 economics 應(yīng)該理解為“經(jīng)濟(jì)因素”。
to break the monopoly 意為：“打破壟斷”
just as 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句
譯：但是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、學(xué)生的需要以及我們對(duì)如何學(xué)習(xí)的新觀點(diǎn)都必然要打破傳統(tǒng)教育的壟斷，正如卡車(chē)和飛機(jī)打破了鐵路的壟斷、計(jì)算機(jī)與芯片正在打破電話(huà)的壟斷一樣。
In the next 10 or 15 years we will almost certainly see strong pressures to make schools responsible for thinking through what kind of learning methods are appropriate for each child.
We will almost certainly see great pressure， from parents and students alike， for result-focused education and for accountability in meeting objectives set for individual students. ⒁
14.result（名詞——結(jié)果、效果）
focus （動(dòng)詞——集中）
accountability in 意為：“在…方面的責(zé)任感 ”
set for individual students 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾objectives 為各個(gè)學(xué)生制定的目標(biāo)
本句難理解的難點(diǎn)主要在介詞和名詞的搭配：great pressure … from … for … and for
譯：我們幾乎肯定還會(huì)遇到來(lái)自父母及學(xué)生同樣巨大的壓力，要求講究教育實(shí)效，要認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)地實(shí)現(xiàn)為各個(gè)學(xué)生制定的教育目標(biāo)。
The continuing professional education of highly educated adults will become a third tier in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work. Above all， attention will shift back to schools and education as the central capital investment and infrastructure of a “knowledge society.”
補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
并列結(jié)構(gòu)：在一些長(zhǎng)句子里，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如：不定式的并列、動(dòng)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)的并列、介詞短語(yǔ)的并列等等。掌握這些結(jié)構(gòu)有利于長(zhǎng)句的理解。要注意的是不能把不同類(lèi)的詞或短語(yǔ)并列或平行使用。
例如：
1.That problem is not solely how to be more productive， more comfortable， more content， but how to be more sensitive， more sensible， more proportionate， more alive.
不定式的并列
2.But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are， to identity their real problems， to respond more fully to beauty， to place adequate value on life， and to make their world safer than it now is.
不定式的并列
3.Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to - the reality of pain in others； the possibilities of creative growth in himself； the memory of the race； and the rights of the next generation
名詞短語(yǔ)的并列
4.The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increased speed， or enlarged capacity， or prolonged memory， or reduced size， but for better questions and better use of the answers.
介詞短語(yǔ)的并列
譯：有些學(xué)生需要老師像醫(yī)生開(kāi)藥一樣每天給他們規(guī)定一定量的信息。
others need challenge and a high degree of responsibility for the design of their own work. But for too long， teachers have insisted that there is one best way to teach and learn， even though they have disagreed about what that way is.⑿
12.that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，even though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，
disagree about 意見(jiàn)不合，有分歧
譯：但長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，盡管老師們對(duì)什么是的教學(xué)方法存在分歧，卻堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為只有一種的教學(xué)方法。
A century ago， the greatest majority of Americans lived in communities so small that only one one -room schoolhouse was within walking distance of small children. Then there had to be “one right method” for everybody to learn.
Today the great majority of pupils in the United State（and all developed countries） live in big cities with such density that there can easily be three or four elementary schools -as well as secondary schools within each child‘s walking or bicycling distance. This enables students and their parents to choose between alternative routes to learning offered by competing schools.
Indeed， competition and choice are already beginning to infiltrate the school system. Private schools and colleges have shown an unusual ability to survive and develop during a period of rising costs and dropping enrollments elsewhere. All this present， of course， a true threat to the public school establishment.
But economics， student needs and our new understanding of how people learn are bound to break the traditional education monopoly just as trucks and airplanes broke the monopoly of railroads， and computers and “chips” are breaking the telephone monopoly.⒀
13.be bound（bind 的過(guò)去分詞）to （必然）
bind（動(dòng)詞——綁）
該句的主語(yǔ)是economics， student needs and our new understanding，其中 economics 應(yīng)該理解為“經(jīng)濟(jì)因素”。
to break the monopoly 意為：“打破壟斷”
just as 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句
譯：但是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、學(xué)生的需要以及我們對(duì)如何學(xué)習(xí)的新觀點(diǎn)都必然要打破傳統(tǒng)教育的壟斷，正如卡車(chē)和飛機(jī)打破了鐵路的壟斷、計(jì)算機(jī)與芯片正在打破電話(huà)的壟斷一樣。
In the next 10 or 15 years we will almost certainly see strong pressures to make schools responsible for thinking through what kind of learning methods are appropriate for each child.
We will almost certainly see great pressure， from parents and students alike， for result-focused education and for accountability in meeting objectives set for individual students. ⒁
14.result（名詞——結(jié)果、效果）
focus （動(dòng)詞——集中）
accountability in 意為：“在…方面的責(zé)任感 ”
set for individual students 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾objectives 為各個(gè)學(xué)生制定的目標(biāo)
本句難理解的難點(diǎn)主要在介詞和名詞的搭配：great pressure … from … for … and for
譯：我們幾乎肯定還會(huì)遇到來(lái)自父母及學(xué)生同樣巨大的壓力，要求講究教育實(shí)效，要認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)地實(shí)現(xiàn)為各個(gè)學(xué)生制定的教育目標(biāo)。
The continuing professional education of highly educated adults will become a third tier in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work. Above all， attention will shift back to schools and education as the central capital investment and infrastructure of a “knowledge society.”
補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
并列結(jié)構(gòu)：在一些長(zhǎng)句子里，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如：不定式的并列、動(dòng)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)的并列、介詞短語(yǔ)的并列等等。掌握這些結(jié)構(gòu)有利于長(zhǎng)句的理解。要注意的是不能把不同類(lèi)的詞或短語(yǔ)并列或平行使用。
例如：
1.That problem is not solely how to be more productive， more comfortable， more content， but how to be more sensitive， more sensible， more proportionate， more alive.
不定式的并列
2.But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are， to identity their real problems， to respond more fully to beauty， to place adequate value on life， and to make their world safer than it now is.
不定式的并列
3.Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to - the reality of pain in others； the possibilities of creative growth in himself； the memory of the race； and the rights of the next generation
名詞短語(yǔ)的并列
4.The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increased speed， or enlarged capacity， or prolonged memory， or reduced size， but for better questions and better use of the answers.
介詞短語(yǔ)的并列